Elena Manresa and David Schneider, NYU faculty members, have been awarded Sloan Foundation Research Fellowships for their groundbreaking work in economics and neuroscience. The fellowships recognize their creative leadership and independent research achievements.
An Australian-led team of physicists successfully created sloshing quantum liquids, revealing wavy motion and superfluid properties. The experiment provided insights into the speed of sound and potential effects on superfluidity, shedding light on a promising hybrid light-matter system for ultra-low-energy electronics.
Researchers at USC are developing a virtual mentor platform, CareerFair.ai, using AI to amplify the effects of STEM mentors. The platform aims to improve retention and diversity in STEM fields by providing students with personalized conversations with real-life professionals.
Researchers identified a nontransitive evolutionary sequence in a 1,000-generation yeast experiment. The study found that an evolved clone outcompetes its recent ancestor but loses to a distant ancestor due to multilevel selection acting on both the yeast nuclear genome and an intracellular RNA virus.
Researchers have developed a method to synthesize N-C axially chiral compounds, which have promising applications in medicine and agriculture. The team's breakthrough enables the creation of highly enantioselective syntheses using chiral catalysts, leading to potentially useful compounds with therapeutic properties.
An international team of researchers solved a puzzling phenomenon involving vortex-like structures in the Cold Spray deposition process. The discovery, published in Materials & Design, reveals that these structures form when the CS process has low deposition efficiency, leading to improved adhesion between coatings and substrates.
Burke-Spolaor plans to use the fellowship funding to launch exploratory projects on gravitational waves and fast radio bursts. She aims to expand her work internationally through partnerships with the International Pulsar Timing Array.
A team of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh is developing a new model to predict the risk of human aneurysms, using mechanical testing and biomechanical simulations. They aim to identify patients at high risk of rupture and improve patient prognosis by guiding surgical intervention.
Researchers found that native Russian speakers can precisely predict specific words and grammatical properties of words, with neural network models showing comparable precision. The study also discovered that the neural network predicts low-probability words better than humans and predicts high-probability words worse than humans.
The global polio eradication initiative is facing setbacks due to ongoing outbreaks in Afghanistan and Pakistan, despite significant progress made since 2015. The recent special issue of Risk Analysis evaluates the GPEI strategies and finds that the initiative was off track even before the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted immunization activ...
Scientists at IPC PAS designed a novel solution by accelerating ion transport in narrow pores to charge supercapacitors faster. They presented slit-like pores with sizes slightly larger than ions and achieved promising results through complex computer simulations and experiments.
A team of researchers from Flinders University and the South Australian Museum discovered a new species of skink, Proegernia mikebulli, in the Namba Formation deposits. The fossil, named after Professor Mike Bull, is Australia's oldest known lizard, dating back to 25 million years ago.
A study by researchers at the University of Basel found that regular caffeine intake can change the gray matter of the brain, but these effects are temporary. The study involved 20 healthy young individuals who were given caffeine or placebo tablets for two 10-day periods, with no sleep disruption observed.
Scientists have identified CD161 as a potential new target for immunotherapy of malignant brain tumors, including glioblastoma. The molecule suppresses the cancer-fighting activity of immune T cells, but blocking its pathway enhances the killing of tumor cells and improves survival rates in animal models.
Skeletal muscle plays a key role in regulating body glucose levels and affects fat storage and metabolism. A new study found that Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is crucial for skeletal muscle fat uptake and utilization, leading to obesity and metabolic disease.
A study examined posttraumatic stress symptoms in children and adolescents exposed to major US hurricanes. The results found a significant association between exposure to natural disasters and the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms.
A study involving two participants with sensory impairments reveals that physical embodiment can occur without the sense of touch. Kim and Ian, who cannot feel touch, use visual information to develop a sense of their bodies. Their unconscious body representations differ from those of control subjects.
A recent study in Frontiers in Marine Science reveals the existence of stationary animals attached to a boulder on the sea floor beneath Antarctica's ice shelves. The discovery raises more questions than answers, such as how they got there and what they're eating.
A new tool using machine learning predictive modeling has been developed to predict the success of extubating ICU patients on intensive mechanical ventilation. The study analyzed data from over 1,000 patients and showed a significant reduction in reintubation rate from 9% to 1%.
Scientists at the University of Cambridge have developed a method to communicate with a cloud of 100,000 nuclear quantum bits and sense their behavior using light and an electron. This technique enables the detection of a single quantum bit in the dense cloud with high precision.
