A new technique using environmental DNA from snow samples has been developed to improve the tracking of rare carnivores. This method outperforms traditional lab techniques in detecting genetic samples and reduces errors in species identification.
A team of scientists found that herbivory has a complex relationship with plant diversity, but is crucial for maintaining biodiversity when dominant species are present. In some grasslands, herbivores help regulate the growth of fast-growing plants and promote smaller, slower-growing species.
Scientists at the National Eye Institute have found that neurons in the superior colliculus are key players in allowing us to detect visual objects and events. The findings show that a specific population of neurons directly cause a behavior, and a mathematical model can predict behavior based on these neurons.
Researchers used big data from human medical studies and physics approaches to develop novel anti-aging therapeutics and biomarkers of aging. The strategy involves analyzing data from large biobanks and applying concepts from complex dynamic systems to predict biological age, aging rate, and potential targets for therapies.
Researchers at Hiroshima University have developed a biocontainment strategy to safely control the spread of genetically modified cyanobacteria. By engineering microalgae to depend on a specific nutrient, they prevent its survival outside of a controlled environment.
Researchers discovered an enzymatic reaction cascade generating the essential 6-membered ring in mupirocin production. The finding builds on earlier research and could lead to the development of new antibiotics with improved properties.
A new study highlights the previously underexplored consequence of wake effects from upwind wind farms on downwind neighbors' energy production. The research demonstrates that these effects are measurable and predictable yet remain largely unaccounted for in current U.S. property law.
A new candidate HIV vaccine from Scripps Research stimulates a powerful anti-HIV antibody response in animal tests, overcoming technical hurdles that stymied previous vaccine efforts. The vaccine strategy is based on the HIV envelope protein, Env, and uses a simple method to stabilize Env proteins in the desired shape.
Researchers from the University of Eastern Finland used postal code area data to assess treatment outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients. The study found that lower educational attainment levels in postal code areas were associated with higher long-term blood glucose values, indicating a need for targeted health care services.
Researchers used AI to analyze imaging data from patients who underwent contrast-enhanced MRI exams and found that low-dose images yielded significant information, suggesting a potential method to reduce gadolinium dose. The study's findings demonstrate the algorithm's ability to approximate full-dose images without contrast agent use.
Researchers found that complex adaptive systems with self-organizing processes and low population densities can lead to sustainable resource use. Freedom of movement and an ethos of sharing are key conditions necessary for successful sharing.
A study of 4,500 US children aged 9-10 found an overall frequency of eating disorder diagnoses at 1.4%, with no significant differences between girls and boys. The prevalence of specific disorders varied, including anorexia nervosa (0.1%), binge-eating disorder (0.6%), and other specified feeding and eating disorders (0.7%).
A team of scientists conducted over 2,000 surveys of chirping frog calls to define the Atlantic Coast leopard frog's range and characteristics. The study resulted in the first field-verified range map for the species, living primarily in coastal plains from Connecticut to northern North Carolina.
Researchers analyzed evolutionary relationships among hemipteroid insects, revealing diversification around the Carboniferous period. The placement of Psocodea in the tree remains unresolved.
Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center present promising results on CAR T-cell therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. The studies show potential for improved outcomes and increased survival rates for patients with difficult-to-treat blood cancers.
A new study from the University of Michigan found that children can distinguish between willing and coerced apologies. Parents are advised to help their child learn empathy for the victim before forcing an apology. This approach ensures a sincere apology and maintains a positive relationship.
The Sunset Crater volcano in Arizona, USA experienced a highly explosive sub-Plinian eruption with pyroclastic fall deposits, lava flows, and associated effects on pre-historic inhabitants. The eruption is considered one of the most explosive monogenetic eruptions studied to date.
Researchers investigate methods to improve science communication, including conveying uncertainty in policy analysis and large-scale social challenges. The study highlights the importance of addressing misinformation and faulty communication in fostering public trust in the scientific enterprise.
A new study found that left gastric artery embolization, a weight loss procedure, not only reduces body fat but also leads to significant muscle mass loss. The researchers emphasized the need for proper nutritional counseling after the procedure to mitigate this risk.
Implementing a national pharmacare program in 2020 would require $9.7 billion in public funding, resulting in $13.5 billion in savings to the private sector. The authors suggest using a mix of federal revenue sources, including small increases in personal and corporate taxes.
