Researchers developed a novel dual-frequency fiber-array photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) technology, enabling high-resolution imaging of the entire brain and centimeters deep. This innovation overcomes the limitations of conventional PACT systems, allowing for precise functional imaging and metabolism assessment.
Researchers have discovered a complex layering system around phytoplankton cells, with water-repellent substances concentrated near the surface. This finding has significant implications for models of interactions between phytoplankton and bacteria, and could improve our understanding of the oceans' carbon cycle.
Researchers discovered bio-metals in the jaws of ancient sea worms, exhibiting properties like hardness and strain mechanics. The unique materials show similarities to metals but also have distinct mechanical properties.
A study found that nearly half of preterm children did not meet expected attainment levels in writing and maths by age 6-7, while social deprivation and maternal smoking during pregnancy are linked to lower attainment. Strategies to address social inequalities and support preterm children are vital to improve outcomes.
Researchers investigated hantavirus infection's neurological effects, finding that they can be severe and uncommon. The study aims to improve understanding of the pathophysiology, identify therapeutic targets, and develop management guidelines for these manifestations.
Experts recommend implementing safer technologies and modernizing radiation safety standards to reduce preventable radiation exposure and orthopedic injuries. The consensus statement emphasizes the need for mandatory action to prioritize protecting healthcare workers, ensuring a healthy workforce for patients' access to lifesaving care.
A cohort study reveals that colorectal cancer treatment delays are associated with increased metastasis risk. This finding highlights the need for integrated care and tailored benchmarks for treatment initiation to improve timely and equitable care.
AI model improves cardiac MRI interpretation, while immersive VR simulators aid poststroke rehabilitation. Meanwhile, menopause tracking apps offer empowerment but also pose risks due to inaccurate information and targeted marketing.
Researchers found that colossal karst sinkholes help preserve the rare Magnolia aromatica tree while limiting gene flow and diminishing its long-term evolutionary potential. The study suggests that conservation strategies should protect both individual habitats and connections among populations.
The study found associations between mitochondrial heteroplasmy and cardiometabolic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome. Intermediate heteroplasmic mutations were associated with the degree of vascular stenosis and lipid metabolism parameters.
Researchers developed a prototype device that autonomously synchronizes distant qubits using a common source of correlated light particles, confirming a 20-year-old prediction. The approach requires no active control or measurement, making it fully autonomous and potentially boosting quantum technology.
Researchers propose a new perspective on ARDS pathogenesis, arguing that multiple forms of regulated cell death communicate through extensive molecular crosstalk. This crosstalk collectively drives lung inflammation and respiratory failure, highlighting the need for network-based therapeutic strategies.
Researchers are developing an AI-driven controller for hybrid microgrid systems that integrates multiple energy sources and storage systems. The system aims to increase efficiency of electrical grids used for data centers and other mission-critical loads.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) gene signatures can predict prognosis and respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, validating these signatures across different platforms and overcoming ethical concerns hinder their widespread adoption. Integrating multi-omics approaches with liquid biopsy holds promise for personalized therapy,...
Researchers successfully acquired diagnostic X-rays in space, expanding crew health capabilities and paving the way for mission-critical non-medical tasks. The study found that portable X-ray machines are feasible in space, with no significant differences in image quality between pre-flight and inflight images.
A recent study from the University of Cambridge predicts that space launch costs will plummet over the next few years, falling more than 90% by 2040. The cost of sending a kilogram of payload into low Earth orbit is expected to drop from $3,868 last year to as little as $273 per kilo by 2040.
A study published in Anesthesiology found that nerve blocks do not cause nerves to become more sensitive or lead to worse pain after the block wears off. The researchers suggest that rebound pain is caused by the return of surgical pain as the block resolves, rather than hypersensitivity. This finding supports the continued use of nerv...
Researchers discover that emerging tick-borne viruses can escape the human immune system by producing enzymes that remove proteins attached to human proteins, rendering them undetectable. This finding has significant implications for developing a surveillance system to monitor these viruses and potentially mitigating large outbreaks.