Researchers find precordial thump, percussion pacing, and cough CPR have no benefit in saving lives; CPR remains the gold standard for cardiac arrest resuscitation. The study analyzed data from 23 previous studies and concludes that these techniques are not effective either in hospital or outside of it.
A research team from Leibniz-IZW found that water can be a vector for spreading mammalian viruses, with equine herpesviruses (EHV) remaining stable and infectious in water. The study suggests that viral stability in restricted freshwater sources enables their spread among animals, particularly during times of stress and congregation.
A study published in Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that mid-life cardiovascular disease prevention can protect against later dementia. The research suggests that controlling cardiovascular risk factors early on can reduce brain vulnerability to cognitive dysfunction.
A new report in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs found significant increases in marijuana use among California adolescents, especially those in historically low-risk groups. Researchers attribute this to the growing normativity of marijuana use due to legalization.
Engineers at UC San Diego developed a soft, stretchy skin patch that monitors cardiovascular signals and multiple biochemical levels in the human body. The patch tracks blood pressure, glucose, lactate, alcohol, and caffeine levels, providing a comprehensive overview of the wearer's health.
A new study questioned whether pub operators can consistently prevent COVID-19 transmission risks, despite physical and operational modifications. Researchers observed significant risks arising from close customer-staff interaction and intoxication, which were rarely addressed by staff.
Scientists have identified a gene responsible for varying cereal spike forms, offering a possible solution to increasing grain yields. The research focuses on the INT-M/DUB1 gene's ability to regulate meristem activity and determine lateral spikelet formation.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have developed a new technique to discover tiny antibody fragments that can target different parts of a pathogen, making them effective against variants. This approach has the potential to quickly identify multiple potent nanobodies that can neutralize pathogens.
Researchers at the University of Sussex have created the tiniest microchips using graphene and other 2D materials through a process called 'nano-origami'. By crinkling graphene, they demonstrated that it can behave like a transistor, leading to smaller and faster devices.
Research from the Smidt Heart Institute found that women have a lower normal blood pressure range compared to men, with systolic pressures above 110mmHg associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The study's authors recommend reassessing blood pressure guidelines to account for sex differences.
A machine-learning approach has been developed to identify repurposed drugs for COVID-19 treatment in elderly patients. The system accounts for changes in gene expression in lung cells caused by both the disease and aging, pinpointing the protein RIPK1 as a promising target.
Researchers have designed windows with a conjugated polymer layer that absorbs light and guides it to solar cells, generating electricity. The panels are more efficient at converting ambient LED light than direct sunlight.
The US Corn Belt has lost around 35% of its organic-rich A-horizon soil through agricultural erosion, leading to a 6% decline in crop yields and $2.8 billion annual economic losses.
A MU study found that implementing the Re-Engineered Discharge program in mid-Missouri nursing homes improved care coordination and reduced patient rehospitalization rates. The program's gradual training approach led to better implementation of discharge plans, resulting in lower readmission rates.
A study published in Scientific Reports reveals that Neanderthals used the same Nubian Levallois technology as Homo sapiens, pushing the southernmost known range of Neanderthals. The analysis of a fossil tooth and associated archaeological assemblage suggests a mixing ground between populations.
A team of scientists from RUDN University developed a new approach to automatic soil mapping using machine learning technologies. The method, which uses traditional rules for manual mapping, provides highly accurate results and easy-to-interpret maps, outperforming existing statistical models.
A randomized controlled trial found that Congressional offices with targeted support reported increased value of scientific evidence for understanding legislative issues. The intervention group introduced around 23% more bills using research evidence language and reported a 7% greater value of using research evidence compared to controls.
A study found dinosaurs' dispersal coincides with a significant drop in atmospheric CO2 levels around 214 million years ago. This suggests prior climatic barriers prevented their expansion into the Northern Hemisphere for 15 million years.
A study reveals that epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, play a key role in the adaptation of native Peruvians to high altitudes. The findings show that early developmental exposures can have persistent impacts on DNA methylation patterns, leading to improved lung volumes and reduced susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary f...
Excitons can simultaneously show atomic-like and solid-like characteristics, with electrons and holes bound together in an atomic character or moving freely like waves in a solid. This discovery opens up new avenues for manipulating excitonic and materials' properties by light.
