A study led by University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill investigators found that giving daily antiretroviral syrup to breastfeeding infants or treating their HIV-infected mothers with highly active antiretroviral drugs is safe and effective in preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission through breast milk.
Syphilis is experiencing a resurgence in cases, while gonorrhea has become increasingly resistant to treatment, posing significant challenges for public health efforts. New and potentially serious(STDs) like Mycoplasma genitalium have also been identified as emerging threats.
A study of 20,000 young drivers found that risky behaviors like speeding and text messaging while driving significantly increase the risk of crashes. Young drivers who engage in these behaviors, even with good safety knowledge, are more likely to crash.
A study published in JBC found that mice with defective mitochondrial protein MCLK1 lived longer and aged slower than normal mice. Despite high levels of oxidative stress, their inefficient mitochondria produced less energy and fewer oxygen radicals, accumulating less damage over time.
A study by UCLA and Rutgers neuroscientists found that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can accurately predict a person's mental task, such as reading words aloud or counting tones. The research suggests that brain patterns are similar across healthy individuals, allowing for predictions on new people.
A landmark study finds that treatment with either of two standard antiviral drug therapies is safe and offers the best way for people infected with hepatitis C to prevent liver scarring, organ failure and death. The study showed that treating patients in early or less advanced stages of the disease leads to higher success rates.
SRI International was chosen to lead three research and development centers in the NCI's Chemical Biology Consortium program. The goal of the program is to discover and develop new cancer therapeutics against novel molecular and genetic targets.
A new study found that inhaling linalool, a key ingredient in aromatherapy, can alter gene activity and blood chemistry to reduce stress levels. The study also showed that linalool returned stress-elevated levels of immune cells to near-normal levels.
Two areas of thunderstorms in the Caribbean are moving into the eastern Atlantic and southeastern Bahamas, but a low chance of development exists. The National Hurricane Center reports less than 30 percent chance of tropical formation within the next 48 hours.
A new study from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia has found that eliminating a specific cell receptor, CAR, prevents infection by a common virus that causes serious diseases in humans. The researchers used genetically engineered mice to demonstrate the critical role of CAR in coxsackievirus infections.
Gellman is leading a research team to create solid surfaces that can select between 'left-handed' and 'right-handed' versions of complex molecules, improving efficiency in chemical processes. The goal is to control chemical reactions to yield only the desired product, reducing waste and environmental impact.
Researchers have measured the largest effects of parity violation in an atom, using ytterbium-174 isotopes and detecting a hundred times larger effect than previous measurements in cesium atoms. The discovery promises significant advances in studying weak forces in the nucleus.
The Foot & Ankle Specialist journal has been accepted for inclusion in the MEDLINE database, providing researchers and clinicians with improved access to high-quality studies on foot and ankle treatments. This acceptance aims to enhance the dissemination of techniques and advancements in foot and ankle care.
Researchers found SIV-infected African wild chimpanzees died prematurely and developed hallmarks of HIV-1 infection, contradicting previous assumption that infected primates wouldn't develop AIDS. Yerkes contributed key comparative data on SIV-infected and uninfected sooty mangabeys, shedding light on mechanisms behind natural immunity.
A new method for capturing CO2 from flue gas has been developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The approach uses ionic liquids as a solvent to separate carbon dioxide from its source, overcoming the shortcomings of existing methods, such as non-selectivity and corrosiveness.
Research by Nansook Park and Christopher Peterson highlights the importance of experiencing positive emotions, having close interpersonal relationships, and finding meaning in life. The authors suggest that psychology has made progress in understanding human problems but still lacks a formula for achieving a good life.
A new treatment method, Vesselplasty, has been shown to reduce pain and improve mobility in patients with vertebral compression fractures. The study, which included 29 patients, found significant improvements in pain scores and mobility, with no clinical complications reported.
Researchers from the University of Cincinnati have found evidence that ancient Maya people deliberately conserved forest resources. The team discovered that when they abandoned their forest conservation practices, it led to the downfall of the Maya culture due to soil erosion and loss of water retention.
Scientists develop environmentally friendly process for producing biodiesel from chicken feather meal, generating up to 593 million gallons annually. The process also produces high-grade animal feed and nitrogen-rich fertilizer, reducing waste and increasing renewable energy production.
