Articles tagged with Decision Making
Research by Anglia Ruskin University suggests that empathy training programs can reduce antisocial behavior and crime. Programs targeting young people have been shown to increase empathy and decrease cyberbullying behavior, while pre-natal training for parents and social-emotional learning programs in schools may also be effective.
Researchers found that batters keep their eye on the ball but move their head to direct their gaze. The study suggests that this movement may help reduce visual calculations needed for accurate bat placement. Further investigation is needed to determine if eye-gaze-based training can improve batting performance.
A new proposal aims to enable parents to participate in decision-making about life-saving treatment for premature infants. This balance is crucial as treatment can do great harm, while without it, the infant dies. Guidelines vary between countries, with some allowing treatment up to gestational week 23.
A UC Riverside-led study finds that venture capital-backed startups organized as corporations pay more taxes than if they were limited liability companies. The study found that switching to an LLC would yield a tax savings of $43.9 billion, equivalent to 4.9% of invested equity.
The Research Roadmap addresses important active transportation needs, focusing on speed management strategies, pedestrian and bicyclist safety, and addressing racial and economic disparities. Funded by NCHRP, the project provides guidance for future research directions.
In a study published in Animal Behaviour, Claire Hemingway found that fruit-eating bats prefer two over one option, but are swayed by the third choice. This suggests that diet and environment play a significant role in shaping their decision-making processes.
Researchers from UC Berkeley studied squirrels' ability to leap and land successfully to develop more agile robots. They found that squirrels assess their biomechanical abilities based on branch flexibility and gap distance, allowing them to adjust their strategies with minimal attempts.
Researchers developed a 'site-specific' strategy to improve cereal yields in Nepalese smallholder farms, outperforming traditional generalized approaches. The Nutrient Expert system uses machine learning to identify crop-specific nutrient requirements, optimizing yield and resource efficiency.
Research from UNSW Sydney found that unexpected uncertainty prompts people to adjust their behavior, even if it's not the best strategy. In contrast, gradual changes in uncertainty do not lead to significant behavioral shifts. The study suggests that understanding how people react to uncertainty can help overcome inertia and promote su...
Researchers found that startups using A/B testing are more successful, with improved performance by 30-100% and higher product innovation rates. The study also found that smaller firms without financing can benefit the most from A/B testing, but use it least.
Researchers found that mice can make fine visual discriminations between slightly different lines, suggesting a more complex decision-making process than previously thought. The study's findings highlight the importance of considering non-perceptual biases in understanding animal behavior and decision-making strategies.
A 20-year Mayo Clinic study suggests that allowing athletes with genetic heart diseases to return to play can be managed through a shared decision-making process. The study found no deaths related to sports and only minor cardiac events, showing that the risks can be minimized with proper testing, treatment, and safety measures.
The AGRIMODELS Cluster is exhibiting the latest data, tools and models needed for evaluating policy impacts on farm, regional, national and global levels. The cluster aims to improve agricultural policy modeling through projects BESTMAP, MIND STEP, and AGRICORE.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and Sleep Research Society (SRS) have published guiding principles for determining optimal work shift durations. The principles consider factors such as physical and mental fatigue, job requirements, safety risks, lifestyle factors, and health to find a balance between competing goals.
The study highlights three key themes in transitional care research: delineating function versus form of interventions, evaluating implementation processes, and engaging stakeholders. These findings aim to improve decision-making and patient-centered outcomes, despite challenges in comparing results between studies.
The American Academy of Neurology provides ethical guidance for neurologists caring for people with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. The position statement emphasizes the importance of respecting patient autonomy, involving families in care decisions, and addressing ethnic disparities in dementia diagnosis and treatment.
A team of UT Austin statisticians have developed a new method to model how the brain learns language over time, with potential applications in clinical practice and other areas of neuroscience research. They found that good learners process audio information faster than bad learners when deciding on tonal differences.
A study by Nicolette Sullivan and Scott Huettel found that the brain processes taste information first, followed by health information, leading to unhealthy snack choices. Slowing down the decision-making process can help individuals make healthier options.
Researchers develop a novel technique to identify specific neural pathways involved in high-order executive functions, including working memory and decision-making. The study reveals that these functions are controlled by different neural pathways linking specific brain areas.
A study by Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg found that relationship quality is associated with the subjective feeling of power, rather than a balanced distribution of positional power. Couples where both partners reported high personal power were more satisfied with their relationships.
