Articles tagged with Decision Making
A new tool called Long-term Investor Value Appropriation (LIVA) has been introduced to measure long-term firm performance and shareholder value. LIVA uses stock price data to calculate a backward-looking net present value over a given period, providing a more accurate reflection of underlying economic performance.
Researchers found that district-level police crime centers associated with significant reductions in robberies and burglaries, as well as shootings and sexual assault. The approach enabled novel responses to crime incidents and improved rapid decision-making among police.
Researchers have mapped zebrafish brain regions involved in decision making, revealing how sensory information is integrated to trigger a behavior. The study uses whole-brain imaging and behavioral paradigms to demonstrate the accumulation of evidence over time.
Researchers have discovered that people make choices based on a model of the 'mind of the group' and an evolving simulation of its effects. In large groups, humans create an average model of a 'mind' representative of the group, even when identities are unknown.
A new modeling approach can help researchers, policymakers and the public better understand how policy decisions will influence human migration as sea levels rise. The approach suggests that global policy decisions about greenhouse gas emissions and coastal policies will determine whether people need to migrate and where they may go.
A recent court ruling in Ontario allows physicians to withhold CPR from patients they believe will not benefit from it, but emphasizes the importance of communicating concerns with families. The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario has updated its end-of-life policy to reflect this change.
A NASA study found that near-real-time satellite data can save an average of nine minutes per emergency response, potentially saving millions of dollars in disaster scenarios. The research used the 2011 Southeast Asian floods as a case study and developed a model to deploy in future disasters.
A recent study by Ben-Gurion University of the Negev found that consumers make more accurate purchasing decisions using desktop computers compared to smartphones. The researchers discovered that mobile-friendly websites reduce information output and require more searching, whereas PC-based sites provide a clearer shopping experience.
Researchers studied mouse brain activity while learning tasks, finding neural networks become more focused and selective over time. The team developed computational models to inform decision-making neuroscience, revealing the role of inhibitory neurons in cognition.
Researchers analyzed European football league matches to find that 'lucky' goals often led to increased playing time and ratings for players. The study highlights the importance of taking process and effort into account when evaluating performance to avoid bias and ensure fair rewards.
Researchers tested a two-step task to train people to rely on goal-oriented behaviors, but found no substantial change in behavior or brain activity. The study suggests that the task's methodological drawbacks make it unsuitable for training purposes.
Research from Ohio State University reveals differences in how men and women interact around thermostat settings, with women more likely to report conflicts. The study found that thermostat adjustments tend to occur after agreements and compromises, but conflicts are associated with fewer temperature changes.
A new report highlights the importance of incorporating Indigenous decision-making and worldviews into environmental management, driving innovative solutions to pressing issues. By recognizing Indigenous sovereignty and relational ontologies, institutions can enhance sustainable approaches to land and water management.
Researchers argue that using cooperative game theory to model human-drone interactions can lead to better steering angle control and safer lane-change maneuvers. By taking into account human drivers' real-life experience, automated steering technology can achieve better shared control.
A National Institutes of Health-funded study found that coordinated brain activation, including 'replay' events, helps rats learn how to navigate toward goals. Reverse replay is crucial for reflecting on past paths, while forward replay supports planning for future choices.
A new study suggests that bilingual individuals are less prone to emotional biases when making financial decisions, which could lead to better outcomes in negotiations and investments. The study found that thinking in a foreign language decreases sellers' attachment to their products, resulting in lower prices and improved interactions.
Researchers found that strong relationships between regulators and firms improve monitoring quality initially, but eventually lead to negligence and collusion. The study suggests an optimal duration for relationships may exist, with mandatory auditor rotation programs potentially reducing failures in some cases.
A study by Simon Fraser University researchers found that adopting risk assessment tools leads to fewer incarcerations while maintaining public safety. The tools provide a structured process for predicting violence likelihood, resulting in more accurate predictions than relying on intuition.
Researchers use new mapping method to identify most vulnerable tropical forest areas, combining 45 years of satellite images with current land use data. The analysis reveals the impact of human activity, such as agriculture and infrastructure development, on deforestation and forest degradation.
A new study by Michigan Medicine found that involving patients in pain management decisions significantly decreased opioid prescriptions without compromising pain control. The majority of patients reported their pain control as adequate or good and said their pain level was better or much better than expected.
