Pediatric pathologists have discovered a new, aggressive subtype of liver cancer in children, characterized by molecular features that don't fit existing classification models. The tumors are less responsive to chemotherapy and have poor outcomes, prompting the development of a diagnostic algorithm to guide specialized treatment.
A new machine learning tool assesses extinction risk for reptiles with limited data, revealing a higher number of threatened species than previously estimated. The study highlights the need for increased conservation efforts in regions such as Australia, Madagascar, and the Amazon basin.
SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Biology·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateMay 26, 2022
A combination of hormone therapy and pelvic lymph node radiation treatment significantly improved survival rates among patients with postoperative prostate cancer, extending their lives by nearly five years. This study published in The Lancet found that nearly 90% of clinical trial patients remained free from progression for five years.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 130 studies found that asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections account for 14-50% of cases, with a secondary attack rate two-thirds lower in those without symptoms. Asymptomatic individuals are less infectious than symptomatic ones.
A new study describes a troglobitic clam species from northern Brazil, characterized by lack of pigmentation and reduced size. The discovery highlights the importance of conserving fragile subterranean habitats threatened by recently amended laws in Brazil.
Researchers at Yale University have found a new connection between superconductivity and charge density waves, which could lead to the development of room-temperature superconductors. By manipulating charge density waves, scientists may be able to control and alter superconductivity.
A new study found that COVID-19's delta surge led to a significant prevalence of smell and taste loss in approximately 100% of active cases, contradicting self-reports. The loss persists even after mild infections, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine developed a nanoparticle-based inhibitor that successfully triggers the immune system to eliminate brain tumors in mouse models. The approach breaks the shield built by glioma cells around the immune system, allowing the immune cells to attack and delay tumor progression.
Researchers developed a biodegradable, wireless micro-electro-mechanical system for minimally invasive heart monitoring and control. The device eliminates the need for surgical procedures and reduces infection risks compared to traditional implanted devices.
A recent study at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center found that biologic drugs for inflammatory bowel disease may improve the T-cell immune response in patients vaccinated against COVID-19. This could potentially offer protection against severe disease. The study suggests that these treatments may be used to monitor vaccine and booster outcomes.
Nemvaleukin alfa, a new immunotherapy drug, has shown potential in treating late-stage cancers. The drug, used alone or in combination with pembrolizumab, stopped tumor growth or resulted in shrinkage for some patients with advanced kidney and melanoma cancers.
A new study found that most currently and previously pregnant women with hypothyroidism received adequate counseling on thyroid hormone replacement therapy during pregnancy. However, approximately one-third of patients who had never been pregnant received counseling, indicating a gap in care.
A report by Washington State Department of Health and colleagues outlines efforts to develop and advance Foundational Public Health Services (FPHS) in three states: Ohio, Oregon, and Washington. These states are part of PHNCI's 21st Century Learning Community, focused on advancing public health transformation.
A new study by the University of Exeter found that antibiotic-resistant plasmid molecules can spread quickly through bacterial communities, making them more resistant to antibiotics. This raises concerns about the potential for antimicrobial resistance to spread in environmental settings and impact human health.
New research reveals that bottlenose dolphin signature whistles are shaped by the local ocean environment and population demographics, not genetics. In Mediterranean populations, areas with seagrass yielded higher-pitched, shorter signature whistles compared to muddy sea bottoms.
Researchers have discovered deep underground magma containing 8-20 weight percent water, far wetter than previously thought. This find sheds light on the role of water in explosive volcanic eruptions and the formation of economic ore deposits.
Lan Yang, a leading researcher in photonic devices, has been selected for the award due to her exceptional academic achievements. She is recognized as one of the most-cited researchers in her field, with work cited nearly 17,500 times.
Researchers found that neoadjuvant immunotherapy with pembrolizumab significantly shrunk tumors in patients with desmoplastic melanoma, potentially allowing for less extensive surgery and radiation. The study showed a high response rate to treatment, with over half of patients achieving a pathologic complete response.
A new study has discovered that the raw material for evolution is much more abundant in wild animals than previously believed. Researchers found that many populations of birds and mammals can evolve surprisingly fast, with their genetic difference in survival and reproduction being two to four times higher than previously thought.
Infants diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 24 months had differences in visual processing areas of the brain apparent at 6 months old. These early changes could affect further brain development and play a role in ASD symptoms.
