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Science News Archive July 2023 - Page 32


Page 32 of 36

New research uncovers potential benefits, consequences of ocean iron fertilization

A new study published in Global Change Biology suggests that large-scale ocean iron fertilization could exacerbate climate change-driven nutrient shortages and productivity losses in the tropics, potentially harming coastal fisheries. The research also showed a five percent decline in fish and marine species biomass in tropical areas d...

SourceBigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences·JournalGlobal Change Biology·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateJul 6, 2023

Interpersonal and structural stigma toward sexual minority youth create mental health challenges, increased suicide risk

A recent study found that LGB youth experience more interpersonal discrimination and are four times more likely to attempt suicide. Structural stigma also plays a significant role in their mental health burden. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions against discrimination and awareness of structural stigma

SourceChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia·JournalJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry·TypeSurvey·DateJul 6, 2023

Two studies report: Perovskite-silicon tandem cells that break the 30% efficiency threshold

Researchers have developed high-performance perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells exceeding 30% power conversion efficiency, overcoming the theoretical limit of silicon solar cells. The new devices enable improved light harvesting and increased energy conversion through optimized spectrum and interfacial modifications.

Laser differential confocal Raman-Brillouin spectrum microscopy

A new microscopy technique combines confocal Raman and Brillouin spectroscopy to analyze multiple dimensions of tissue, including morphology, chemical properties, and mechanical properties. The developed microscope has high spatial resolution and anti-scattering capability, providing clear images and accurate measurements.

An inhomogeneous Dirac cone system gives rise to in-plane chiral Landau levels

Researchers designed a 2D Dirac cone photonic system with inhomogeneous effective mass, creating synthetic gauge fields that interacted with the Dirac degeneracy. This led to the formation of in-plane chiral Landau levels, which are topologically protected and robust against backscattering.

Vaccine candidate prevents diarrhea, improves growth in animal model

A vaccine originally developed to prevent bacteria-caused diarrhea has been found to also help infant nonhuman primates grow faster, according to a new study. The researchers found that vaccinated baby monkeys were taller than the unvaccinated when measured from head to toe, with a significant improvement in growth rate.

SourceOregon Health & Science University·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 6, 2023

Discovery of 500-million-year-old fossil reveals astonishing secrets of tunicate origins

A 500-million-year-old tunicate fossil named Megasiphon thylakos has provided unprecedented insights into the early evolutionary history of this enigmatic group. The fossil's unique morphology and soft tissue preservation suggest that ancestral tunicates were stationary, filter-feeding adults with a non-moving lifestyle.

Creative people enjoy idle time more than others

A University of Arizona study found that creative individuals are more likely to engage with their thoughts during downtime, using association and free-flowing ideas. This allows them to generate innovative concepts and enjoy idle time without feeling bored.

SourceUniversity of Arizona·JournalCreativity Research Journal·TypeObservational study·DateJul 6, 2023

AI finds a way to people’s hearts (literally!)

Researchers developed an AI model that accurately classifies six types of valvular heart disease using chest radiographs, with high accuracy rates. The model's potential applications include supplementing echocardiography in areas where specialists are scarce and improving emergency care.

SourceOsaka Metropolitan University·JournalThe Lancet Digital Health·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 6, 2023

Species lump for the Western Flycatcher; species status for the goshawk of North America; and species splits in several Caribbean birds among 2023 Check-list changes

The AOS released its 64th Supplement to the Check-list of North American Birds, including species lumps for the Western Flycatcher and Caribbean birds, as well as a species split for the Northern Goshawk. Five additional bird species were recognized in the Caribbean due to revised classification.

SourceAmerican Ornithological Society Publications Office·JournalOrnithology·TypeSystematic review·DateJul 6, 2023

Children’s nature drawings reveal a focus on mammals and birds

UK schoolchildren aged 7-11 drew mammals and birds most commonly, with reptiles and amphibians appearing less frequently. The study suggests children's perceptions of local wildlife are skewed towards mammals and birds, hinting at a wider problem of nature disconnect.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS ONE·TypeObservational study·DateJul 5, 2023

Friendly teasing or traumatic bullying? Homophobic name-calling leaves scars

A new study found that homophobic name-calling, even from friends, has a negative impact on teenagers' mental health, including depressive symptoms and decreased sense of belonging. The research highlights the importance of clear anti-bullying policies, teacher education, and supportive interventions to prevent such behavior.

SourceUniversity of Technology Sydney·JournalJournal of School Violence·TypeSurvey·DateJul 5, 2023

Solving the industry's sticky recycling issues

Scientists at the University of Surrey have developed a new degradable adhesive that can dissolve adhesive residue left on recyclable materials, improving recycling processes and product quality. The additive, similar to commercial packaging tape, allows for faster label detachment and reduces environmental impact.

SourceUniversity of Surrey·JournalAngewandte Chemie International Edition·DateJul 5, 2023

Factors associated with learning disabilities and autism led to requests for euthanasia and assisted suicide in the Netherlands, study finds

A study found that people with learning disabilities and autism in the Netherlands chose euthanasia or assisted suicide due to feelings of loneliness, struggling to form friendships, and a lack of resilience. The research highlights the need for individualized support services and an international debate on criteria for euthanasia and ...

SourceKingston University·JournalBJPsych Open·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJul 5, 2023

New study aims to assess bleeding complications in patients undergoing high-risk PCI

The SAFE-MCS study evaluates the safety of complex high-risk PCI using the Impella Heart Pump in conjunction with the Saranas Early Bird Bleed Monitoring System. The primary clinical endpoint is the incidence of access site-related Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type III or V bleeding.

SourceSociety for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions·JournalJournal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions·DateJul 5, 2023

Research led by UW undergrad shows ultrafine air pollution reflects Seattle’s redlining history

A study from the University of Washington found that ultrafine particle exposure is not felt equitably in Seattle, with racial and socioeconomic disparities observed. The research used mobile monitoring to examine long-term average levels of four pollutants, including ultrafine particles, fine particles, and nitrogen dioxide.

SourceUniversity of Washington·JournalEnvironmental Health Perspectives·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJul 5, 2023

An international team identifies the mutations that cause the most frequent congenital heart defects

A new study reveals that biscuspid aortic valve is caused by mutations in the MINDBOMB1 gene, with significant implications for developing alternative treatments to surgery. The research combines genome sequencing and gene editing techniques to analyze the mechanisms of this congenital defect.

SourceCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (F.S.P.)·JournalJAMA Cardiology·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 5, 2023

The time is right to attract new public health workers with evidence-based job descriptions and eye-catching job postings

A new study by Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health provides evidence-based job descriptions and short, attention-grabbing job postings for recruitment. The findings suggest that clear job postings with specific requirements can generate targeted applicants and help attract a diverse candidate pool.

SourceColumbia University's Mailman School of Public Health·JournalJournal of Public Health Management and Practice·DateJul 5, 2023