A new study recommends updating the 'Nearest Relative' criteria under the Mental Health Act to provide patients with greater choice about who represents them. The current system often leads to challenges in balancing patient rights and relative involvement, highlighting the need for advanced choice documents.
A new AI model uses citation data to predict which research articles will lead to future clinical applications, accelerating biomedical progress. The 'Approximate Potential to Translate' metric can help researchers and decision-makers focus on promising areas of science.
A national essential medicines list in Canada could reduce inequitable access to medication, improve health outcomes, and optimize spending on medicines. The study highlights the importance of an independent decision-making body, selection criteria based on clinical and cost-effectiveness, and clear communication with stakeholders.
New research highlights how caregivers can better manage family conflict as they deal with the approaching death of a loved one. Autonomy is a central tension in caregiving at the end of life, and strategies like communication, formal support, and emotional self-care can be used to address conflicts.
A European study found significant variations in vaginal birth after C-section (VBAC) rates among six European countries, with Finland, Netherlands, and Sweden having high VBAC rates. In contrast, Ireland, Italy, and Germany have low VBAC rates due to a heterogeneous pro-against-VBAC culture.
A new study suggests that thinking of sadness as a person can help people regulate their emotions and make better purchasing decisions. Participants who wrote about sadness as a separate entity reported lower levels of sadness and made healthier choices, such as selecting a salad over cheesecake.
A new University of Otago study found that people have varying levels of knowledge about food energy and portion sizes. Inaccurate judgements about these factors can result in overeating and subsequent weight issues. To combat this, the researchers suggest providing more explicit and salient energy labels on food packages.
A study shows that intensive physical training can harm brain capacity, particularly cognitive control. Excessive physical activity is linked to reduced activity of the lateral prefrontal cortex, leading to impulsive decision-making and burnout syndrome.
A new study aims to assess the impact of guided POLST form completion on patient care preferences being respected. Trained nurses will provide advanced care planning assistance to patients enrolled in the randomized controlled trial.
A study by Dr Benjamin Vincent found that hunger significantly alters people's decision-making, making them more impatient and prone to settling for smaller rewards. This effect carries over into other kinds of decisions, such as financial and interpersonal ones, indicating a potential danger for those experiencing hunger due to poverty.
The new technology distributes decision-making throughout a stretchable material by sensing, computing, and responding without centralized processing. This approach holds promise for use in soft robotics and prosthetic devices, mimicking the decentralized brain of octopuses.
A study by the University of Cologne found that expert feedback significantly reduces the length of antibiotic therapies and improves treatment decisions among pediatricians. The experiment showed that providing feedback can be a useful means to address excessive antibiotic use.
Neuroscientists develop mathematical model to maximize reward by considering the difference between choices. When values are similar, decision-making becomes complex, highlighting the brain's reliance on maximizing possible gains.
A recent study by the University of British Columbia found that consumers are more likely to purchase upgraded products with an additional cost presented as an 'add-on' rather than a higher overall price. This effect applies across various product categories, from plane tickets to computer monitors.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that providing patients with more testing choices, such as home fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), does not increase participation in colorectal cancer screening. However, framing choice did impact patient decision-making, leading to a decrease in colonoscopy rates.
A new study found that nearly one-third of kidney transplant candidates die or are removed from the list without receiving a transplant, with many having had multiple organ offers declined. The research highlights concerns about the allocation system and suggests better communication between patients and transplant centers could improv...
A new study reveals that women of color perceive their interactions with healthcare providers as misleading, with information being 'packaged' to limit maternity care choices. The research highlights the impact of implicit bias and racism on birth outcomes, providing a potential mechanism for how these associations occur.
Researchers found that dopamine-related changes in the brain stem may influence human behavior and decision-making. Fluctuations in the dopaminergic midbrain have been linked to behavioral variability, suggesting a possible non-random basis for human choices.
Research at University College London found that minute-to-minute fluctuations in human brain activity, linked to dopamine levels, impact decision-making. When the brain's dopaminergic midbrain is in a state of low activity, individuals are more likely to choose risky options.