Researchers develop method to identify tumor-specific factors in blood that can elicit a protective immune response, potentially leading to an effective vaccine against cancer. The technique relies on peptide arrays and frameshift mutations, which have been shown to be more effective stimulators of immune response than point mutations.
Researchers analyzed data from over 500,000 children, finding a significant association between obesity and increased asthma incidence. Obesity was identified as a modest risk factor for asthma, with 23-27% of new cases directly attributable to obesity.
A global report by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance shows that childhood physical inactivity is a pervasive public health problem affecting children worldwide. The report grades 49 countries on their physical activity levels, revealing that excessive screen time and urbanization are major contributors to this issue.
Researchers created high-quality 3D digital representations of plant structures to answer questions about taxonomic classification, wind pollination, and seed production. The technique has the potential to revolutionize botany education and inform macroevolutionary studies, highlighting the beauty of grass flowers.
Scientists at Linköping University create a new type of living electrode by embedding Shewanella oneidensis bacteria into conducting polymers, resulting in a significant increase in electron flow and current output. The technology has potential applications in environmental sensors and bioelectronics.
A recent study from UC Davis identifies a healthy personality prototype, characterized by low neuroticism and high openness to feelings, warmth, positive emotions, and agreeable straightforwardness. Individuals with healthy personalities tend to be better adjusted, with higher self-esteem and lower aggression.
Researchers developed a stick-on sensor that measures vital signs to help first responders quickly triage, treat, and transport injured patients. The VitalTag system provides real-time monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, and other metrics, enabling improved situational awareness and resource management.
Scientists discovered that the Atlantic Ocean's connection to the global thermohaline circulation occurred at a climatic tipping point around 59 million years ago. This enabled a more efficient distribution of heat over the planet, marking the end of a long-term cooling phase and the beginning of a new greenhouse period.
A new study reveals that Plasmodium falciparum parasites can directly convert from their asexual to sexual form without an additional replication cycle, increasing the parasite's survival and transmission capabilities. This finding provides important information on the malaria parasite's lifecycle and its transmission to mosquitoes.
Researchers at City University of Hong Kong have developed a novel strategy to create high-strength alloys that are also extremely ductile and flexible. The breakthrough solution involves massive precipitation of nanoscale particles, solving the critical issue of the strength-ductility trade-off dilemma.
E. coli's KdpFABC transport system uses a unique combination of pore and transporter to import potassium ions into the cell, blurring the boundaries between passive transport and active transport complexes. This discovery challenges the long-held dogma that these two systems are mutually exclusive.
A study analyzing health data for over 500,000 children in the US suggests that obesity is a likely cause of approximately one-fourth of asthma cases in children who are obese. The research found that nearly 1 million cases of childhood asthma may be preventable by maintaining a healthy weight.
Research highlights the importance of experiential learning in financial socialization, suggesting that parents give children real-world experience with money to help prepare them for adulthood. Parents can provide this experience through various means, such as regular allowances or rewarding good grades with cash, and should start ear...
Researchers have identified a genetic change common to 80% of human melanomas and developed a molecule that targets this change. The molecule binds to melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) on the surface of melanoma cells, allowing for imaging and potential therapy delivery.
Researchers fully described the mechanism of fungal luminescence, utilizing four key enzymes to produce light. They also created an entirely new molecular instrument for biotechnology by engineering a yeast strain that glows in the dark.
The study explores the Yanshan Movement's impact on eastern China's Jurassic stratigraphy, indicating a southward subduction of the Siberian Plate. The region experienced significant uplift during the Late Triassic period and underwent changes in biological assemblages.
Researchers found that the Peace-Athabasca Delta has been drying since the 1970s, significantly reducing muskrat habitat and leading to a decline in the species. The study used satellite imagery to track changes in water levels and revealed a 32% loss of suitable muskrat habitat over 46 years.
Researchers at Penn State have discovered that citrate, a natural product found in bones and citrus fruit, can fuel bone healing by providing extra energy for stem cells. This understanding will help develop slow-release biomaterials to speed up bone repair and reduce inflammation.
