Articles tagged with Decision Making
Acute aortic syndrome is a life-threatening condition with a high risk of misdiagnosis. The new Canadian guideline provides recommendations for identifying patients at low, moderate, and high risk, as well as diagnostic strategies for each group.
A new study from the University of California, Davis, shows that toddlers may experience and deal with uncertainty in decision making like older children and adults. Toddlers gather information before making decisions, taking extra time on difficult trials, and exhibiting behaviors that suggest they can respond to uncertain situations.
A new study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that 1 in 10 kindergarten children had undiagnosed vision problems. The study highlights the importance of adequate follow-up care to ensure successful vision screening programs.
A new forensic approach aims to gauge the strength of witness memory and minimize unwitting bias in police lineup processes. The technique, which uses neuroscience and psychology, assigns a probability value to witness testimony and scores responses based on paired comparisons of photos.
A study of 90 participants found that watching a magician perform a card trick resulted in unconscious decisions influenced by verbal and nonverbal primes. The results suggest that embedding priming within speech and gestures can shape decision-making processes.
A new study from the University of Bath and LSE found that realists experience the highest long-term happiness compared to optimists. The research suggests that making decisions based on accurate expectations can lead to better outcomes and increased well-being.
A study published in Science identifies neurons in the frontal lobe that help retrieve memories and make decisions based on those memories. The researchers used implanted electrodes to record neuron activity in patients undergoing brain surgery for epilepsy treatment.
A pooled analysis of DEFINE FLAIR and iFR SWEDEHEART trials reveals similar safety profiles for iFR and FFR in deferring revascularisation. However, FFR-based deferral shows a strong interaction with age, which may be related to varying age-related responses to adenosine.
Researchers have identified neural networks behind conscious recollection of information, shedding light on how memories are retrieved for decision-making. The study found that specific neurons in the medial frontal cortex coordinate with those in the hippocampus to create 'memory pathways,' which are selectively switched on when needed.
A Canadian Medical Association Journal article emphasizes the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE) in healthcare settings, particularly during COVID-19 outbreaks. The study highlights the effectiveness of N95 masks in preventing viral respiratory infections and provides strategies for managing limited PPE supply.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to describe human behavior in various scenarios, helping to understand decision-making. The study found that people tend to use a linear threshold model, increasing the price they're willing to pay over time.
Researchers propose interventions from behavioral science perspectives to empower users in online environments, such as nudging and boosting, to make informed decisions. The study identifies the need for more transparent algorithms and context-based feedback to counter echo chambers and promote critical thinking.
A study by Carnegie Mellon University found that displaying fraudulent reviews alongside nonfraudulent ones increases consumer trust in review platforms. Consumers tend to trust information from platforms that display suspicious reviews, especially when they are uncertain about product quality.
A new study at Brighton and Sussex Medical School found that people make irrational trust decisions precisely when online health information includes both 'shouting' and spelling mistakes. The results show an additive effect, making the combination of errors the most concerning for credibility. Experts emphasize the importance of under...
Researchers at the University of York found that memories for specific locations are either totally forgotten or precisely recalled. The study showed that forgetting involves losses in memory accessibility without changes in precision.
A new sensor-based system developed by RMIT University and Arup uses artificial intelligence to measure staff comfort and concentration in flexible working spaces. The study found that office temperature, sleep quality, and meeting schedules significantly impact perceived concentration levels.
A new study found that age does not necessarily disqualify older patients from breast cancer surgery, but serious adverse events are rare. Surgery can have a negative impact on quality of life and functional independence in older patients.
Scientists develop a general technique for identifying pivotal components, which can tip the scales in group decision-making. The approach is applied to various systems, including voting, Twitter and financial markets.
Research reveals that positive anticipation leads to impatience, while negative anticipation elicits dread, influencing task prioritization. The study's findings have practical applications for personal finance and long-term planning.
School-based mindfulness programs have shown promise in teaching children with autism to better control impulses and focus attention. Researchers found that the practice improved executive functions, including emotional regulation and decision-making.
Researchers found that rats used an unexpected strategy of adapting their behavior based on previous trial outcomes, rather than relying on a fixed optimal rule. This strategy allowed them to quickly adjust to changing environments and learn from mistakes.
