Researchers will follow over 540 children with mild to moderate kidney disease for four years, collecting blood, urine, and genetic samples. The study seeks to refine an existing method to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR), a precise indicator of kidney function.
A study by Daniel A. Hahn found that worker ants in desert carpenter ant colonies store more fat per unit lean mass than lighter ants, leading to a greater proportion of soldiers being stored. This difference in individual-level storage tactics contributes to between-species differences in behavioral development and motivation.
Astrophysicist Saul Perlmutter wins prestigious International Feltrinelli Prize for his groundbreaking research on dark energy and the accelerating expansion of the universe. The prize recognizes Perlmutter's contributions to our understanding of the universe's mysterious force, dark energy.
The Indian government's plan for controlling HIV is not yet fully implemented, and the consequences could be devastating. Experts call for increased access to care and treatment services, as well as strategic knowledge building, to mitigate the social fallout of the epidemic.
A Cornell study discovered that the sound of a word can reveal its grammatical role, affecting how it is processed in sentences. The researchers analyzed the sounds of over 3,000 nouns and verbs to show how phonological typicality influences comprehension.
Researchers developed an infant formula with prebiotic oligosaccharides to reduce atopic dermatitis in high-risk babies. The study found that formula-fed babies showed a significant increase in bifidobacteria and lower incidence of atopic dermatitis compared to those fed standard formulas.
The Rutgers-led research consortium will coordinate four university-based centers to advance efforts in identifying common patterns from numerous information sources. The project aims to develop real-time streaming algorithms to find patterns and relationships in communications, rating sources for reliability and trustworthiness.
The study found that inhaled nitric oxide reduced the risk of chronic lung disease in premature infants by 7.1 percentage points at 36 weeks. Lung disease was also less severe in treated infants, with shorter hospitalizations and less need for mechanical ventilation or oxygen therapy.
Researchers at Rhode Island Hospital are awarded a $665,000 NIH grant to investigate the link between H. pylori bacteria and stomach cancer. The goal is to prevent gastric cancer by identifying a cause that can be prevented.
Researchers have found a significant association between OCD patients and genetic variations on the SLC1A1 gene, which regulates glutamate flow in brain cells. The study suggests that this gene may be a primary candidate for OCD, potentially leading to improved understanding and treatment of the disorder.
A study found that lower estrogen levels, particularly estradiol and its metabolites, are associated with an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. Women with lower estradiol concentrations had a higher odds of developing knee OA.
Researchers found that patients with chronic widespread pain have significantly lower levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 compared to healthy controls. These findings may contribute to the development of new diagnostic tools and treatment approaches for chronic widespread pain.
A new proposal suggests that older, artier applicants with at least one year's work experience would be better suited for a career in medicine. This is due to their ability to understand both themselves and patients better, making them more capable doctors and happier professionals.
A new mathematical method provides a better way to analyze noise by visualizing areas with no sound. Researchers credit this approach for its ability to tease out specific sounds from complex white noise.
Scientists study how African winds, dust conditions influence hurricane birth; use satellite data, weather stations, aircraft to improve hurricane forecasting. Researchers seek answers on hurricane development, air currents, Saharan Air Layer's effect on clouds.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have developed a novel technique to insert genes into the P. falciparum genome, providing valuable information about its virulence and resistance to antimalarial drugs. This breakthrough should significantly speed up research efforts to bring malaria under control.
A radiation-armed robot, CyberKnife with Synchrony system, effectively treats lung tumors within a short treatment period of 1-3 sessions. This technology delivers intense focused x-ray beams, causing tumors to absorb more radiation than conventional radiotherapy, leading to rapid tumor destruction.
Undergraduates at Johns Hopkins University have created a low-cost, portable Braille writing device with no electronic components. The device features six buttons to produce Braille letters and numbers, and can be assembled for $10 each.
The Sagittal Focusing Laue Monochromator device can focus high-energy x-rays with a large divergence, solving a technical challenge in light source scientists. It consists of two thin crystals that diffract the beam horizontally, resulting in higher beam intensity and reduced costs.
New research suggests that sudden, rapid global warming drove the dispersal of early primates from South Asia to Europe and then to North America. The whole event happened within about 25,000 years.