A new study by a UBC psychologist and researchers found that hiring committees who deny the existence of gender bias are less likely to promote women. The study, based on actual decisions made by 40 hiring committees in France, suggests that awareness and acknowledgement of barriers faced by women can help overcome implicit biases.
Researchers investigated uncertainty in greenhouse gas emissions estimates, highlighting seven key issues that dominate current understanding. They emphasized the need for a holistic systems view and communicating uncertainties to policymakers and the public.
Researchers found that wearing a bike helmet decreases the 'Frontal Midline Theta Power' in brain activity, indicating reduced cognitive control during risk decision-making. This suggests that wearing a helmet can influence behavior through subtle suggestions on a subconscious level.
A recent meta-analysis of research on implicit bias found that changing people's biases may not necessarily lead to changes in related behaviors. The study, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, reviewed 492 studies and found no evidence of a causal relationship between biased thinking and behavior.
A new study published in the Journal of Marketing found that price-based recovery incentives after service failures are negatively associated with the likelihood of subscribers renewing their contracts at the end of the contract period. The researchers propose several ways subscription-based service providers can reduce the negative ef...
A global study found that EVT decisions differ significantly between regions and specialties under current local resources, but not under ideal conditions. The most important factors for EVT decisions include NIH Stroke Scale score, level of evidence, patient's age, and clinicians' experience in EVT use.
Researchers investigate how asynchronous events influence decision-making, finding that small changes in timing can make a big difference in outcomes. The study models Bertrand competition and predicts under what circumstances random time fluctuations could lead to collusion.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine used mice to study decision-based memories, finding that they are stored in the prefrontal cortex. The study revealed that neurons in this region fire at a higher rate when making decisions, and that this rate slows down over time. This knowledge can help develop models of decision-making and poten...
Researchers found that liberal-leaning companies are more likely to engage with activists, while conservative-leaning companies are less likely. The study also found that company values matter more when they align with the local community's values.
A team of UCI researchers developed a deep reinforcement learning algorithm called DeepCubeA, which can solve the Rubik's Cube in under 20 moves, outperforming human solvers. The algorithm works on other combinatorial games and demonstrates symbolic, mathematical, and abstract thinking capabilities.
Researchers found that only reciprocity boosts a candidate's chances of being the victor, while direct ties and cliquishness decrease their chances, according to new research published in the Academy of Management Journal.
A multidisciplinary health care team approach increased the likelihood of survival for patients with refractory cardiogenic shock after a heart attack, with a 75% chance of survival at 30 days compared to 50%. The study found that team decision-making and collective wisdom improved patient outcomes.
The study found that the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of the posterior parietal cortex is directly involved in guiding decisions about visual patterns. The researchers used a computer game to test the monkeys' ability to make decisions based on visual stimuli.
For high-risk patients, treatment continuation outweighs rare side effects; rapid bone loss occurs after denosumab discontinuation. Long-term studies showed no increased fracture risk with continued treatment.
New research finds that viewing pornography at work is linked to increased shirking of work and lying. The study suggests that this negative behavior is caused by a propensity to dehumanize others, leading to potential issues with sexual harassment and hostile work environments.
Researchers found three distinct brain circuits involved in making good and bad decisions, with the third circuit storing memories of past choices. The study may help explain addiction and inform novel treatments for substance abuse.
Researchers developed a method that enables neural networks to identify similar objects in videos without accuracy degradation. The new algorithm reduces the time for recognition by 1.5 to 10 times, making it suitable for mobile devices and other gadgets.
A Rutgers study found that terminally ill patients who request doctors make decisions often receive more aggressive final treatments, even if it lessens their quality of life. The research suggests that physicians' attitudes and patients' beliefs play a significant role in end-of-life care decisions.
A study by Regenstrief Institute researchers found that only 30% of patients reported having some form of advance directive, but only 16% had one on file in their electronic medical record. This lack of documentation can lead to complex situations for care providers and loved ones.
Researchers have developed a new method to predict the risk of cardiogenic shock in patients after a heart attack. The tool uses proteomics and biomarkers to identify patients at higher risk, enabling more precise treatment options.
A two-year study of day traders found that balanced professional networks lead to better performance and improved high-risk decisions. The researchers discovered that workers naturally gravitate towards a state of balance in their relationships, which ultimately frees up mental energy for making better trades.