The University of Nebraska-Lincoln materials engineers developed exceptionally thin polyacrilonitrile nanofibers that are both strong and tough. This breakthrough could lead to lighter, safer products in various fields, including aerospace and body armor.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive test for diagnosing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more advanced form of NAFLD. The phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) technique shows fair diagnostic accuracy for NASH and could improve clinical procedures.
Researchers found that sunlit snow is a major source of atmospheric bromine in the Arctic, purging pollutants and destroying ozone. The loss of sea ice could disrupt this delicate balance and have extreme effects on atmospheric chemistry.
Researchers have designed a low-cost, long-life battery that can regulate natural fluctuations in solar and wind energy. The new battery uses lithium and sulfur molecules and has excellent energy-storage performance through over 2,000 charges and discharges.
Research at EB 2013 suggests that mushrooms can aid in weight loss and maintenance, while also providing a rich source of nutrients. Additionally, mushroom consumption has been linked to improved vitamin D levels and enhanced immune function.
Researchers propose a more complex biological oxygen cycle on early Earth, with sulfur isotope signals persisting in ocean sediments long after oxygen accumulation. This 'memory effect' could blur dating of the Great Oxidation Event and provide new insights into early life.
Researchers developed phase shift nanoemulsions that produce tiny microbubbles, which accumulate in tumors and amplify the effects of ultrasound. This reduces treatment time and power needed to destroy tumor tissue by over half, showing promise for improving cancer therapy.
Researchers have found that the menin protein suppresses signaling in the Hedgehog pathway in endocrine organs, leading to increased cell proliferation. Inhibiting this pathway using drugs reduces tumor growth in an animal model of human MEN1 syndrome.
A multicenter study reveals that mild traumatic brain injury after blast exposure produces inflammation and oxidative stress, similar to disorders of memory processing such as Alzheimer's disease. Gene activity patterns akin to neurodegenerative diseases were also observed in the brains of rats exposed to a shock tube.
The Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound marks a significant milestone in the field, focusing on translational and clinical research. This open-access journal aims to accelerate the adoption of therapeutic ultrasound as a clinical tool for treating various medical disorders.
Scientists have identified key motor behaviors and interventions that can help non-verbal autistic children learn to speak. Motor mimicking behavior plays a crucial role in language development, and picture exchange training has shown promising results.
Researchers have identified a structure deviation in microglia cells, allowing for their visualization and behavior study. This breakthrough enables the monitoring of microglia function over time in rats and mice, with potential applications in studying Parkinson's disease and stroke.
Researchers have found that oceanic volcanic rocks contain samples of recycled crust dating back to the Archean era 2.5 billion years ago. The sulfur isotopes in these rocks indicate a chemical interaction with UV radiation that stopped occurring after the Great Oxidation Event.
A new study by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania found that deep brain stimulation can curb binge eating in obese animals, leading to weight loss and improved glucose sensitivity. The therapy targets the dopamine type-2 receptor, providing therapeutic relief for obesity-related behaviors.
A recent study found that nearly all children and teenagers with differentiated thyroid cancer due to radiation have responded favorably to treatment, with 64% in complete remission. The findings suggest victims of recent nuclear accidents like Fukushima may face a lower risk of developing advanced-stage thyroid cancer.
Research by Zhiyong Yang at UT Arlington finds that early, substantive dialogue with parents about tobacco and alcohol use is more effective in shaping teen behavior than advertising or peer pressure. The study also highlights the importance of positive parenting strategies over negative reinforcement techniques.
A new study from Northwestern University suggests that personalized PSA testing can help reduce the number of men who undergo unnecessary biopsies. Genetic correction of PSA levels using genetic variants has been shown to change the outcome for 17 men, and could potentially prevent 15-20% of prostate biopsies annually.
Researchers propose that white dwarf stars can support habitable planets, allowing for detection of biomarkers like oxygen and methane. The James Webb Space Telescope will be capable of detecting these signs after only a few hours of observation time.
Long waits for insurance authorization are wasting thousands of hours of physician time, as most requests are granted. ERs have become de facto psych wards due to inadequate insurance coverage and reimbursement issues.
Researchers have gained a clearer insight into how protein components work together to transport antibiotics from cells, which could aid the development of 'pump blockers' to combat antibiotic resistance.