A new Danish study from Aarhus University found that girls' pubertal milestones, such as breast development and acne, are occurring 3 months earlier than those of their mothers. Boys also reached several puberty benchmarks 6 months to a year earlier than in previous studies
New research predicts a significant rise in the frequency and intensity of powerful storms in Europe and North America due to climate change. The study, led by Dr. Matt Hawcroft, projects a threefold increase in extreme precipitation events by the end of the century.
A RIT researcher is developing new signal processing solutions to improve data analysis efficiency and reliability. The project aims to reduce the impact of faulty measurements in complex sensing systems by creating algorithms that can detect and mitigate corrupted data.
Researchers created Knomics-Biota to analyze metagenomic data, identifying bacteria types, proportions, and beneficial substances. The platform allows users to visualize results and compare data with thousands of other samples, facilitating international collaborations in microbiome analysis.
Researchers have discovered a new central enzyme in the steroid biosynthesis pathway, challenging long-held evolutionary views. The finding has potential applications for controlling toxic algae and parasitic infections in aquaculture.
Researchers at Imperial College London have created a rapid prototyping method for intricate electrode patterns, allowing devices to sense and measure biological molecules more efficiently. This method enables community labs and hackspaces to design and develop analytical devices in days, not weeks or months.
Researchers at KAUST developed a device that can capture its own weight in water from fresh air and release it when warmed by sunlight. The device uses deliquescent salt and a polymer hydrogel to absorb moisture from the air, which is then released continuously with the help of carbon nanotubes.
Tropical Cyclone 33W, known as Usagi, weakened to a depression after landfall near Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The satellite captured its disorganized remnants dissipating over the Ca Mau Peninsula on November 26, 2018.
The UC3M and Álava Engineers have created a professorship to encourage research in computer vision, focusing on image capture and analysis. The joint project will develop applications for offline and online image processing using various technologies.
A new study proposes a three-step strategy to replace animal proteins with plant-sourced proteins to meet climate targets. The approach aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the risk of overshooting temperature goals.
Research from the Abramson Cancer Center presents findings on CAR T combinations, timing of therapy, and patient access. Studies evaluate effectiveness in multiple myeloma patients, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients, and lymphoma patients with high-risk profiles.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that intermittent fasting has no advantage over conventional calorie restriction diets for weight loss and improved health outcomes. The HELENA study, which followed 150 overweight participants for a year, showed similar results for both dietary methods in ter...
Researchers at Lancaster University and other institutions found LGB students are more likely to experience self-harm and suicidal thoughts due to low self-esteem. The study highlights the need for targeted support and prevention efforts in universities and public policy to address discrimination and improve acceptance of LGB individuals.
New research published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that trazadone is associated with a comparable risk of falls and major osteoporotic fractures to atypical antipsychotics. This finding challenges the assumption that trazodone is a safer alternative for treating behavioral symptoms in seniors with dementia.
Research found that lung disease, including restrictive and obstructive conditions, is associated with a greater risk of developing dementia. The study analyzed data from over 14,000 participants and found that low lung function was linked to an increased risk of dementia.
Researchers estimate that soil can retain about 600 billion metric tons of carbon, more than twice the amount added to the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution. This pathway relies on water dissolving organic carbon and transporting it deep into the soil, where it is bound to minerals.
Researchers at RCSI are developing six prototypes to remove Contaminants of Emerging Concerns from drinking water and wastewater in rural India. The project aims to provide clean drinking water to 2.1 billion people without access to safe sources.
Research using actual income numbers from two generations of Australians found that family structure matters when it comes to income mobility. The study estimated the intergenerational elasticity of income in Australia at 0.4, indicating a moderate level of income advantage or disadvantage being transferred across generations.
A recent study found that high blood pressure affects around 19% of Indian adults, with diabetes being a major risk factor. Screening for hypertension should start at age 18-19 and include education on healthy lifestyles to prevent the condition.
Researchers at Osaka University have discovered the structure of Gip1, a protein that sequesters G proteins to block signaling processes. The unique molecular bonding arrangement allows interactions with G proteins, providing a better understanding of their mechanism.
A recent study by Hokkaido University scientists investigates the impact of organic compounds from seawater on atmospheric aerosols and cloud formation. The research found that sea spray aerosols contain a larger proportion of humic-like substances, which can suppress cloud formation.
Research from the Sea Around Us initiative reveals that fishing companies could have increased profits by $50 million and $3-9.1 million by adopting sustainable fishing practices for menhaden and anchoveta stocks, respectively.