Research using 113,620 women's data found mobile phone ownership increased household decision-making power and HIV knowledge. Worldwide mobile phone adoption also linked to decreased gender inequality and mortality rates.
The ES Matrix approach has been applied to assess ecosystem services in various studies, allowing for a higher number of ES assessment than other methods. However, the approach often lacks transparency and variability analyses, recommending improved applications and method elucidation.
A UCL brain imaging study found that highly confident individuals tend to ignore contradictory evidence, while less confident ones process it accurately. This phenomenon, known as confirmation bias, may be stronger in real-world scenarios where people are motivated to stand by their beliefs.
A new study calls for a radically different approach to addressing deforestation, focusing on understanding how individuals make choices about forests and livelihoods. Researchers propose using specially designed board games to help stakeholders align forces despite differing values and worldviews.
Patients favor expert guidance in healthcare decisions, rather than full autonomy, according to new research from University of Chicago Booth School of Business Professors Emma Levine and Celia Gaertig. In experiments, participants preferred paternalistic advice over autonomy, even when the outcome was unfavorable.
A new scientific statement from the American Heart Association suggests that healthy eating habits in childhood can reduce the risk of adult obesity and heart disease. Allowing children to choose their food options within a healthy environment encourages positive eating behaviors and weight management. Parents and caregivers should foc...
Researchers developed a new process to combine multiple disease models for outbreak management, reducing uncertainty and providing better tools for decision makers. The three-part process allows policymakers to evaluate valuable ideas from across the modeling community and identify critical uncertainties to prioritize research directions.
Research from the University of Notre Dame suggests that investors react more severely to corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) when top management executives have a higher proportion of law degrees. Firms with an average proportion of law-trained executives among their leadership teams tend to receive less punishment, while those wi...
A new study led by CU Boulder suggests that continued CO2 emissions will significantly reduce our basic decision-making ability and complex strategic thinking. Indoor CO2 levels could reach up to 1400 parts per million, leading to a 25% reduction in basic decision-making ability and a 50% reduction in complex strategic thinking.
A survey of primary care physicians found that one-third did not support the use of medications to treat opioid use disorder (OUD), despite conclusive evidence. The researchers urge policy changes to increase the acceptance of and willingness to prescribe medications for OUD among primary care physicians.
A recent study published in Nature Communications found that people often take the less optimal choice when faced with a decision, despite having knowledge of what works best. The researchers discovered that nearly everyone learned the pattern, but only about 20% followed it when the pattern didn't work consistently.
Researchers are using a new variant of reinforcement learning to train robots to predict multiple possible outcomes and choose the safest option. The algorithm will assign points to different outcomes, such as rewarding safer options and penalizing those that put the robot in danger.
A new study by University of Texas at Arlington researchers found that people tend to rely on personal anecdotes rather than facts during medical emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This bias can lead to irrational decision-making and a lack of fact-based decision-making when individuals feel vulnerable.
Open biomass burning has a significant impact on regional air quality, especially in Northeast China. The study found that the number of fire points concentrated in two key periods: March-April and October-November, with most fires occurring in cropland.
A team of scientists and engineers from 10 universities created a web portal (N95decon.org) providing best practices for decontaminating and reusing N95 masks. The website synthesizes scientific literature on mask decontamination methods, including heat, UV-C light, and hydrogen peroxide vapors.
Companies with female directors issued recalls of life-threatening defects 28 days earlier than firms with all-male boards, resulting in a 35% reduction in time. Female directors also initiated 120% more recalls of less severe product defects, including packaging and labeling issues.
A precision medicine approach is necessary to determine which patients with diverticulitis need a colonoscopy. The editorial highlights 'sign posts' that support individualized decision-making and recommends their use. This approach uses healthcare resources wisely and provides better patient care.
A new scale measures individuals' preferences for obtaining or avoiding information in various areas of life, including personal health and finances. Most people prefer to remain uninformed in certain domains, while others consistently choose to face the truth.
A study found that accounting for local perspectives when designing conservation policies may increase community support and improve their success. Local people's frustrations with policies were rooted in technical issues, lack of funding, and inadequate involvement in decision-making.
FAIR Health has launched a groundbreaking website feature that combines clinical and cost information to support seriously and chronically ill patients in shared decision making with clinicians. The new tool offers three palliative care scenarios, including kidney dialysis, nutrition options, and breathing assistance.