Researchers found that fetuin-B plays a crucial role in regulating the hardening of the zona pellucida, ensuring fertilization capacity. The discovery has potential therapeutic implications for infertility treatment.
Scientists at UC Santa Barbara have identified Auger recombination as the mechanism behind the LED 'droop' phenomenon, a drop in light produced when a higher current is applied. This discovery is expected to lead to new ways to design LEDs with significantly higher light emission efficiencies.
A new study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that medical interns spend an average of only 12 percent of their time at the bedside, with nearly as much time spent walking and caring for patients. The researchers argue that this amount of time is insufficient to provide optimal patient care and learning opportunities.
Research from Yale University and University of Connecticut found whole egg consumption improves cholesterol profiles and reduces cardiovascular risk in individuals with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome. High-protein breakfasts also promote satiety and weight management in overweight adolescents.
Researchers have discovered a virus that can selectively infect and kill human melanoma cells, leaving normal cells unharmed. This breakthrough offers new hope for treating the deadliest form of skin cancer, which has seen a tripling of incidence over three decades.
Researchers have discovered a new approach to weight loss by blocking blood vessels in fat tissue, leading to a significant reduction in fat mass. The study found that mice who received the cancer drug Sunitinib lost an average of 70% of their fat mass, with no impact on lean body mass.
A new study reveals that white potato consumption is positively associated with an increase in potassium intake among adults and children. Potassium deficiency is a public health concern, affecting 97% of Americans, and the study suggests that white potatoes can help address this issue.
Patients undergoing nonvascular surgery with beta-blockers on the day of or after surgery had significantly lower rates of 30-day mortality and cardiac morbidity, according to a study published in JAMA. Beta-blocker exposure was associated with lower mortality risk, especially in patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors.
A study found that a Mediterranean diet causes a decrease in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. Each individual has a unique microbial profile, like a fingerprint, which remains true even after diet manipulation.
Researchers studied baby sea turtles and a flipper-driven robot to understand movement on sand. They found that flexible wrists allow for effective locomotion by minimizing material yielding, reducing drag from belly friction.
A new study found that menus displaying the minutes of brisk walking needed to burn food calories led to fewer calories ordered and consumed compared to menus without calorie labels. The study, conducted by Texas Christian University researchers, suggests a more effective strategy for encouraging reduced calorie intake in restaurants.
A study estimating 32 million people in the US have used psychedelics reveals a widespread prevalence, particularly among young adults. Psychedelic use has remained relatively stable since the 1960s, with no significant increase or decrease over time.
A new UC Berkeley study suggests that morality plays a significant role in shaping our perception of money, with those who perceive money as 'tainted' viewing it as having less purchasing power. The research findings also shed light on why people avoid ill-gotten gains and the psychology behind socially responsible investing.
A total of 90 species are recognized from the Indo-Malayan and Palearctic realms, with 71 described as new species. The discovery greatly expands knowledge of the genus Oxyscelio, a parasitic wasp family.
Researchers at Aalto University have developed a new fatigue model that enables the creation of lighter structures, leading to more energy-efficient ships. The study's findings can be used to improve the design of various welded steel structures, predicting fatigue endurance more accurately and utilizing materials more efficiently.
A new study by Ilana Gershon found that American college students tend to focus on the medium used for a breakup, rather than justifying why it ended. The research reveals a cultural preference for emphasizing the process of ending relationships over exploring underlying reasons.
A study by UK experts found that the alcohol industry submitted policies in line with their interests, ignoring evidence-based approaches. The authors warn of conflicts between commercial and public interests, potentially compromising population health.
A team of researchers from Stephen F. Austin State University has confirmed that the Neches River rose-mallow is a unique species using genetic fingerprint analyses. The plant's DNA profile shows distinct differences from other related species, making it eligible for government-funded restoration efforts.
A study of 406 patients found that male athletes, particularly those who engage in sports like basketball and tennis, are at a higher risk of Achilles tendon ruptures. The majority of these injuries occur during sporting activities, and delayed diagnosis can lead to poorer outcomes. Orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons emphasize the imp...
Researchers from Saint Louis University and the University of Toronto have decoded the western painted turtle's genome, revealing genes that may be key to managing human health disorders such as stroke and heart attack. The study also identified genes that could lead to the development of safer anesthetics for human patients.
