Articles tagged with Decision Making
FAPESP will host the Executive Secretariat of the Global Research Council (GRC) starting in September, reflecting its prestige among funding agencies worldwide. The GRC aims to create multilateral mechanisms for funding research and innovation.
Researchers at MIT found that explanation methods used to aid human decision-makers in high-stakes situations often have lower accuracy for minoritized subgroups. The fidelity of these explanations varies dramatically between subgroups, with the quality often significantly lower for women and Black people.
The first international study of its kind assesses the status of all reptile species, revealing that at least 2,000 species are threatened with extinction. The study found that 50% of turtle and crocodile species face extinction threats, while 30% of forest-dwelling reptiles and 14% of arid area reptiles are in danger.
A new study published in the Journal of Marketing finds that requesting customers to rate service professionals first can lead to smaller tips, whereas asking customers to tip first does not influence subsequent rating scores. This research has important implications for firms and managers, suggesting that they should consider asking c...
Researchers found that noisy jackdaws use a 'democratic' decision-making process to coordinate their daily takeoffs, relying on the intensity of calls to achieve consensus. The findings suggest that changes in calling intensity serve as a reliable source of information for synchronization.
Hannah Williams, a movement ecologist, will conduct her research at the University of Konstanz's CASCB with a 1.6 million Euro grant. Her project aims to decipher animal movement patterns and develop an Optimal Movement Theory.
Researcher Jundong Li aims to improve machine recommendations and predictions based on cause and effect. He develops a suite of algorithms and mathematical models informed by human experience and intuition to find cause-and-effect relationships in big data.
Xie aims to develop algorithms that reflect human domain knowledge and reasoning patterns, increasing trust in machine learning models. He also explores algorithmic fairness, considering multiple perspectives on what's considered fair, to address concerns about biased decision-making.
Researchers used game theory to create models of cooperative and competitive behaviors in multi-agent systems, focusing on distributed online optimization, federated optimization, and static/dynamic games. The findings have potential applications in smart cities, market competition, information security, and drug development.
Researchers used worms to study how hunger signals in the gut communicate with the brain, leading to riskier behavior. The findings suggest that proteins in intestinal cells move dynamically to transmit signals about hunger, driving worms to cross toxic barriers.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham call for more diverse patient groups in clinical trials and practice to ensure representative data collection. The team identifies barriers such as access to technology, disability, language, and cultural requirements that hinder participation.
Scientists have developed a machine learning algorithm that can accurately predict the lifetimes of different battery chemistries using as little as a single cycle of experimental data. The technique could reduce costs and accelerate the development of new battery materials, enabling researchers to quickly evaluate and test multiple ma...
A $66,000 NIH grant will support Karry Weston's two-year study on the lack of breastfeeding in rural Missouri. The goal is to identify cultural factors influencing mothers' decisions, with a focus on improving maternal care in rural communities.
The Save Our Seas Foundation has joined the Shark Conservation Fund to combat overfishing, illegal trade, and habitat destruction threatening shark populations. The partnership aims to conserve shark species, maintain healthy oceans, and address climate change's impact on marine biodiversity.
Using positive language in clinical practice can alter attitudes of both patients and physicians, fostering a relationship focused on shared understanding and collective goals. Language that casts doubt, belittles, or blames patients affects therapeutic relationships by altering patient behaviors.
A new virtual reality (VR) experience is educating children aged 10-12 about bushfires, helping them learn how to be safer in emergencies. The project demonstrates the effectiveness of immersive VR experiences in delivering positive learning outcomes for primary children.
A recent study found that an artificial intelligence-based system improved providers' assessments of bladder cancer patients' response to chemotherapy. The AI tool helped doctors from different specialties and experience levels make more accurate diagnoses, with those in academia showing the greatest gains.
Researchers developed a new decision-support tool to optimize ship channel dredging and disposal activities, considering factors like navigability condition deterioration and economic values. The algorithm weighs input from local professionals and projects costs with interest and inflation included.
A new analysis of 23 studies identified factors influencing birth setting decisions in the US, including safety, media influence, and access to options. The study highlights the importance of building a comprehensive system of high-quality perinatal health for equitable access to all birth settings.
