Articles tagged with Decision Making
Assistant professor of civil engineering Mohsen Shahandashti is leading a study to identify challenges in workforce decision-making processes for transportation construction industries during the pandemic. The goal is to learn how managers make decisions balancing public health and worker safety.
LGBTQ+ campus centers are essential resources for LGBTQ+ students, providing counseling, support and student sense of belonging. Research shows that these centers correlate with lower levels of discrimination, less distress and increased self-acceptance among LGBTQ+ students.
A study found that young adults tend to consider both risks and benefits in their sexual behavior, making consistent and thoughtful decisions. The research suggests that even those prone to heuristic decision-making become rational when faced with similar choices framed as sexual decisions.
Researchers recorded real-time changes in dopamine and serotonin levels in patients' brains during tasks, revealing that serotonin levels increased with uncertainty and decreased with confidence. The study provides insight into how dopamine and serotonin regulate perception, decision-making, and cognition, potentially leading to improv...
Researchers identified nerve cells in the brain whose activity indicates decision-making confidence. The frequency of electrical pulses in these neurons increased with increasing decision confidence.
The Global Pandemic App Watch tracks the uptake of COVID-19 contact-tracing and exposure-notification apps worldwide. The website offers maps and country pages detailing app adoption, voluntariness, and privacy concerns, shedding light on the socio-ethical dimensions of these technologies.
Researchers found that officers can cut their chance of making misdiagnosis shooting errors by more than half when using a low ready position. The study, published in Police Quarterly, suggests that this simple adjustment could lead to fewer perception shootings and improved safety.
A global analysis found that men predominate in over 85% of expert groups and task forces, with women making up just 11.5%. This 'disturbingly accepted pattern' of health governance underpins ineffective responses and costs lives. To combat this, experts advocate for truly representative membership, open communication, and inclusive da...
Researchers found that street ETRs are more informative and effective in predicting future tax outcomes than GAAP-based ETRs. Street ETRs, which adjust for unusual or infrequent items, improved the decision-making process for investors.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers found that methamphetamine use increases the risk of casual sex without a condom, particularly among those with higher sexual desire. The study demonstrated that intense sexual arousal leads to rapid shift in preference for using a condom.
A recent study shows that most older women with breast cancer can safely undergo surgery, reducing the gap in survival rates between older and younger women. The research found that surgery is generally well-tolerated and offers slightly lower survival rates for those who don't have it.
A team of researchers developed a cooperative adaptive cruise control model that uses streaming data to predict the driving states of preceding vehicles, reducing congestion and traffic accidents. The model can be tested using actual connected, autonomous vehicles and could create a safer future for everyone sharing the road.
A team of Penn State researchers suggests that simpler models may be a better choice for determining some climate risk due to their ability to better sample uncertainties. This approach can help decision-makers quantify risks more effectively, even if it means sacrificing some detail in the model.
A recent study from the University of South Australia found that Australian boards struggle with gender diversity, resulting in unbalanced decision-making. The research highlights the importance of promoting women's participation on boards to effectively address corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives.
Researchers found that humans are more willing to employ deceptive negotiating techniques when using virtual agents, particularly those with prior experience or negative negotiation experiences. The study suggests that people may feel more comfortable relying on virtual agents to act deceptively, as they perceive it as less personal.
University of Queensland research reveals that conservation planning is often inadequate, neglecting critical ecosystem services that benefit humans, such as freshwater and pollination services. The study proposes a formal process for governments and policymakers to develop more effective plans.
Scientists at OIST have identified a new area of the brain involved in cost-benefit decision-making, revealing complex connections between regions. The ventromedial thalamus sends signals to neurons in the prefrontal cortex, influencing decision-making processes.
Researchers found that disfluency increases people's attitudes toward a message after a time delay, leading to more favorable post-purchase decisions. Consumers misattribute the time spent in decision-making, believing they made an informed choice rather than spending time understanding information.
Researchers found that standard CDS systems are ineffective in reducing antibiotic prescriptions in EDs. The study suggests tailoring CDS systems to the ED environment and provider needs can help reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.
Researchers analyzed the impact of a plain afforestation project in Beijing, finding that some forest patches showed worse growth due to interrupted afforestation. They also found that this project occupied fertile farmland, decreasing connectivity and compactness.