A specific form of vitamin E supplement can accelerate heart health benefits after quitting smoking. Smokers who took the gamma-tocopherol form showed a 19% greater drop in cardiovascular disease risk and improved vascular function.
A study reviewed 12,101 patients to assess the accuracy of patient history, clinical examination, and sonography in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy. Transvaginal sonography is identified as the single best diagnostic method for evaluating suspected ectopic pregnancy.
Long-term exposure to air pollution may accelerate atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Fine particulate air pollution was found to be associated with faster thickening of the inner two layers of the common carotid artery.
A new study published in NEJM finds that sofosbuvir achieves a response rate of 93% for genotype 2 and 61% for genotype 3 patients. This represents a significant improvement over traditional interferon-based treatments, which often have limited efficacy in these patient populations.
A new pathway has been identified that enhances tamoxifen's effectiveness in treating basal-like breast cancer, a subtype resistant to treatment. The discovery involves targeting Cdc42 protein to restore normal function of c-Cbl and improve cancer cell death.
Researchers found that current costs of forest conservation are low, but future agricultural yields could increase dramatically, rendering financial incentives ineffective. This threatens the long-term viability of conservation programs in tropical developing countries.
Researchers from Michigan State University found that people's visual biases change when surrounded by members of their own group, perceiving threats as less serious. The study shows that having a group or coalition reduces the perceived distance of potential threats.
Advaita, a Wayne State University startup, is participating in the new Michigan I-Corps program to turn its biotechnology innovation into commercial opportunities. The company aims to streamline drug-discovery methods, saving time and money for academia and pharmaceutical industries.
A research team at Cornell University developed an algorithm that enables virtual creatures to evolve and learn to walk. The creatures' squishy, muscle-like features adapt through generations of evolution, creating counterintuitive designs that surpass human-engineered robots.
Between 2000-2008, 6,920 youths were injured due to firearms, resulting in 17 fatalities, highlighting the need for increased focus on preventing pediatric firearm injuries.
A UC Riverside engineer is exploring a nearly century-old manufacturing technique to strengthen tiny titanium-based medical devices, which could lead to significant improvements in their performance and reliability. The technique, known as gas nitriding, involves heating the device in a nitrogen atmosphere to increase its strength.
A 2,000-year climate record reveals a long-term cooling trend that ended in the 19th century, reversing with global warming since then. The study aggregates proxy data from various sources, including tree rings and lake sediments, to provide insights into natural factors driving climate change.
During the April 2011 tornado disaster, neurosurgeons at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center treated patients with spinal cord injuries, most of which were limited to the thoracic and lumbar regions. The authors highlight the importance of disaster preparedness in treating such injuries.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg found that Instagram users often upload many pictures from museums during visits, showing effort behind posts. The study indicates that smartphones have changed our way of sharing experiences, moving from physical documentation to digital sharing.
Researchers at Norwich BioScience Institutes discovered a novel way in which certain gut bacteria can inactivate Salmonella, a foodborne pathogen. The study found that cell contact between good and bad bacteria is necessary for this process to occur.
Researchers found that infants who sweat less in response to scary situations at age 1 show more physical and verbal aggression at age 3. The study suggests a possible early indicator of aggressive behavior in children.
New research reveals microwave tomography can effectively monitor breast cancer treatment, identifying shrinking tumors and guiding timely treatment changes. This non-invasive imaging technique is low-cost, easy to repeat, and unaffected by factors like body mass index or age.
Researchers reconstructed modern Europe's genetic history using ancient DNA from skeletons in central Germany, revealing dramatic migrations and a mysterious genetic turnover around 4000-5000 years ago. The study provides a high-resolution record of human DNA evolution over 4000 years, shedding light on the demographic history of Europe.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have created new semiconductor devices using zinc oxide (ZnO), including efficient ultraviolet (UV) lasers and LED devices. These devices can be used in sensors and drinking water treatment, among other applications.
Researchers at South Dakota School of Mines and Technology have successfully split water molecules at low temperatures, paving the way for sustainable hydrogen energy. The team's high-temperature thermochemical process can exponentially double hydrogen atoms, creating a sustainable amount of hydrogen regeneration.