Early exposure to airborne ultrafine particulate matter in infancy has been linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma later in life. This study found that infant inhalation of ultrafine air pollution caused genetic defects leading to dysfunctional proteins and permanent changes in immune responses.
A new study by University of Liverpool researchers suggests that children born to mothers taking sodium valproate during pregnancy may have lower IQ scores. The research found a correlation between exposure to the medication and cognitive function in young children.
Purdue University researchers have developed magnetically responsive gold nanostars that can be used to enhance contrast in biomedical imaging. The nanostars can be made to twinkle at precise frequencies, allowing them to stand out from noisy backgrounds and improving the clarity of images.
Neuroscientists have pinpointed the brain's MT+ area as responsible for processing 3-D motion. The region encodes two types of cues from moving objects, including binocular disparity and retinal motion, to create a 3-D perception.
The individual health insurance market is failing consumers, with 73% unable to purchase a plan due to high premiums. Adults with individual coverage face significant out-of-pocket costs and premium expenses, with half spending 10% or more of their income on these costs.
Healthy women pregnant with twins should gain between 37-54 pounds for optimal growth before birth and healthier mothers throughout pregnancy. The new guidelines are based on a woman's prepregnancy body mass index and aim to reduce premature, low-birth-weight births and neonatal morbidity.
A study by researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine has identified a peptide called humanin that improves insulin action and lowers blood glucose levels in diabetic rodents. Humanin also protects nerve cells from death associated with Alzheimer's and other brain diseases.
Researchers at Tufts University have created skin-like tissues using human embryonic stem cells, which can be used to treat oral and skin conditions. The breakthrough uses three-dimensional tissue engineering techniques to mimic the growth environment of human skin.
Researchers have identified 60 new microRNA genes in planarians that may play a role in regeneration. Additionally, they discovered millions of piRNAs, which are essential for genome stability and likely function similarly to mammals.
African American men are avoiding disease screening due to concerns that it may threaten their masculinity. The study found that they view being sexually active as an important component of their notion of masculinity, and health-seeking behaviors can interfere with this.
Researchers developed a cell phone microscope, CellScope, that captures color images of malaria parasites and tuberculosis bacteria labeled with fluorescent markers. The system uses compact microscope lenses attached to a cell phone and achieves a spatial resolution of 1.2 micrometers, comparable to standard light microscopes.
A new study suggests that preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) may increase the risk of weight gain and memory decline in adulthood. The research used a mouse model to examine the effects of blastomere biopsy on fetal, neonatal, and adult development.
A new study by Wake Forest University School of Medicine reveals that 83% of undergraduate college students in the United States reported being exposed to secondhand smoke at least once in the past week. The study found correlations between exposure and demographics, lifestyle habits, and smoking behaviors.
Berkeley Lab researchers produced non-toxic magnesium oxide nanocrystals that emit bright blue light, which could be used in bio-imaging or solid-state lighting. The nanocrystals also have the potential to play a role in long-term storage of carbon dioxide, a key technology for mitigating global warming.
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that California's horned lizard diverged into at least three new species when it moved north from Baja California. The findings provide clarity for conservation actions to follow, highlighting the importance of integrating genetic, anatomical and ecological in...
Genetic analysis reveals Australian Aborigines originated from south Asia, tracing back to Indian populations with exclusive mutations. This discovery supports archeological evidence of human occupation in Australia dating back to approximately 45 thousand years ago.
A study found that men who exercised regularly, drank moderately, didn't smoke, were not overweight, and followed a healthy diet had a lower lifetime risk of heart failure. The remaining lifetime risk was approximately 2-4% higher in men with hypertension compared to those without.
Researchers linked the Disc1 gene to schizophrenia, showing that its disruption affects brain cell migration and development. The study suggests that impaired brain connectivity may contribute to the disease.
A Scripps-led study reveals that improving ocean health can accelerate coral reef recovery after bleaching events. Corals from reefs with clean water and abundant sea life bounced back to normal growth rates within two to three years.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that fecal incontinence significantly impacts patients' quality of life, affecting lifestyle, coping behavior, depression, and embarrassment. The results show that over 22% of patients experience severe QOL effects due to FI.
Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered that microcrystalline cellulose can partially replace silica as a reinforcing filler in tire manufacture, decreasing energy required and costs. The new material shows comparable traction on cold or wet pavement and provides higher fuel efficiency than traditional tires in hot weather.