Researchers at North Carolina State University found that Campylobacter strains C. coli and C. jejuni exchange genetic material, leading to increased virulence and antibiotic resistance. The study discovered 21 new Campylobacter strains in 2019, indicating a significant increase in the bacteria's drug resistance profile.
Researchers developed a statistical framework to test and quantify adaptation in complex biological systems, enabling prediction of evolutionary outcomes. The new framework allows for rigorous analysis of organism adaptation to their ecological niche, building bridges between mathematics and biology.
Researchers discovered that secondary organic aerosols can form quickly through oxidation of primary organic aerosols in humid conditions. This process may explain the decrease in secondary organic aerosol concentrations between 2013 and 2018.
A new study aims to predict the size and hazard potential of shallow landslides using airborne laser mapping and hillside physics. The model identifies factors affecting landslide size that can't be determined from aerial data, highlighting the need for ground-based assessments.
A new algorithm developed by researchers at the University of Copenhagen can detect unusual disease trajectories in COPD patients that may indicate a different diagnosis, such as lung cancer. The algorithm was trained on data from 284,000 patients and identified approximately 69,000 typical disease trajectories.
Researchers at Graz University of Technology develop a new method of contact discovery that significantly limits privacy threats, using intersection calculations and encryption protocols. The ContactGuard application stores encrypted address book entries on the mobile phone, preventing service providers from accessing sensitive data.
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought additional challenges for pregnant people, new mothers, and their families. A new study found that those who gave birth during the pandemic experienced higher levels of psychological trauma, stress, and isolation due to confusion about hospital protocols and visitor restrictions. The lack of social sup...
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland found that people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) had a higher risk of mortality in procedural units and during follow-up, compared to those without AD. However, elective revascularisation procedures showed similar outcomes for both groups.
Physicists have produced kagome graphene, a carbon-nitrogen compound with unusual electrical properties, including semiconducting behavior that can be switched on and off. The material's unique structure and strong electron interactions could lead to the development of sustainable electronic components.
Researchers found that high levels of antibodies against a specific part of the virus may be key to understanding immune response to COVID-19. Individuals with stronger antibody responses showed immune functions associated with natural protection, offering a promising avenue for vaccine development and effective global rollout.
Researchers found significant distribution disparities in coral reef fish species across trophic groups, with a disproportionate number of planktivores in the IAA. Planktivore species richness was highest near Indonesia and the Solomon Islands, but declined sharply outside the region.
Microplastics have been found in nearly all organisms and habitats worldwide, but the factors contributing to their influx and accumulation in water ecosystems are not yet fully understood. A new study developed a sediment trap method to analyze annual accumulation rates and possible seasonal variation, finding that microplastic flux r...
Researchers found that ivabradine, a heart failure medication, reduces heart rate and improves symptoms associated with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in patients with POTS. The study suggests that ivabradine may be an effective treatment option for COVID-19 long-haulers.
A new study has revealed that alligator hearts are able to maintain a normal rhythm despite extreme temperature changes, unlike mammals which can fibrillate under stress. This unique adaptation comes at the cost of reduced maximum heart rate and increased vulnerability to cardiac arrhythmia.
Research suggests that lower testosterone during puberty increases the brain's sensitivity to it in adulthood. Men with lower testosterone levels throughout puberty showed greater brain activity in areas sensitive to faces when exposed to high levels of testosterone.
New research from Edith Cowan University found that exercise helps men with prostate cancer reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, regardless of the type or intensity of exercise. The study suggests that supervised exercise is more beneficial than unsupervised exercise in reducing psychological distress.
Research published online in the journal Heart found that recreational substance use is associated with a higher likelihood of premature and extremely premature heart disease. Those who use 4 or more substances are 9 times as likely to be affected, with increased risks observed among women.
Researchers at Cardiff University have discovered a unique way to target human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a master at hiding from the immune system. A new type of antibody marks infected cells, allowing the immune system to see and kill them.
A new study finds that current protected areas may not be enough to protect biodiversity in a changing climate. Countries have not fully harnessed the potential of protected areas to adapt to climate change, and instead need to identify lands with high levels of biodiversity in areas where climate is changing slowly.
A new cloud simulation model developed by KAUST researchers captures atmospheric conditions and thermodynamic processes, allowing for more realistic simulation of cloud formation. The model can simulate various cloud types, including cumulonimbus clouds and supercell thunderstorms, with high accuracy.