New research reveals Indigenous knowledge is regularly misunderstood when making important environmental decisions. The study highlights a power imbalance between Indigenous knowledge holders and scientists, with Indigenous knowledge often perceived as less valuable.
Research found that military training attenuates the sense of agency and outcome processing in individuals, especially those in lower ranks. In contrast, senior personnel showed no such effect. The study suggests that hierarchical environments can negatively impact an individual's feeling of responsibility for their actions.
A new study from CU Anschutz researchers has identified the cerebellum as a critical region for making fast `go-no go' decisions. The study used mice to investigate the molecular layer interneurons in the cerebellum, which were found to play a role in learning valence and determining whether something is good or not.
A study of 900 US residents found that conservatives tend to view industry-majority boards as making unbiased decisions, while liberals see them as promoting business interests. The authors suggest this politicization could impact scientific advice given to the government.
A new tool, DeepTrust, generated automatic indicators of data and prediction trustworthiness in neural networks, addressing the need for trust in AI. The researchers used subjective logic to assess neural network architectures, providing insights into testing reliability and maximizing accuracy.
Research by UC Riverside found that information markets are more accurate than ad hoc groups in making decisions, despite initial skepticism. As people become accustomed to using markets, they gain trust in their reliability and accuracy.
A team of researchers from New York University and Peking University found that human cognitive limitations lead to distorted probabilities and errors in decision-making. The model predicted human performance better than previous models, suggesting that people do as well as they can under their limitations.
A new study published in JNeurosci found that people learn and decide better when avoiding harm to others. The study used an fMRI scanner to investigate how participants learned to choose between two symbols to minimize pain, revealing increased activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) when choosing for another person.
The American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) has published a set of general guidelines for safely returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic. The guidelines address various aspects, including clinical manifestations of COVID-19, developing a successful return-to-work policy, and industry-specific guidance.
Primary care providers face increasing workload with limited time due to insurance, EMR systems, and COVID-19. Many have reduced clinical schedules or switched to hospital medicine to manage workload.
The study found that sports mega-events can drive urban regeneration, but most sustainable practices are imitative and lack long-term impact. Russian post-Soviet cities face unique challenges in adapting to changes.
The study found that democratic countries tend to copy each other's decisions, while the timing of implementation is crucial in containing the spread. The researchers conclude that political decisions during the pandemic were influenced by internal pressure and a desire for decisiveness.
Researchers found that instilling trust among stakeholders and understanding the science behind flooding were crucial for a successful collaborative decision-making process. This approach led to the implementation of a sustainable flood mitigation strategy that balanced individual needs with environmental protection.
Research by Queensland University of Technology reveals that elite-level cricket umpires make more errors when making leg-before-wicket (LBW) decisions in T20 cricket, with a hit rate of 86.15% and false alarm rate of 2.04%. The study found that the format of the game affects decision-making behavior.
Researchers discovered that unfair negative reviews can evoke consumer empathy, leading to increased purchase and patronage intentions. Firms can capitalize on these reviews by responding in a more personable manner and highlighting employee involvement.
Researchers analyzed the daily deal market to identify trade-offs made by both parties during transactions. Larger platforms can exert bargaining power, while smaller platforms offer higher profit shares to merchants, providing an alternative outlet for price negotiation.
Researchers Xifeng Yan and Yu-Xiang Wang developed a deep learning tool to forecast COVID-19 trends by community. The model, called Transformer, uses attention mechanisms and U.S. Census data to provide hyper-local forecasts with high accuracy.
New research found that a company's past investments in advertising and R&D can help suppliers and partners make informed decisions about whether to bet on the bankrupt customer or partner. Advertising increases survival odds when suppliers have high influence, while R&D decreases them when suppliers have low influence.
The research team synthesized findings into a series of ten technical briefs highlighting best practices and lessons learned in bike share equity policies, data collection, metrics, marketing, and more. The two-page briefs are intended as a resource for bike share professionals and community partners.
A recent study found that narcissists fail to learn from their mistakes because they don't think they made any. This is attributed to their high level of self-confidence and lack of self-awareness, which leads them to believe they were right all along even if they're wrong.