A nationwide study found a significant rise in rock climbing-related injuries, with over 40,000 patients treated between 1990 and 2007. The majority of injuries were falls from heights above 20 feet, which increased the risk of hospitalization by 10 times.
A new epigenetic model suggests that environmental factors play a significant role in shaping disease risk and heritability. The study provides a theoretical foundation for future public health interventions to reduce genetic risk by limiting or eliminating epigenetic changes.
University of Missouri researchers extracted starch grains from 4,000-year-old gourds and squashes, revealing the types of foods consumed at feasts. The findings provide the earliest evidence of algarrobo and arrowroot consumption in Peru.
A national survey of US surgeons found that women are more likely to postpone childbearing or not have children due to work demands. The study suggests that flexible work schedules and on-site childcare facilities could help attract and retain female surgeons.
A large abdominal wall lipoma caused bowel obstruction in a patient with Proteus syndrome. Excision of the lipoma improved bowel passage and reduced symptoms. The treatment was successful, allowing the patient to continue medical treatment on an outpatient basis.
Researchers identified three cases of likely HIV transmission to infants via pre-chewed food, suggesting caution for HIV-positive caregivers. The study highlights the need for more data and education on culturally sensitive issues related to infant feeding practices.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have discovered a mutated gene linked to restless legs syndrome, affecting 5-11% of the population. The study suggests that this genetic mutation may be a key factor in understanding the condition, which causes unpleasant sensations in the legs at rest.
A study of 83,882 young adult women found that adopting six low-risk lifestyle factors was independently associated with lower risk of developing high blood pressure. The combination of normal BMI, daily vigorous exercise, DASH-style diet, modest alcohol intake, and folic acid supplementation resulted in an 80% lower risk of hypertension.
A study found that 41% of minimally conscious state patients were misdiagnosed as vegetative state, highlighting the need for standardized assessments. The use of a sensitive neurobehavioral scale can help reduce diagnostic errors and uncertainty.
The study found that winter chill in California will decline by up to 80% by the end of the century, making many tree crops unsuitable for growing. Growers may need to develop new tree cultivars and management strategies to mitigate the impact of reduced winter chill.
The study reveals the atomic structure of the hepatitis E protein shell, which could lead to new ways to stop the virus. Researchers have identified potential sites on the model for designing drugs that can interrupt the binding process and prevent the virus from attaching to cell receptors.
Researchers identify dysfunction in neural circuits of the brain that may contribute to the development of anorexia. Childhood personality traits and perfectionism are also found to be predisposing factors.
The NIMH is launching a large-scale research project to explore the effectiveness of early and aggressive treatment in reducing symptoms of chronic schizophrenia. The Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode (RAISE) project aims to develop and test interventions that incorporate diverse treatment approaches and are tailored to i...
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have developed a drug-dispensing contact lens that can gradually release medication to the eye. The prototype lens dispensed antibiotic ciprofloxacin for up to 30 days in laboratory testing, with potential applications in conditions like glaucoma and dry-eye.
The model system will help understand causes of myelin-related conditions, such as diabetic neuropathy and multiple sclerosis. Researchers plan to use the new model to explore origins of diabetic neuropathy and test new drug therapies.
Scientists at the University of Tennessee have found that a single mutation in the Bub1 gene can lead to an increased risk of pregnancy loss and disorders such as Down Syndrome. The study suggests that the mutation affects fertility and increases with maternal age, highlighting a potential genetic link to these conditions.
A new technique detects HIV early and monitors its development without refrigeration, making it more accessible in sub-Saharan Africa. The study found a strong correlation between viral load values in plasma and dried blood spots, paving the way for a new testing approach.
Researchers aim to develop an optimal early intervention strategy to treat first episode psychosis, reducing disability and mortality. The Recovery After Initial Schizophrenic Episode (RAISE) study will test culturally appropriate interventions in community-based sites.
A recent study by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences found that children exposed to high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban areas had lower full-scale and verbal IQ scores compared to less exposed children. The effects were similar to those seen with low-level lead exposure.
Scripps Research scientists discover a new drug tafamidis that significantly halts disease progression for patients with Transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy. The drug targets protein misfolding, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for this rare inherited disease.