Researchers from NUS developed a novel super-hygroscopic material to enhance sweat evaporation and reduce heat stress in personal protective suits. The film brings down the heat index by about 40%, significantly improving thermal comfort for users like healthcare workers.
The team's research uses graphene quantum dots with zwitterionic properties to stabilize Pickering emulsions, allowing for controlled release and improved durability in firefighting operations. This technology holds promise for enhanced oil recovery and drug delivery.
A new study funded by the NIH found that amygdala overgrowth in autism spectrum disorder begins between 6-12 months of age, suggesting early intervention may be effective in reducing symptoms. The study also identified distinct brain growth patterns in infants with Fragile X syndrome.
Researchers discovered a group of neurons in the striatum that encodes information about potential decision-making outcomes, including rewards and penalties. These 'error signals' help the brain adapt to changing circumstances and make impulsive decisions or become paralyzed with indecision.
A research group studied China's water conservation regulations in the northern drylands and found they drove industrial transformation, reducing negative environmental impacts. Adaptive strategies were developed for 12 cities to integrate their development pathways and promote holistic sustainable development through cooperation.
A new framework will help conservation agencies forecast climate change impacts and identify target areas for protection. The project aims to create adaptable portfolios of target sites for biodiversity conservation over time.
A study published in Nature Communications found that male Caspian terns carry the main responsibility for teaching young birds the secrets of migration during their first journey. Young birds always remained close to an adult bird and died if they lost contact, highlighting the importance of experienced adults guiding them to survive.
The study found that a solid state of oskar RNP granules is crucial for localization and function in Drosophila embryos. Genetic engineering resulted in defects when granules were made liquid-like, highlighting the importance of biophysical properties.
A comprehensive review of 38 interventions performed at embryo transfer found that bed rest post-procedure decreased pregnancy rates by 15%. The use of ultrasound guidance and soft catheters increased pregnancy chances by 26% and 12%, respectively. The study calls for more research into promising interventions to optimize IVF success.
A team at Harvard Medical School identified a mechanism that triggers local dopamine release in the brain when acetylcholine binds to axons, not previously known to initiate firing. This finding reveals more about the interaction between acetylcholine and dopamine systems, suggesting a new strategy for treating diseases like Parkinson's.
Researchers have identified a biomarker, TDP-43, detectable in small skin samples of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), allowing for potentially easier diagnosis and early detection. The presence of this protein in the skin of ALS patients is associated with an increased number of fibroblasts with disease marks.
A survey of Finnish dog-owners found that repetitive behaviors like tail-chasing are more common among first-time owners, those living with larger families, and exercising for less than an hour per day. These behaviors were associated with a range of environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors.
Researchers found no evidence that gelada monkeys' hemoglobin provides increased oxygen-carrying capacity, but discovered other physiological adaptations that enable them to thrive at high altitudes. The study sheds light on the mechanisms behind human adaptation and potential treatments for diseases associated with high altitude.
Researchers have solved a key part of the coronal heating problem by merging two previous theories into one. The study used six-dimensional supercomputer simulations to show how turbulence creates magnetic waves that heat the gas in the Sun's atmosphere.
Researchers analyzed two peat cores to discover that higher concentrations of charcoal occurred between 9,000 to 4,000 years ago due to larger forest fires. Mangrove pollen found in the earlier period indicates rising sea levels and increased salt, contributing to dry conditions suitable for massive forest fires.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen suggests that the poison from the sea snail species Conus rolani can function as a painkiller, blocking out pain in mice for an even longer time than morphine. This discovery offers a potential alternative to addictive painkillers like morphine and opioids.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a device that manipulates particles and cells using complex sound waves, enabling selective pairing of individual cells to measure adhesion forces. This technology could lead to personalized medicine by allowing doctors to determine treatment for individual cancer patients.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have created a gas of light particles that can be extremely compressed under certain conditions. This effect is due to the 'fuzziness' of light particles, which allows them to overlap and form a quantum degenerate gas.
Physicists from Cracow-based Institute of Nuclear Physics found that the proton's charm structure might affect our understanding of cosmic neutrinos. Recent LHCb detector measurements support a model with a higher charm quark contribution, which could mislead astronomers about high-energy neutrino origins.