The first commission focuses on scaling sustainable behaviour change, addressing challenges in identifying high-impact projects and understanding the relation between individual behavior and system change. The results will be published Open Access in the Global Sustainability journal, freely available worldwide.
Disagreeing in groups can be difficult, but it's crucial for improvement. Research suggests that a culture where individuals feel empowered to speak up when they disagree is key. Practicing constructive confrontation through regular exercises can help build this skill.
A new study from the University of California, Davis, shows that toddlers may experience and deal with uncertainty in decision making like older children and adults. Toddlers gather information before making decisions, taking extra time on difficult trials, and exhibiting behaviors that suggest they can respond to uncertain situations.
A new study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that 1 in 10 kindergarten children had undiagnosed vision problems. The study highlights the importance of adequate follow-up care to ensure successful vision screening programs.
Acute aortic syndrome is a life-threatening condition with a high risk of misdiagnosis. The new Canadian guideline provides recommendations for identifying patients at low, moderate, and high risk, as well as diagnostic strategies for each group.
A new forensic approach aims to gauge the strength of witness memory and minimize unwitting bias in police lineup processes. The technique, which uses neuroscience and psychology, assigns a probability value to witness testimony and scores responses based on paired comparisons of photos.
A study of 90 participants found that watching a magician perform a card trick resulted in unconscious decisions influenced by verbal and nonverbal primes. The results suggest that embedding priming within speech and gestures can shape decision-making processes.
A new study from the University of Bath and LSE found that realists experience the highest long-term happiness compared to optimists. The research suggests that making decisions based on accurate expectations can lead to better outcomes and increased well-being.
A pooled analysis of DEFINE FLAIR and iFR SWEDEHEART trials reveals similar safety profiles for iFR and FFR in deferring revascularisation. However, FFR-based deferral shows a strong interaction with age, which may be related to varying age-related responses to adenosine.
Researchers have identified neural networks behind conscious recollection of information, shedding light on how memories are retrieved for decision-making. The study found that specific neurons in the medial frontal cortex coordinate with those in the hippocampus to create 'memory pathways,' which are selectively switched on when needed.
A Canadian Medical Association Journal article emphasizes the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE) in healthcare settings, particularly during COVID-19 outbreaks. The study highlights the effectiveness of N95 masks in preventing viral respiratory infections and provides strategies for managing limited PPE supply.
A study published in Science identifies neurons in the frontal lobe that help retrieve memories and make decisions based on those memories. The researchers used implanted electrodes to record neuron activity in patients undergoing brain surgery for epilepsy treatment.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to describe human behavior in various scenarios, helping to understand decision-making. The study found that people tend to use a linear threshold model, increasing the price they're willing to pay over time.
Researchers propose interventions from behavioral science perspectives to empower users in online environments, such as nudging and boosting, to make informed decisions. The study identifies the need for more transparent algorithms and context-based feedback to counter echo chambers and promote critical thinking.
A study by Carnegie Mellon University found that displaying fraudulent reviews alongside nonfraudulent ones increases consumer trust in review platforms. Consumers tend to trust information from platforms that display suspicious reviews, especially when they are uncertain about product quality.
A new study at Brighton and Sussex Medical School found that people make irrational trust decisions precisely when online health information includes both 'shouting' and spelling mistakes. The results show an additive effect, making the combination of errors the most concerning for credibility. Experts emphasize the importance of under...
Researchers at the University of York found that memories for specific locations are either totally forgotten or precisely recalled. The study showed that forgetting involves losses in memory accessibility without changes in precision.
A new sensor-based system developed by RMIT University and Arup uses artificial intelligence to measure staff comfort and concentration in flexible working spaces. The study found that office temperature, sleep quality, and meeting schedules significantly impact perceived concentration levels.
A new study found that age does not necessarily disqualify older patients from breast cancer surgery, but serious adverse events are rare. Surgery can have a negative impact on quality of life and functional independence in older patients.
Researchers found that rats used an unexpected strategy of adapting their behavior based on previous trial outcomes, rather than relying on a fixed optimal rule. This strategy allowed them to quickly adjust to changing environments and learn from mistakes.