Researchers have designed a new type of luminescent sensor that selectively detects zinc in biomedical imaging. The sensor uses europium and can be applied to scanning techniques such as MRI and luminescence imaging, offering potential for improved imaging depth and non-toxic applications.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute propose a biomimetic model system where molecular motors create spatial order in cytoskeletal filaments, defying basic physical principles. The model suggests that motor activity enhances the tendency for filaments to align and order, even in the presence of constant motion.
A study found that youth-onset type 2 diabetes is associated with a substantially increased risk of end-stage kidney disease and death between 25-55 years old. Participants with early-onset diabetes had a significantly higher incidence rate of kidney disease compared to those with older-onset diabetes.
Researchers are testing remote sensing technology to measure the Earth's water cycle on a small scale, with a focus on soil moisture levels. The goal is to improve crop yields and drought predictions by evaluating the use of various remote sensing devices.
A study found that constant barking in animal shelters can cause physical stress, behavioral responses, and anxiety. New designs, such as individual rooms with access to a play area, have been shown to reduce noise levels and promote social interaction among dogs.
Researchers developed a vaccine using irradiated Listeria monocytogenes bacteria, providing better protection against disease than traditional heat-killed vaccines. The irradiated vaccine retained the ability to activate the immune system through Toll-like receptors, promoting long-term immunity.
A study found that obesity significantly impacts diagnostic imaging quality and diagnosis, leading to misdiagnosis or failed diagnoses. The impact is particularly pronounced on exams requiring radiation exposure, such as CT scans and x-rays.
A study of 18 HIV-positive subjects reveals that HIV in the brain and central nervous system is genetically different from HIV in the blood. A particular mutation in the HIV envelope gene is correlated with cognitive impairment, suggesting a key to understanding and potentially treating HIV dementia.
Researchers developed a gamma-irradiated Listeria monocytogenes vaccine that elicits a strong T-cell response and protects against live challenge. The irradiated bacteria stimulate both adaptive and innate immune systems, providing a promising alternative to traditional vaccines.
Researchers found that combining chemotherapy with radiation therapy after surgery significantly improves survival rates for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. The study showed a median survival time of 18.3 months, compared to the national average of 11 months.
Researchers from the University of Michigan and Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics discovered atomic nitrogen in interstellar gas clouds, suggesting pre-life molecules may be present in comets. This finding sheds new light on the early conditions that led to life on Earth.
A recent study found that cardiac CT scans are useful for excluding coronary disease in selected patients, but may be limited by a high number of nondiagnostic cases. The test can identify significant stenosis with high sensitivity and negative predictive value, suggesting its potential as an alternative to conventional angiography.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered a novel mechanism used by the DNA repair protein, DNA polymerase lambda, to ensure accurate replication and repair of DNA. The protein utilizes an unexpected structure, known as the proline-rich domain, which is critical to its high fidelity despite initial concerns about error rates.
Researchers have improved screening for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among substance users, enabling timely treatment and better recovery from addiction. The study uses the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) to facilitate accurate diagnosis and targeted interventions.
A recent study published in Annals of Surgery found AVELOX to be equally effective as a multi-dose combination therapy for treating intra-abdominal infections, with improved cure rates among hospital-acquired infections. The treatment showed a significantly higher cure rate and better safety profile compared to the standard regimen.
Researchers explore how new data integration affects educational environments and student outcomes, highlighting the need for better oversight and evidence-based practices. The special issue provides a vital research base for best practices in data-driven education.
Researchers found a discrepancy in reported maternal vs paternal relatives with breast cancer, suggesting under-reporting on the paternal side. This could lead to inaccurate family history and missed screenings for breast cancer.
A University of Southern California study found that strength training exercise can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes in overweight teens. Overweight Latino teenage boys who lifted weights twice per week for 16 weeks significantly reduced their insulin resistance, a condition common in obese children and precursor to diabetes.
A new drug, eszopiclone, has been shown to improve sleep quality and reduce daytime napping in elderly patients with insomnia. The study found that eszopiclone significantly reduced wakefulness after sleep had begun and improved sleep efficiency and total sleep time.
Researchers have developed a Google-like system to analyze mammogram images, using principles of information theory and entropy-based indexing. The system reduces processing time for computer-assisted detection systems by one-fourth, allowing for more efficient diagnosis.