Researchers developed an AI-based computer algorithm that accurately predicted heart health risks based on voice recordings alone, identifying a high biomarker score associated with increased CAD-related events. The study suggests voice technology could be a powerful screening tool in remote healthcare delivery and telehealth.
Researchers at the University of Bristol found that male bottlenose dolphins rely on vocal exchanges, including whistling, to maintain weaker yet vital social relationships. This study supports the social bonding hypothesis and suggests that vocal exchanges can serve a bonding function.
The Virtual WCO-IOF-ESCEO 2022 Congress will feature leading experts on osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and musculoskeletal diseases, with a focus on new clinical research and advances in prevention and patient care. Prestigious awards will also be presented.
Researchers collected hundreds of cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with Diffuse Midline Glioma, tracking changes in cell-free tumor DNA over time. The findings suggest that this method could provide data about tumors sooner than MRIs alone, allowing clinicians to address aggressive brain cancer more effectively.
A new instrument, KART 2.0, measures Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and transplant-related knowledge to identify patients who could benefit from additional education and counselling. The tool was validated in a diverse group of patients with moderate to severe CKD.
Coral reefs in remote areas of the Indian Ocean have shown rapid recovery after a 2015/16 bleaching event. The study found that reefs with intact physical structure and key coral species returned quickly, indicating a high level of resilience to ocean warming.
A recent peer-reviewed study reveals that tropical forests play a vital role in maintaining global climate stability by reducing extreme temperatures and promoting local climate stability. The study finds that the entire world benefits from the band of tropical rainforests, which keep the planet cooler by up to 1 degree Celsius.
Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 continue to produce antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) for up to 3 months, indicating a more durable immune response in those with severe disease. ASC levels are higher in patients with more severe symptoms.
Researchers found that early aspirin treatment helped reduce mortality in patients with moderate COVID-19, particularly for the elderly and those with comorbidities. The study included over 112,000 patients hospitalized with moderate disease severity.
Scientists from Cardiff University have developed a new artificial intelligence method to automate the extraction of information from large collections of museum specimens. The 'image segmentation' method can accurately locate and bound different visual regions on images, allowing for faster and more efficient digitization processes.
The region needs to close its yield gap substantially to reduce rice imports and maintain a surplus for exports. Closing the existing yield gap will require improvements in crop management practices such as fertilizer use, irrigation, nutrient management, and integrated pest management.
Volunteers transcribed 130 years of handwritten rainfall observations, extending the UK's rainfall record back to 1836. The new data provides insights into extreme dry and wet months, as well as recent changes in rainfall due to climate change.
Researchers at Jacobs University have developed a novel method for drug delivery using boron clusters, enabling efficient transport of bioactive substances into cells. The breakthrough has potential applications in overcoming antibiotic resistance and delivering innovative therapeutics, such as peptides and protein-based drugs.
Western scientists advocate for a balanced approach to addressing Russia's government actions, highlighting the potential drawbacks of excluding all Russian scientists. The authors emphasize the importance of maintaining lines of communication and collaboration in advancing global challenges related to science and technology.
A nationwide study found that Black and Hispanic individuals are 41% less likely than white individuals to receive CPR when suffering cardiac arrest in public and 26% less likely at home. The disparity persists regardless of neighborhood income level, suggesting access to training may play a role.
A team of scientists discovered that a disrupted circadian clock gene may contribute to the development of autism spectrum disorder. The study found that deleting the Bmal1 gene in mice led to autistic-like behaviors and cerebellar dysfunction, which were alleviated by mTORC1 inhibition.
A University of Gothenburg study found that IgA antibodies present in the respiratory tract protected healthcare workers from contracting COVID-19. The research, published in the European Journal of Immunology, suggests that these antibodies may play a crucial role in preventing severe illness and hospitalization.
A large-scale registry study found no association between COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and increased risk of preterm birth, growth retardation, or neonatal care. Vaccination was associated with a slightly lower risk of neonatal care and provided protection against COVID-19 for the newborn.
Researchers found that patients infected with the Alpha variant experienced different neurological and emotional symptoms compared to those infected with the original form of SARS-CoV-2. The study suggests that different COVID-19 variants may give rise to distinct long COVID symptoms.
A study published in PLOS Biology found that despite the functional importance of connections between far-reaching brain regions, the actual number of these connections is low. Researchers estimated 2.5 billion long-range axons in the cerebral cortex, but found that only a small percentage directly connected key functional areas.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi's Center for Space Science have discovered high-frequency retrograde vorticity waves in the Sun that move three times faster than predicted by theory. These mysterious waves may be an important puzzle piece in understanding stars.