People with higher obsessive-compulsive symptoms tend to distrust their past experience, leading to increased uncertainty and exploratory behaviors. This study found that individuals with OCD have difficulty trusting acquired knowledge, resulting in an excessive need for updated evidence.
Researchers discovered the anterior lateral motor cortex plays a crucial role in integrating vast amounts of information to make decisions, surpassing previous understanding of its primary function. This finding highlights the brain's remarkable ability to adapt to context and informs scientists' larger understanding of brain function.
A new study by the University of Washington reveals that experiencing wildness in urban areas is essential for physical and mental health. Researchers surveyed hundreds of park-goers and found that encounters with wildlife, water views, and solitude were key to visitors' meaningful experiences.
A study finds that about 42% of physicians experience moral distress when making decisions for surrogate decision-makers, leading to burnout, depression, and compromised professional integrity. Effective communication with surrogates and patients is key to diminishing physician moral distress.
Researchers at Northwestern University developed a decentralized algorithm that enables swarms of robots to form shapes and avoid collisions. The algorithm views the ground as a grid, allowing each robot to sense its closest neighbors and make local decisions without global information.
Researchers at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School explore the importance of learning and knowledge in environmental decision-making. They argue that educational tools can accelerate climate change adaptation and provide actionable knowledge for societies.
Corinn Rutkoski and Renee Collini have been selected as the 2020 AIBS Emerging Public Policy Leadership Award recipients, recognized for their leadership skills and aptitude for working at the intersection of science and public policy. The award highlights their efforts to integrate science into coastal decision-making and promote soun...
Patients across five academic medical centers reacted favorably to an electronic consultation (eConsult) service for primary care provider-to-specialist consultations. Key benefits included quicker access to specialty care and convenience, with approval rates high among patients with a trusted primary care provider.
Scientists at Virginia Tech explore a novel approach to treat alcohol use disorder by using behavioral analysis and neuroimaging to understand decision-making processes. By pre-experiencing future events, individuals can mentally construct how they will feel, reducing the value they place on alcohol.
Researchers discovered that immune cells count their neighbors before activating to avoid overreactions. This new understanding could lead to improved cancer immunotherapies and treatments for autoimmune diseases.
A new study published in The Journal of Urology found that most patients who underwent prostate cancer surgery experienced low levels of decision regret. Patients who played a more active role in treatment decision-making were less likely to experience regret about their choices, regardless of whether they opted for robot-assisted or o...
Research at EPFL suggests that breathing patterns influence conscious decision-making and acts of free will. The study found that voluntary actions are linked to the body's internal state, particularly during exhalation.
Psychologists from the University of Basel found that people focus their attention on the two most promising options when choosing between multiple alternatives. This leads to faster decisions and improved efficiency. The study's results propose a mathematical model describing dynamic interactions of preference formation and eye moveme...
A study by the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center shows that a lung cancer screening decision aid delivered through tobacco quitlines effectively reaches a screening-eligible population and results in informed decisions about lung cancer screening. The decision aid, which explains eligibility, risks, and benefits, encoura...
A new University of Alberta study shows that parents who accommodate their child's snack request tend to make better food choices for themselves. The research found that caregivers who listened to their children's preferences ate fewer unhealthy snacks and more healthy ones.
Researchers at University of California - San Francisco discovered how the brain generates imagined future scenarios, providing new insights into neurobiology of decision-making. Place cells in the hippocampus rapidly switch between present and possible paths, generating a 'menu' for other parts of the brain to make decisions.
A study at Flinders University in Australia found that a form of cognitive incentive retraining can help regular consumers of energy drinks reduce their consumption. The training aimed to tackle attentional and approach biases towards energy drinks, helping participants moderate their bias towards choosing healthier options.
Researchers identified specific regions of chromosome 21 causing memory and decision-making problems in mice with Down syndrome. The study found that different gene groups on mouse chromosomes 16, 10, and 17 contribute to cognitive issues.
Researchers found that performance rankings dramatically disrupt cooperation in groups, but sharing individuals' histories of pro-social contributions can largely offset this effect. By displaying prosocial reputations, managers can create systems of cooperation that withstand the negative impact of performance rankings.