Researchers present a 'green' process for tie-dyeing cotton with renewable resources and wastes, linking science, art, and sustainability. The natural dyes used produce designs of white, brown, orange, and bluish-black colors on fabrics.
Two graduate students from Virginia universities selected to receive support through the Office of Science Graduate Student Research program will conduct research at Jefferson Lab. The program provides world-class training and access to state-of-the-art facilities, aiming to prepare students for critical jobs in science and innovation.
A study found that 70% of women who froze eggs at age 38 and thawed had a baby, compared to fewer than 30% undergoing IVF at age 40. Egg freezing resulted in higher pregnancy success rates than using fresh embryos.
Researchers develop targeted delivery system to boost regulatory T cells, which manage inflammation and reduce brain damage. The treatment increases IL2 levels, allowing regulatory T cells to survive and reducing cognitive impairment.
A recent study reveals that 91% of athletes display dysfunctional breathing patterns, which can lead to increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries. The study emphasizes the importance of screening and addressing these patterns through targeted interventions and breathing training protocols.
A study of 195 children revealed severe airway injuries from button battery ingestion, highlighting the urgent need for awareness and prevention. The research underscores the critical importance of educating parents and caregivers on safe handling practices.
Researchers found that hypomethylating agents can activate the SALL4 oncogene in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, resulting in poor survival outcomes. Early intervention targeting SALL4 pathways may improve treatment and patient outcomes.
Researchers have identified unique differences in the visual systems of infants who later develop autism, which are associated with inherited genetic factors. These differences in brain structure and function precede the appearance of autistic symptoms and are related to the severity of autism traits in older siblings.
A global survey of 51 healthcare facilities from 35 countries found that 98% lacked key components of World Health Organization's multimodal improvement strategies for infection prevention and control. The study results will inform refinement of a self-assessment tool to enhance HEH practices globally, reducing healthcare-associated in...
A team of researchers, backed by a $8 million US Department of Defense grant, aims to identify potential treatment options and ways to block brain inflammation caused by repetitive blast exposures. They will use advanced brain imaging and blood sampling to understand the role of neuroinflammation in TBI.
The circular economy faces challenges in implementing international policies due to spatiotemporal dimensions of environmental risk and variability of global policies. The article proposes ways forward for anthropogenic circularity, including controlling toxic releases, international flow of materials, and harmonization of internationa...
A 390-million-year-old fossil vertebrate has been classified as a member of Sarcopterygii, a group of lobe-finned fishes. The discovery sheds new light on the evolutionary history of four-limbed animals and their early ancestors.
Researchers propose a new verifiable searchable symmetric encryption scheme supporting conjunctive keyword queries, enabling both correctness and completeness verifiability without pairing operations. This improves the computational cost in the verification process, making it more efficient.
Researchers use AI software to identify invasive species and native trees threatened by disease from photos taken by on-train cameras. This technology enables railway workers to take action to better manage lineside vegetation and achieve biodiversity net gain by 2035.
Kaiser Permanente researchers present 10 studies on improving cancer care delivery, including strategies to reduce hospitalizations and mortality among older patients. The studies also explore the use of real-world data versus clinical trials in cancer treatment.
The research highlights the importance of social science in engaging people and societies, ensuring a green transition that promotes wellbeing, equity, and fairness. The study suggests that both profound societal change and technical improvements are needed to meet climate goals.
A new antibiotic, cilagicin, has been synthesized at Rockefeller University using computational models of bacterial gene products. The compound works by binding to both molecules in bacterial cell walls, making it resistant to resistance mechanisms. This novel approach to drug discovery may lead to a new generation of antibiotics.
A Swedish study found that rates of adverse events after hip replacement surgery are essentially the same for procedures performed by female and male orthopaedic surgeons. The overall rate of adverse events was lower for THA procedures performed by female surgeons, at 6%, compared to 7% for male surgeons.
The Freeman Hrabowski Scholars Program aims to build a more inclusive scientific workforce by supporting outstanding basic biomedical researchers from underrepresented backgrounds. Each Scholar will receive up to $8.6 million over 10 years, including full salary and benefits.