A study in Zambia illustrates the challenges of measuring biodiversity and prioritizing land use, highlighting the need for consensus among conservation biologists. Different approaches to measuring biodiversity resulted in almost completely different land-use recommendations, emphasizing the importance of consistent methods.
A triple-system neural model of maladaptive consumption presents a new understanding of compulsive seeking and consumption behaviors. The model identifies three brain regions that may drive maladaptive behaviors: the impulsive system, reflective system, and interoceptive-awareness system.
New research suggests the UK's pandemic planning was limited by an outdated modelling structure, highlighting the need for a more holistic approach to decision-making. Professor Ashraf Labib proposes a hybrid model combining resilience triangle and bowtie modelling with five guiding principles to enhance public policy decisions.
A new computational framework simulates the dissemination of Type 2 diabetes guidelines, highlighting the impact of sociocultural context and complex social interactions. The Culturally Infused Agent Based Model (CI-ABM) improves analysis and prediction of guideline-dissemination behaviors.
Researchers aim to improve search results by accounting for users' systematic biases, which can lead to misleading information and poor decision-making. The project seeks to build bias-aware prediction models and promote informed, unbiased decision-making through proactively capturing bias-related search problems.
A study of 2837 people with RA found that patients with low empowerment had worse pain, function, and quality of life over time. Remote management technologies, such as patient self-assessment and outcome measures, showed fair agreement with clinical decisions.
A new study explores how Haitian women's beliefs and values influence their decision making about pregnancy and birth after a C-section. Key findings highlight the importance of family, friends, and providers, as well as cultural background and fear of pain, in shaping birth plans.
Researchers found that experiencing rudeness amplifies the anchoring bias, leading people to fixate on one piece of information despite inconsistent feedback. Perspective-taking and information elaboration can counteract this effect, suggesting a need to rethink workplace behavior.
A West Virginia University study found that college students' initial status of self-control is partly dependent on their willingness to try new things and their maternal attachment. Students who are less interested in trying new things and have a secure attachment to their mothers tend to maintain stable control throughout the year. C...
Researchers used machine learning to test and improve long-stagnant theories of human decision-making by analyzing a large dataset of risky choices. The study found that deep neural networks could mimic human decisions with high accuracy, revealing underlying psychological properties of established behavioral theories.
Research reveals people with hyperphantasia have a stronger connection between the visual network and the prefrontal cortices, linked to decision-making and attention. This contrasts with aphantasics, who have lower ability to recognize faces and perform autobiographical memory tasks
A new study by University of Michigan researchers highlights common barriers to improving equitable access to transportation, including data collection and information on needs. Practitioners cited need for better communication between disciplines and structures in place to advocate for equity-minded funding allocations.
The study reveals that researchers' subjective decisions can lead to variations in climate reconstruction outcomes. The experiment showed notable differences in amplitude and sensitivity among multiple reconstructions using the same raw data. To improve reliability, teams are advised to create ensemble reconstructions.
A new study led by CABI reveals that women play a crucial role in contract farming and the food value chain, but face significant barriers to participation. The research highlights the need for gender-inclusive approaches to promote equality and shared decision-making amongst men and women.
The OFIDIA2 project has developed an innovative wildfire monitoring and prevention platform for the regions of Puglia and Epirus. The system provides real-time fire danger forecasting, weather forecasts, and a dedicated control room for firefighting decisions.
Digital twin technology has the potential to revolutionize healthcare and aerospace by enabling predictive and precision medicine, and enhancing decision-making. However, current digital twins face challenges in scaling, requiring significant investment to overcome technical barriers and improve model accuracy.
Experts recommend a mandatory UK register of doctors' financial and non-pecuniary interests. The proposed register aims to increase transparency for patients and reduce potential conflicts of interest, following concerns raised by the Cumberlege review.
A new survey suggests that Leave voters in Cornwall wanted to regain control over the UK due to concerns about EU influence, while immigration was a key factor for many. However, the issue of immigration was not a significant concern in Cornwall itself, with only six people citing it as an issue.
A new study found that nearly a quarter of international students make their decision to stay or go before arriving in Canada, while the majority wait until after experiencing life here. Students cited family ties, employment opportunities, and feelings of isolation as key factors shaping their decisions.
Researchers argue that companies must provide explanations for algorithmic decision-making processes, as this is an ethical obligation apart from performance impact. They propose that companies can achieve transparency while maintaining trade secrets by hiring data interpreters or implementing explainable AI.