A University of Arkansas professor is developing learning algorithms for building fair decision models in both offline and online learning settings. He will utilize Pearl's Structural Causal Model to analyze causal effects from observational data and propose universal formulations for measuring long-term fairness.
A new study using 50 years of data from the University of Otago's Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health & Development Study found that vaccine resistance is linked to adverse childhood experiences. The research suggests that individuals who develop a history of mistrust during childhood are more likely to become resistant to vaccinations.
Researchers identified two strategies for altering an organisation's environment, structure, strategy, and leadership to achieve digital transformation. By following a path that offers fewer obstacles, businesses can effectively adopt either horizontal or vertical reconfiguration.
Researchers analyzed 3D facial size and shape to quantify sex differences, providing data-driven anatomic guidance for gender-affirming facial surgery. The study shows significant differences in male and female craniofacial features, particularly in brow, jaw, nose, and cheek regions.
Researchers found that framing charitable giving as gifts increases donors' willingness to contribute and actual donations. This strategy makes donors feel psychologically closer to beneficiaries, leading to higher charitable contributions.
A study found that crowdfunding campaigns are most successful when promoted on social media during the first 10 days. The researchers analyzed data from GoFundMe and found that donation patterns follow three phases, with a surge in donations as the goal is approached. However, they also discovered that slacktivism can occur when people...
A new study by researchers from the Annenberg Public Policy Center finds that exposure to alternative health media can affect beliefs about consequential health-care issues like vaccination. After Dr. Mehmet Oz endorsed the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine on a March 2019 episode of “The Dr. Oz Show,” significantly more people in hi...
In a study on cannibalism in poison frog tadpoles, researchers found that relatedness affects aggression levels. Large tadpoles were less aggressive towards their smaller siblings than non-siblings, suggesting they can discriminate between relatives and change behavior accordingly.
A study found that people in Germany and the US prioritize equal access to COVID-19 vaccines worldwide. In contrast, vaccine distribution according to a country's production capacity or free market regulation received little support. The research highlights the public's willingness to share vaccines despite logistical challenges.
A new study found that defense testimony about defendants' adverse childhood experiences can elicit leniency in jurors' sentencing decisions in capital trials. The study suggests that investigating and presenting ACE evidence is critical in eliciting leniency, with sympathy being a key factor in jurors' decisions.
A Spanish national registry study found that over half of diagnosed lung cancer patients undergo biomarker testing, with a significant increase over the last five years. Nearly half of patients with positive test results received targeted treatment.
A recent study by Edith Cowan University highlights the lack of information available to women with a breech presenting baby. Women often feel pressured into having a caesarean section without being fully informed of all options, including vaginal birth and alternative techniques such as moxibustion.
The new NCHRP Guide updates pedestrian analysis methodologies to support safe and sustainable communities. The research team developed new products published in 2022, free to download from the National Academies Press.
Research finds that people from different countries and backgrounds prefer original color compositions in paintings, even those they've never seen before. The study suggests a common biological basis for beauty perception, contradicting cultural background and education.
Scientists developed an AI approach to model and map the Earth's natural features in greater detail and accuracy. The new system can recognise intricate features and aspects of the terrain far beyond traditional methods, generating enhanced-quality environmental maps.
A new study finds that the brain estimates controllability through competition between two parallel learning processes: the actor and the spectator. High levels of stress and anxiety impair people's sense of control, making them believe their actions don't matter.
The International Lipid Expert Panel recommends a step-by-step approach to diagnosing and managing muscle symptoms caused by statins. The 'nocebo/drucebo' effect, where patients experience side effects due to expectation, affects up to 70% of diagnosed statin intolerance cases.
A real-time electronic decision support system helped reduce intensive care unit admissions, improve antibiotic use, and lower overall mortality rates for patients with pneumonia. The study found a 38% decrease in mortality among community hospital patients using the system.
A new study reveals that genes inherited from moms and dads play distinct roles in shaping behavior, with certain cells relying on the mother's copy of a gene to produce essential neurotransmitters. This discovery has implications for understanding how parental genetics may influence behavior and related health conditions.
Worms use cost-benefit calculations to choose between different actions, similar to vertebrates. The study demonstrates that complex decision-making capabilities can be encoded in small biological networks.
A retrospective analysis found that socioeconomically disadvantaged older adults are at a higher risk of decline in function and cognition after an intensive care unit hospitalization. The study highlights the need to prioritize low-income seniors in rehabilitation and recovery efforts after critical illness.