A Stanford cardiologist studied the effects of extreme exercise on the hearts of endurance athletes after a four-day ultra-endurance race. He found that even highly fit athletes experience cardiac fatigue under such conditions, with the heart pumping less blood at the end of the race compared to the beginning.
A University of Georgia study found that three-quarters of people prescribed antidepressant drugs receive the medications for a reason not approved by the federal Food and Drug Administration. The researchers called for greater emphasis on evidence-based medicine to ensure greater safety in off-label prescribing.
Researchers at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre have made a critical discovery in T cell development, understanding which molecular sets are required to induce different types of T cells. This finding brings immunologists closer to creating tailored T cell therapy for patients with AIDS or other immune system deficiencies.
Scientists have identified two genes that Wolbachia manipulates when infecting the fruit fly Drosophila simulans, shedding light on the genetic basis of Wolbachia infection. This discovery could lead to the development of genetically modified mosquitoes that can help control malaria transmission.
A study found that carotid stenting significantly reduced depressive symptoms in patients with carotid stenosis. The procedure restored blood flow to the brain, alleviating symptoms of vascular depression.
A new laboratory test can help determine whether patients with a history of venous blood clot are at low risk of developing another blood clot. Patients with low thrombin generation levels, measured by the commercially available test, have a low risk of recurrence, with an estimated 7% likelihood after 4 years.
Researchers at NC State University have characterized the shape of calbindin-D28K, a protein linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The protein's flexibility and ability to bind to caspase-3 may provide insights into developing drugs to halt disease progression.
A study by J. Marshall Shepherd found a significant increase in rainfall in arid cities like Phoenix and Riyadh due to urbanization and human activities. This change has real implications for water resource management, agricultural efficiency and urban planning.
Researchers found crop yields are running at about 50 percent below conclusions drawn from enclosed test conditions, contradicting previous assumptions of increased yield due to CO2 levels. The study highlights the need for changes in production strategies to avoid global food shortages.
Researchers at UCLA develop trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) as a new alternative for controlling seizures in individuals who are resistant to medication or ineligible for surgery. The device uses a brain pacemaker to stimulate the trigeminal nerve, offering a potential advantage over vagus nerve stimulation.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins believe that heat therapy can selectively target and kill cancer cells by disrupting their nuclear protein scaffolding. Preliminary research suggests that this approach could be effective in treating solid tumors, with the goal of improving cure rates.
A team of medical experts has established clinical guidelines to inform the best care for patients with pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators under advisory or recall. The guidelines consider device failure rates, patient dependency, and mortality to guide replacement decisions.
A new analysis shows that digitalis is relatively safe for patients with diastolic heart failure, a condition affecting an estimated 5 million US adults. The study, involving 988 patients, found no overall detrimental effect of digitalis on death or hospitalizations.
Researchers discovered that a balance of low tidal volume and periodic deep inflation, or 'sighs,' is necessary to maintain open lungs while preventing ventilation-induced lung injury. The study found that overdoing 'sighs' can lead to further injury, highlighting the importance of finding an optimal frequency range for deep inflation.
Regular screening of new mothers is crucial to identify women who develop symptoms of postpartum depression throughout the year. Medication, talk therapy, and support groups are effective treatments for this condition.
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has released a landmark scientific report that outlines proven components for successful treatment of drug abusers in the criminal justice system. Effective treatment can save communities money and reduce crime, with studies showing a significant reduction in recidivism rates and arrests.
Researchers found three genes over-expressed in rheumatoid arthritis that varied between identical twin pairs, suggesting environmental factors influence gene expression. The discovery provides insights into the variability of disease symptoms and response to treatment.
A study of Chinese farmers found that Bt cotton's pesticide savings are offset by increased spraying needs, threatening its long-term viability. The GM crop is being reevaluated for remedial actions to address secondary pest problems.
Researchers created a 3D computer simulation to mimic the complex process of reopening collapsed airways. The study found that 'fluid inertia' plays a crucial role in assessing the pressure required to reopen blocked airways, which is essential for preventing lung damage.
Wolfgang Drexler, a Professor at Cardiff University, is recognized for his development of Optical Coherence Tomography technique, leading to diagnosis of retinal diseases and cellular level resolution.