A US study suggests that delaying the second dose of COVID-19 vaccines for people under 65 could result in lower mortality rates, with estimates suggesting a 20% reduction in deaths. The strategy is optimal when vaccine efficacy from one dose is 80% or higher and vaccination rates are low.
A team of Carnegie Mellon University researchers has developed a new extension called Skeema, which helps users group their browser tabs into tasks and organize, prioritize, and switch between them. This tool addresses the issue of tab overload and improves online productivity by merging tab management and task management in a browser.
A recent study published in the Journal of Law and Society suggests that children are more prone to pleading guilty even when innocent due to their brain development and information processing abilities. The researchers argue that this can lead to inaccurate convictions and recommend tailored protection for young defendants.
A study by University of Cambridge researchers found that credit officers are less likely to approve loan applications at midday, resulting in missed opportunities for customers and financial losses for the bank. The study suggests that regular breaks during working hours can improve performance and productivity.
A study found that consumers with high need for cognition prefer content-based recommendations, while those with low need for cognition prefer collaborative filtering. The type of product also plays a role, with experience products being more appealing to consumers with high need for cognition.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Human Development discovered that the brain rapidly shifts from a rhythmic to a 'noisy' state when task demands increase. This shift enables flexible information processing, allowing individuals to adapt to changing environments and make better decisions.
KICT has developed an effective structural monitoring technique to monitor massive infrastructures, such as long-span bridges. The method uses multi-fidelity data fusion to combine point and distributed strain sensors for accurate responses over whole infrastructures.
Researchers at University of Maryland School of Medicine found that primary care practitioners significantly overestimated the likelihood of conditions such as cardiac ischemia and breast cancer. The study highlights the need for better decision-making tools to help doctors estimate risk based on laboratory findings.
Research from University of Gothenburg shows Brexit may change EU cooperation structure, with neighboring countries and similar ideologies taking precedence. After the referendum, member states with similar economic and political systems have stronger partnerships.
A new approach to solving multiagent decision making problems using agent-by-agent optimization leads to reduced computational complexity, performing at par with standard rollout algorithms. The result is a dramatic reduction in computation cost with linear growth in computation with the number of agents.
Employees perceive prosocially motivated supervisors as fairer and are more likely to give them the benefit of the doubt, even when they make mistakes. Research from the University of Notre Dame found that supervisor motives impact fairness judgments and that focusing on prosocial motives can buffer the negative effects of low justice ...
A new study finds that climate change is a major consideration for people deciding whether or not to have children, with many citing concerns over resource depletion and population growth. The research identifies three themes: overconsumption, overpopulation, and an uncertain future, which can evoke feelings of guilt and moral obligation.
Researchers at Penn State found that providing explanations for online symptom checker recommendations can increase user confidence and trust in the diagnosis. The study showed that users were more likely to trust the symptoms checker when they received clear explanations of how the system generated its probable diagnoses and suggestions.
A new synthetic framework, TB-ResNet, combines discrete choice models and deep neural networks to improve individual decision-making analysis in travel behavior research. The framework has been proven to be highly predictive, interpretable, and robust.
Portland State University has been awarded the Karen Hunter Memorial Award for its innovative open access textbook publishing initiative, PDXOpen. The award recognizes the university's efforts to reduce student costs and improve learning outcomes through openly licensed textbooks.
A recent study by University of Georgia researchers found that people are more likely to rely on algorithms for decision-making, even when faced with complex challenges. As the task becomes harder, people prefer algorithm-generated suggestions over human advice or 'wisdom of the crowd', according to the study.
In a study published by Ohio State University, men are more likely to be designated as the most knowledgeable about household finances, especially in wealthy households. The study found that among households in the top 1% of net worth, husbands were designated as the most knowledgeable in 90% of the households.
Researchers found that fruit flies use decision-making, learning and memory to escape heat, a process that challenges traditional thinking on self-driving cars. The study's findings suggest that simple navigation can contain complex behavior, paving the way for future work in this area.
Two studies from Indiana University and Regenstrief Institute found discrepancies between recorded POLST orders and current treatment preferences among nursing home residents. Regular review and update of these documents are crucial to ensure they reflect changing situations and patient wishes.
A new study published in Marketing Science reveals that customized seller recommendations are more powerful than discounting in increasing conversion rates. The research also found that auction-based pricing mechanisms improve the efficiency of retargeting campaigns, especially when consumers have high search intensity for specific pro...