Researchers analyzed user survey data and on-the-ground observations to understand e-scooter use and safety. The study found that older riders were less likely to experience crashes, while helmet use was lower in observed data compared to surveyed users.
New research shows that comprehensive advance care planning effectively improves discussions and documentation, particularly for African American and Hispanic patients. Engaging in ACP conversations empowers patients, meeting them where they are, to make informed decisions about their medical care.
A modeling study suggests that breast cancer overdiagnosis may occur in about 15% of screen-detected cases, rather than the estimated 30%. This could spare around 25,000 women unnecessary treatment. Researchers used data from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium to estimate the rate of overdiagnosis.
The study found that exposure to dogs makes consumers more promotion-focused, while exposure to cats makes them more cautious. This effect persists even in pet-unrelated domains, influencing decision-making and judgment.
Researchers around Christian Schröter and Luis Morelli have discovered that ERK activity pulses every six to seven minutes in living stem cells, encoding differentiation information. This intermittent oscillation is believed to be a morse code-like mechanism that helps stem cells make decisions about fate.
A new study has found that tubal ligation is no more effective than an intrauterine device (IUD) in preventing pregnancies. The six-year analysis of Medi-Cal claims data showed that hormonal IUDs were more effective, while copper IUDs were as effective as tubal ligation in preventing pregnancies.
A study found that COVID-19 patients from high-vulnerability neighborhoods presented with more severe illness and required intensive care, but did not experience higher mortality rates. Researchers suggest policies targeting socially vulnerable neighborhoods to improve access to testing, treatment, and vaccination.
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a new network model to simulate the spread of COVID-19 variants. The study found that a non-linear dependence between variant infectivity and existing strain exists, leading to a more nuanced understanding of disease dynamics.
A Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health study suggests that US elementary schools should only remove masks when local COVID-19 case rates are below a certain threshold to avoid increased transmission. The study provides a framework for school decision-makers to estimate the level of mitigation needed to meet their goals.
A new research model shows that optimistic decision-making leads to healthier circumstances and better access to food. Foraging animals that give mental weight to positive outcomes have an on-the-ground caloric advantage.
The Hastings Center Report examines four key considerations for assessing risk-trade-offs in the pandemic, including education, economies, healthcare, travel, social engagement, and medical countermeasures. The report also challenges traditional notions of advance directives in end-of-life care, proposing a new principle of patient aut...
Researchers found that healthcare providers who validated patients' emotions and explained outcomes led to 73% compliance with palliative care recommendations. Providers also reframed patients' emotions around hope and guilt to optimize quality of life, improving patient compliance.
As people age, their brains allocate more space to accumulated knowledge, making memory retrieval challenging. However, this prior experience can also enhance creativity and decision-making skills.
Chronic pain may lead to changed eating behavior and obesity due to altered brain responses to sugar and fat. Brain scans reveal a smaller nucleus accumbens in patients with chronic pain who experience disrupted satiety signals.
Researchers found that the primary somatosensory cortex, traditionally thought to be a basic sensory center, plays a deeper role in decision-making and facilitates flexible behavior with experience. The study suggests an expanded role for this brain area in adaptive strategies.
Researchers identified Dh31, a signaling molecule released from the fly's gastrointestinal tract, which switches focus from eating to mating. The study provides mechanistic explanation for how Dh31 acts on brain to change motivational drive of critical behaviors.
Research from Thomas Shohfi at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute found that sell-side analyst reports contain more activist-related language and quantitative information months before hedge fund activists announce their ownership. This is associated with greater stock returns for firm shareholders, highlighting the value of traditional ...
A new study found that the CareAlign system was voluntarily adopted by 94% of departments four years after its roll-out. The majority of providers began using it within a week, with over 90% regularly using it within a week.
Researchers developed a new personalized test for monitoring cancer recurrence in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. The MP PCR uses multiple genomic markers to detect disease recurrence sooner, improving treatment strategies and patient stratification.
A study by Portland State University found that only 16 transit-oriented developments across the US were fully affordable to low- and moderate-income households. The research highlights the need for policies and regulations to promote affordable housing in TODs, such as requiring a share of affordable units in public property projects.