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Science News Archive December 2019 - Page 35


Page 35 of 36

New clues about the origins of familial forms of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Researchers made progress in understanding protein conformation and accumulation in familial ALS, a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1-3 individuals per 100,000. The study sheds light on the interaction between normal and mutant Sod1 proteins, revealing misfolding as a central problem in ALS.

SourceInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (INBEB)·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 2, 2019

Program to address opioid prescribing for lung, head and neck cancer patients

The University of Illinois Chicago has received a $300,000 grant to develop a screening process for prescribing opioids and managing opioid use disorders in cancer patients. More than 70% of cancer patients who receive radiation treatment use opiates, with higher rates seen in those receiving chemotherapy or having head and neck cancer.

SourceUniversity of Illinois Chicago·DateDec 2, 2019
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

New study reveals how ancient Puerto Ricans cooked

Researchers used clumped isotope geochemistry to analyze fossilized clam shells and reconstruct ancient cooking techniques. The study found that the majority of clams were heated to temperatures greater than 100°C, but not greater than 200°C.

SourceUniversity of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science·JournalScience Advances·DateDec 2, 2019

Discovery of an unusual protein

Researchers have identified a novel protein involved in the anammox process, which converts ammonium and nitric oxide to hydrazine. This protein has a unique four-amino-acid structure that was overlooked in previous studies.

SourceMax Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·DateDec 2, 2019
CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock

CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock simplifies serious desks with 18 ports for high-speed storage, monitors, and instruments across Mac and PC setups.

In hunted rainforests, termites lose their dominance

A study by Rice ecologists found that termites lose their dominance in hunted areas of an African forest, with a 170-fold decrease in abundance. Termites play crucial roles as ecosystem engineers and food sources for other organisms, highlighting the cascading impacts of megafauna loss.

SourceRice University·JournalBiological Conservation·DateDec 2, 2019

New membrane technology to boost water purification and energy storage

Imperial College London scientists have developed a new type of membrane that can improve water purification and battery energy storage efforts. The new approach uses low-cost plastic membranes with many tiny hydrophilic pores, making them more selective and efficient than current technology.

SourceImperial College London·JournalNature Materials·DateDec 2, 2019

Malaria deaths could be reduced thanks to Warwick engineers

Researchers at the University of Warwick have developed a novel bednet design with a barrier that can significantly improve its performance and reduce insecticide use. The barrier design has been shown to be 100% effective in protecting against malaria-transmitting mosquitoes, restoring the efficiency of bednets in Africa.

SourceUniversity of Warwick·JournalNature Microbiology·DateDec 2, 2019
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

Revealed: The deadly superbugs lurking in more than 9 in 10 make-up bags

A new study from Aston University reveals that over 9 in 10 make-up products are contaminated with potentially life-threatening superbugs like E.coli and Staphylococci. Beauty blender products, particularly, are found to have high levels of harmful bacteria, highlighting the need for consumers to wash them regularly.

SourceAston University·JournalJournal of Applied Microbiology·DateDec 2, 2019

Exposure to e-cigarette vapor fails to induce pneumonia in mouse models

Researchers found no link between e-cigarette vapor and pneumonia in mouse models, contrary to earlier concerns about vaping's health risks. However, e-cigarette vapor did alter gene expression of pneumococcus bacteria, which may impact immune response.

SourceAmerican Society for Microbiology·JournalApplied and Environmental Microbiology·DateDec 2, 2019

Reflecting on photos helps young cancer survivors regain confidence

A new study suggests that retelling their story through photography can significantly increase self-esteem and self-efficacy in young cancer survivors. The Framed Portrait Experience intervention integrates therapeutic photography and re-enactment therapy to empower participants to express emotions connected to their illness.

SourceUniversity of Houston·JournalJournal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology·DateDec 2, 2019
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4)

Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4) runs demanding GIS, imaging, and annotation workflows on the go for surveys, briefings, and lab notebooks.

The neurobiological basis of gender dysphoria

Recent research suggests that gender dysphoria may be caused by altered activity in the distress, social behavior, and body-ownership networks. This new theory challenges the existing understanding of the condition.

SourceSociety for Neuroscience·JournaleNeuro·DateDec 2, 2019

Helping machines perceive some laws of physics

Researchers at MIT have developed a model called ADEPT that demonstrates an understanding of basic intuitive physics. The model observes objects moving in scenes and makes predictions based on their underlying physics, registering levels of surprise when they deviate from expectations.

SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·DateDec 2, 2019

Genomic gymnastics help sorghum plant survive drought

Researchers have discovered how the sorghum plant exercises exquisite control over its genome to survive harsh conditions. The study reveals that the plant modulates the expression of tens of thousands of genes in response to drought stress, with changes occurring within a week of water scarcity.

SourceUniversity of California - Berkeley·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 2, 2019
Creality K1 Max 3D Printer

Creality K1 Max 3D Printer rapidly prototypes brackets, adapters, and fixtures for instruments and classroom demonstrations at large build volume.

New consortium aims to transform the treatment of pain

Researchers at Harvard Medical School have launched a project to develop preclinical drug candidates that selectively block nociceptor activity, offering an alternative to opioid-based medications. The STOP PAIN consortium combines experimental and AI-driven approaches to address the critical public health need for new pain treatments.

SourceHarvard Medical School·DateDec 2, 2019

Transregional research center examines the formation of Earth

The German Research Foundation funds a joint Collaborative Research Center between Freie Universität Berlin and Münster University to investigate the formation of terrestrial planets. The center aims to ascertain conditions necessary for life-sustaining planets like Earth and develop a comprehensive model by 2023.

SourceUniversity of Münster·DateDec 2, 2019
Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C)

Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C) keeps Macs, tablets, and meters powered during extended observing runs and remote surveys.

Study highlights 'worrying' increase in misuse of non-opioid medications

A recent study highlights a 'worrying' increase in misuse of gabapentin and baclofen medications in the US, coinciding with a decline in opioid prescriptions. The analysis found significant rises in intentional suspected suicide attempts and hospital admissions related to these non-opioid medications.

SourceTaylor & Francis Group·JournalClinical Toxicology·DateDec 2, 2019

Tiny woodlands are more important than previously thought

Researchers found that small forest remnants on farmland can store more carbon in the topsoil layer and host fewer ticks than larger forests. These tiny woodlands also provide benefits for roe deer populations and offer a lower risk of contracting tick-borne diseases.

SourceStockholm University·JournalJournal of Applied Ecology·DateDec 2, 2019

A new offensive against Alzheimer's disease

Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh are using advanced MRI technology to study the connection between small vessel disease and Alzheimer's disease, aiming to identify new prevention and treatment targets. The team will visualize cerebrospinal fluid flow in real-time, shedding light on pathways linking SVD and CSF clearance.

SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh·DateDec 2, 2019
Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only) delivers reliable low-light performance and rugged build for astrophotography, lab documentation, and field expeditions.

Endometriosis could be treated with cancer drug, study suggests

Researchers found that dichloroacetate treatment lowered lactate production and stopped abnormal cell growth in women with endometriosis. The study suggests a new non-hormonal treatment option for the condition, which affects millions of women worldwide.

SourceUniversity of Edinburgh·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 2, 2019

Inland waterbodies in China

Researchers reestimated China's inland waterbodies using satellite images from 1984-2015, finding a 0.2-1.5 times increase in surface area and 0.3-1.5 times higher numbers of larger waterbodies than previous estimates.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 2, 2019

A lifeline for leaky lung cells

Researchers at Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering developed an AAV-based gene therapy that targets leaky lung cells by overexpressing the CD98hc protein. This approach shows great promise in reducing vascular leakage and improving lung function, offering a new hope for treating pulmonary edema.

SourceWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard·JournalAPL Bioengineering·DateDec 2, 2019

Brush your teeth to protect the heart

A nationwide cohort study in Korea found that frequent tooth brushing reduced the risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure by 10% and 12%, respectively. The study suggests a potential mechanism: reducing bacteria in the subgingival biofilm, which can prevent translocation to the bloodstream.

SourceEuropean Society of Cardiology·JournalEuropean Journal of Preventive Cardiology·DateDec 2, 2019

New index maps relationships between poverty and accessibility in Brazil

Researchers at Trinity College Dublin developed a new spatial index to measure the connections between poverty and poor accessibility in Brazil. The mapping tool identifies areas where people face extreme difficulties in accessing healthcare, with 1 in 5 people traveling over 10km by non-motorized transport to reach a facility.

SourceTrinity College Dublin·JournalJournal of Transport Geography·DateDec 2, 2019
AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope

AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope supports teaching labs and QA checks with LED illumination, mechanical stage, and included 5MP camera.