Researchers have created the Thesan simulation, a cubic volume spanning 300 million light years across, to study cosmic reionization and galaxy formation. The simulation aligns with observations and sheds light on key processes, such as how far light can travel in the early universe.
Researchers developed an approach to measure the orbital angular momentum of intense vortex pulses using photoelectron momentum imaging via strong-field photoionization. They successfully characterized three different OAM modes and proposed a universal scheme for higher OAM detection, with minimal influence on the OAM states.
Researchers have discovered a new type of Fermi arc that appears at low temperatures when the material becomes antiferromagnetic, offering a new path for electronics based on electron spins. The arcs can be switched on and off quickly by applying a magnetic pulse, potentially leading to more efficient information technology.
Researchers discovered that shorter antibiotic courses are associated with fewer antibiotic resistance genes in children, but also found increases in resistance to other antibiotics. The study suggests that treatment duration can impact the microbiome and increase susceptibility to other pathogens.
A new Brazilian database of whole-genome sequences brings diverse genetic information to international databases, shedding light on the genetics of aging and disease in Brazil's elderly population. The study identified over 2 million novel genetic variants, providing insights into the health and well-being of older adults.
Dudley Lamming, a renowned expert in aging research, will present his latest findings on how specific dietary amino acids regulate health and longevity. His research aims to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying aging and potential interventions.
A new digital approach analyzes audience interests across a broad brand ecosystem, identifying non-traditional branding opportunities. The study reveals cross-category insights, including brand-brand and brand-category connections, which help assess co-branding and extension opportunities.
Researchers at EPFL and ETH Zurich propose a rational explanation for the deaths of nine hikers in 1959, attributing their injuries to a small slab avalanche. The team's work was met with intense media attention and criticism from conspiracy theorists before being accepted by the Russian scientific community.
Researchers discovered that by four days after mating, close to 20% of fruit fly sperm proteins are female-derived. Female proteins bind to sperm inside the female, potentially supporting their viability.
Scientists create novel phase-matching strategy to enable wide-tunable deep-UV SHG, covering 111 nm range, and demonstrate its potential in nonlinear optics and photonics applications.
Researchers found that using aspirin within the first day of hospitalization was associated with reduced risk of death from COVID-19 complications. The study analyzed data from over 112,000 patients and found a significant correlation between early aspirin use and lower mortality rates.
Scientists at Osaka University developed a new numerical technique to visualize heat flux at the atomic scale for the first time. The team found that sub-atomic stresses in solid and liquid structures determine the direction of heat flux, enabling more efficient nanoscale manufacturing.
A $4.76 million grant will support the evaluation of TB preventative treatment in six countries. The initiative aims to measure the impact of this life-saving treatment on reducing TB disease and mortality among people living with HIV.
A team led by Professor Charles Gauthier is developing a glycoconjugate vaccine using sugars expressed on the surface of Burkholderia pseudomallei. The vaccine aims to stimulate an immune response and increase its efficacy.
A recent study published in Vaccine found that nearly 90% of healthcare workers accepted COVID-19 vaccines, particularly those serving immigrant communities. The researchers highlight the importance of education and interpersonal communication in influencing vaccine decisions.
Researchers have discovered a significant room temperature third-order nonlinear Hall effect in type-II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4. The effect is stable for several months and has higher contributions from Berry-connection polarizability.
Researchers used a programmable button to page phlebotomists for blood draws, reducing the time it took to diagnose a heart attack by an average of 11 minutes. The study showed a significant reduction in processing times, from 14% faster diagnosis to 2.5-minute shorter blood draws.
A new study found that 48% of patients with subsidized health care insurance reported one or more social risks, with housing instability being the most prevalent. Patients with social risks were twice as likely to report having poor health, despite being demographically similar to those without social risks.
A University of Colorado Boulder study shows that win-wins in environmental management are rare due to real-world complexity. The research highlights the importance of compromise and effective communication between scientists, stakeholders, and policymakers.
A retrospective study found that cases of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease increased since before the COVID-19 pandemic. Late-night meals and higher alcohol intake were identified as independent predictors of developing MAFLD, especially among working-age individuals.