A recent study found that racial and ethnic minorities in Washington state die from opioid overdose on average between ages 33 to 44, compared to non-Hispanic whites who die at age 45. The gap in years of potential life lost varies among minority groups, with Hispanics experiencing a 6-year difference.
A new study found that unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions for nonhospitalized children resulted in 2.8 million cases of avoidable infections, costing the US at least $74 million. Children prescribed inappropriate antibiotics were up to eight times more likely to develop complications such as diarrhea and skin rashes.
A small protein supplement taken before meals can help people with type 2 diabetes control their blood sugars for two extra hours a day. The study found daily glucose levels were also 0.6 mmol/L lower when taking the supplement.
Florida Atlantic University researcher Reza Azarderakhsh has received a $1 million grant to develop post-quantum cryptography for NextG systems. The project aims to increase the security of everyday connections against future attacks from quantum computers, benefiting both defense and commercial entities.
A small study suggests that maternal psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with changes in the brain of developing fetuses. The study found decreased brain structure and volumetric measures in fetuses from the pandemic cohort compared to the pre-pandemic cohort.
Researchers used cell-free DNA methylation patterns to identify patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who would benefit from chemotherapy before surgery. The approach showed promise in accurately predicting tumor response, with a correct prediction rate of 79%.
The study reveals that the U.S., Brazil, and China are top suppliers of global plastic packaging waste, with North and South America responsible for most production and consumption. The researchers emphasize the need for producers and consumers to share responsibility and costs to reduce plastic use.
A new time-resolved instrument measures circular dichroism changes in fractions of a picosecond, enabling the capture of photoexcited molecules' chirality and conformational motion. This resolves the deactivation mechanism of iron-based spin-crossover complexes, crucial for magnetic data storage.
A new study published in Blood Advances found that virtual frailty assessments are both safe and feasible when conducted virtually. The study evaluated 185 patients with blood cancers who completed a virtual assessment, finding that 81.1% successfully completed the test without falls or safety events.
Researchers found promising new biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in blood tests, but found that comorbidities can increase levels and provide false positive results. The study suggests more research is needed before these tests can be used in clinical settings.
Researchers discovered that chromatin entropy increases during aging, leading to epigenetic dysregulation and cellular senescence. The study found that aberrant expression of placenta-related genes is a key driver of cellular aging.
Several phase 3 studies conducted by Dana-Farber researchers show promising results for patients with multiple myeloma and breast cancer. A novel combination of two experimental cancer immunotherapy agents yields promising results in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma brain tumors.
Scientists at the University of Copenhagen have discovered a new class of highly reactive chemical compounds called hydrotrioxides. Formed during atmospheric decomposition of substances like isoprene and dimethyl sulfide, these compounds are stable enough to react with other atmospheric compounds.
New research reveals that precession played a significant role in driving Northern Hemisphere ice age cycles during the early Pleistocene period. The study suggests that more intense summers caused by precession led to melting of ice sheets, but with less devastating effects before 1 million years ago.
A new study found that COVID-19 restrictions in Italy led to a significant increase in relative mobility over seven months, with people spending more time outside and moving around. The researchers analyzed Facebook and Google data from 20 Italian provinces between November 2020 and May 2021.
Firearm fatalities are now the leading cause of death among US youth, with nearly two-thirds due to homicides. Research funding is urgently needed to address this trend and prevent further deaths.
MD Anderson research highlights new treatments for skin cancers, including novel therapies. The institution also showcased improved goals of care programs, which demonstrated significant reductions in ICU mortality and improved patient outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A recent study found that even tiny marine invertebrates have distinct and diverse microbial communities, called microbiomes. These findings challenge the assumption that closely related animals share similar microbiomes.
A team of researchers has drawn new limits on the existence of long theorized magnetic monopoles by combining cosmic rays with particle accelerators. By re-analyzing data from previous experimental searches, they identified novel limits on monopoles across a wide range of masses.
Researchers at FAU's Schmidt College of Medicine are conducting a two-year study to investigate emergency department-based prevention strategies for high-risk older patients. The project aims to identify effective fall prevention strategies that target limited resources to improve patient outcomes, safety, and reduce healthcare costs.
A team of researchers from the University of Tsukuba has developed a new approach for accurate underwater acoustic positioning in multipath environments. By using a database of signals and selectively removing reflected waves, they achieve centimeter-scale accuracy in object location, even in shallow waters.