Study shows importance of Quality of Life scores as prognostic factors in cancer patients

A meta-analysis of 44 clinical trials found that patient-reported outcomes are significantly associated with overall survival, confirming their importance as prognostic factors. This study aims to improve patient care by providing clinicians with valuable insights into cancer patients' needs and concerns.

SourceEuropean Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer·JournalThe Lancet Oncology·DateDec 2, 2019

Drone images show Greenland ice sheet becoming more unstable as it fractures

Researchers use drones to observe fracture formation on Greenland Ice Sheet, finding that meltwater causes formation of new fractures and expansion of dormant ones. The study shows how these chain reactions can trigger catastrophic lake drainages, with significant effects on the ice sheet's instability.

SourceUniversity of Cambridge·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 2, 2019

Researchers find clue to preventing addiction relapse

A study published in Neuropsychopharmacology found that targeting cell populations in the nucleus accumbens can prevent addiction relapse. Researchers used chemogenetic receptors to control activity in this brain region, successfully reducing relapse behavior in high-risk rats.

SourceUniversity of Washington School of Medicine/UW Medicine·JournalNeuropsychopharmacology·DateDec 2, 2019

Researchers discover new way to split and sum photons with silicon

Scientists have found a way to pair silicon with organic molecules to transfer energy between them, improving efficiency in converting light into electricity. This breakthrough has implications for information storage, solar energy conversion and medical imaging applications.

SourceUniversity of Texas at Austin·JournalNature Chemistry·DateDec 2, 2019

New technique visually depicts how cancer cells grow and spread in colon tissue

Researchers at Duke University Medical Center developed a new technique to visualize how pre-cancerous stem cells spread throughout the colon, illuminating key differences in their growth patterns. The study found that newborns are more sensitive to mutations, leading to rapid field cancerization and increased cancer risk.

SourceDuke University Medical Center·JournalNature Communications·DateDec 2, 2019
Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach

Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach provides rugged GNSS navigation, satellite messaging, and SOS for backcountry geology and climate field teams.

When laser beams meet plasma: New data addresses gap in fusion research

Researchers at the University of Rochester have directly demonstrated how laser beams modify plasma conditions, affecting energy transfer in fusion experiments. This breakthrough validates a longstanding theory and improves predictive capability for integrated implosion simulations.

SourceUniversity of Rochester·JournalNature Physics·DateDec 2, 2019

A close look at a sticky situation

New research published in PNAS finds the missing link between soft surface adhesion and the roughness of the hard surface it touches. The study reveals that small-scale roughness can create more surface area for soft materials to grip, explaining predicted adhesion behavior.

SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 2, 2019

Bushmeat may breed deadly bacteria

Researchers analyzed bushmeat samples from Tanzania's Serengeti National Park and found 27 different groups of bacteria, including those causing anthrax, brucellosis, and Q fever. The team identified a high prevalence of Clostridial species, which cause diseases like botulism and tetanus.

SourcePenn State·JournalScientific Reports·DateDec 2, 2019
Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter

Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter measures wind, temperature, and humidity in real time for site assessments, aviation checks, and safety briefings.

Controlling the optical properties of solids with acoustic waves

Researchers have successfully controlled the optical properties of semiconductors using acoustic waves at room temperature. This breakthrough enables the dynamical manipulation of excitonic properties at high speed, opening up new avenues for applications such as acousto-optic devices and sensor technology.

SourceEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne·JournalScience Advances·DateDec 2, 2019

Climate science and climate change

Researchers propose scaling up international initiatives to pool human and computational resources, accelerating climate modeling advancements. This approach aims to better understand regional climate systems, ultimately informing effective climate change mitigation strategies.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 2, 2019

Improving tuberculosis screening in remote areas

The TB TRIAGE+ project aims to improve early access to diagnosis and treatment for tuberculosis patients in remote areas by assessing novel active case finding strategies. A large-scale cluster-randomized clinical trial will test automated chest x-ray analysis and blood marker triage tests, aiming to reduce diagnostic costs.

SourceSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute·DateDec 2, 2019

A new way to control microbial metabolism

Researchers develop method to induce bacteria to switch between pathways at different times, optimizing production without human intervention. This approach boosts microbial yields by up to tenfold for two different products.

SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 2, 2019

1940s blood samples reveal historical spread of malaria

A new study reveals that malaria parasites sourced from 1940s blood-stained microscope slides originated from Europe, with genetic similarities to modern strains found in the Americas. The research sheds light on the historical spread of Plasmodium vivax malaria and its potential for drug resistance.

SourceUniversity College London·JournalMolecular Biology and Evolution·DateDec 2, 2019
DJI Air 3 (RC-N2)

DJI Air 3 (RC-N2) captures 4K mapping passes and environmental surveys with dual cameras, long flight time, and omnidirectional obstacle sensing.

Climate change and human activities threatens picky penguins

Research reveals that gentoo penguins adapted to a diet of fish and squid, while chinstrap penguins continued to eat krill exclusively, making them more susceptible to climate change impacts. Human activities since the 1930s have led to significant declines in chinstrap penguin populations.

SourceUniversity of Saskatchewan·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 2, 2019

Marine oxygenation during Snowball Earth

Research suggests oxygenated ocean waters existed during the 'Snowball Earth' ice ages, allowing aerobic eukaryotes to survive. Iron isotope ratios and cerium anomalies in iron formations indicate input from oxygenated meltwater from the ice sheet base.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 2, 2019

Electric power generation and biodiversity

A global study reveals that demand for electric power poses significant threats to biodiversity, particularly in countries where coal is a major energy source. The research suggests shifting to renewable energy sources could mitigate these impacts.

SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 2, 2019
Meta Quest 3 512GB

Meta Quest 3 512GB enables immersive mission planning, terrain rehearsal, and interactive STEM demos with high-resolution mixed-reality experiences.

Käthe Beutler: 'Do something!'

The article sheds light on Käthe Beutler's life, from her early days as a pioneering female doctor in Berlin to her family's perilous emigration from Nazi Germany. Her story highlights the challenges faced by women, particularly Jewish ones, under the National Socialist regime.

SourceMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association·JournalMedizinhistorisches Journal·DateDec 2, 2019

LJI researchers reveal unexpected versatility of an ancient DNA repair factor

Researchers from the La Jolla Institute for Immunology identified a new role for HMCES in alternative end-joining, a secondary strategy used by mammalian cells to rejoin severe cuts across both strands of DNA. This discovery suggests that HMCES is versatile enough to accomplish entirely different tasks in response to DNA damage.

SourceLa Jolla Institute for Immunology·JournalMolecular Cell·DateDec 2, 2019
Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter

Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter is a trusted meter for precise measurements during instrument integration, repairs, and field diagnostics.

Human behaviour follows probabilistic inference patterns

A study published in Nature Communications reveals that humans form mental representations of uncertainty by integrating incomplete sensory evidence into a larger context. Participants predicted the likelihood of future events based on contextual information, demonstrating a refined probabilistic representation of their environment.

SourceUniversitat Pompeu Fabra - Barcelona·JournalNature Communications·DateDec 2, 2019

SLAC scientists invent a way to see attosecond electron motions with an X-ray laser

Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have invented a method called XLEAP to observe electron movements in chemical processes that take place in billionths of a billionth of a second. This technology will provide sharp views of electrons, driving crucial aspects of life and enabling breakthrough studies.

SourceDOE/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory·JournalNature Photonics·DateDec 2, 2019

Satellite imagery shows Typhoon Kammuri's center obscured

Typhoon Kammuri's eye was obscured by a large central dense overcast (CDO) in satellite imagery from NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite. The typhoon is moving westward, with maximum sustained winds of 105 knots, and is expected to strengthen slightly before weakening and dissipating.

SourceNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center·DateDec 2, 2019

Decision-making process becomes visible in the brain

Researchers have mapped zebrafish brain regions involved in decision making, revealing how sensory information is integrated to trigger a behavior. The study uses whole-brain imaging and behavioral paradigms to demonstrate the accumulation of evidence over time.

SourceMax-Planck-Gesellschaft·JournalNature Neuroscience·DateDec 2, 2019
Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply

Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply powers sensors, microcontrollers, and test circuits with programmable rails and stable outputs.

Mechanism that triggers the inflammatory process by Mayaro virus is discovered

A Brazilian team at FAPESP-supported Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases identified the strategy used by immune cells to combat the pathogen Mayaro virus. The study provides a basis for the development of drugs against this disease, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and its role in producing proinflammatory molecules.

SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalPLOS Pathogens·DateDec 2, 2019