A team of scientists has created a method to identify mineral biosignatures on other worlds using Raman spectroscopy. The technique uses machine learning to analyze features of the spectrum, such as band positions and intensities, to determine whether a mineral was formed biologically or abiotically.
A new study from UT San Antonio finds that emergency call takers' word choice can predict depression and anxiety symptoms, while positive expressions are often suppressed in high-stress professions. The research uses natural language processing to evaluate the psychological well-being of a critical but under-researched workforce.
Research by Cornell University found that China's efforts to improve water quality led to a 58% drop in agricultural value added and reduced hiring of agricultural workers in upstream counties
Rocket launch costs have decreased by 21.2% for every doubling of cumulative payload sent to orbit, driven by technological learning. By 2040, costs could reach $300 per kilogram, with SpaceX's Starship potentially pushing costs below $1,000.
Researchers have developed a detector that delivers high sensitivity while operating at ordinary room temperature, using carbon nanotubes and a pyroelectric lithium niobate crystal. The device surpasses earlier graphene-based detectors by several orders of magnitude and offers a broad spectral range without cryogenic cooling.
A study published in PLOS One reveals fluctuations in exclusionary nationalism in prewar Japan through changes in foreign place name writing. Notable turning points coincided with key political events, such as the appointment of a pro-international cooperation Foreign Minister and military coups.
A team of surgeons used robot-assisted stereotactic surgery to treat a patient with multiple deep brain abscesses, achieving complete resolution and rapid neurological recovery. The minimally invasive strategy reduced surgical trauma and accelerated healing.
Researchers mapped the habitat of army cutworm moths to protect grizzly foraging sites from growing backcountry recreation. The moths congregate in high-altitude talus fields that are difficult to access, providing a crucial food source for grizzlies.
A new cancer drug has shown promising results in a mesothelioma trial, controlling disease progression in 67% of patients. The drug targets the cancer's energy system by inhibiting a specific enzyme, causing oxidative stress that kills tumor cells.
Researchers at Terasaki Institute develop a wireless dual-compartment biochemical monitoring platform for real-time tracking of key biomarkers in perfusion fluid and bile during normothermic machine perfusion. The study shows improved interpretation of post-transplant outcomes with combined bile and perfusate data.
A team of astronomers used the James Webb Space Telescope to observe gaseous filaments connecting a galaxy's hot atmosphere to its central supermassive black hole. The observations showed that gas flowed along these filaments and poured into a spinning disk, which feeds the SMBH.
A team of researchers from the University of Cambridge and UC Santa Barbara developed 'adversarial' mathematical systems to map out where AI prediction breaks down. They identified two main reasons why machine learning fails: algorithmic limitations and hidden patterns in complex systems.
Researchers propose using the glucose ketone index (GKI) to track metabolic health in non-communicable diseases, which cause three in four deaths worldwide. The GKI measures blood glucose and ketones and may indicate metabolic state, assess long-term nutritional adherence, and support mitochondrial function improvement.
A European energy system model determines that a uniform benchmark for vehicle charging infrastructure is not optimal, as the cost-optimal level varies by country. Customized targets for EU member states can unlock benefits through smart charging technologies like V1G and V2G.
A novel, two-sided dressing made from sustainable polymers has been developed to deliver antibiotics directly to wounds during critical early stages of infection. The dressing reduces bacterial growth and biofilm formation by over 90%, promoting healing and reducing the risk of treatment failure.
A novel oral vaccine platform using genetically engineered Bifidobacterium could enhance anti-tumor immunity. The results point to potential biomarkers that may help identify patients most likely to benefit from this approach.
The KIMS research team developed a technology that precisely controls the dispersion of PTFE nanoparticles, enabling simultaneous enhancement of hardness, low-friction performance, and wear resistance in silver coatings. This results in a coating that is simultaneously harder, smoother, and more resistant to wear.
A recent clinical trial found that a combination of THC and CBD significantly reduced agitation in people with late-stage dementia. The study, which enrolled 120 participants, showed a 6.27-point reduction in mean agitation scores after 2 weeks and a sustained reduction at 12 weeks.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo have developed a digital manufacturing platform to create patient-specific contact lenses in under 20 minutes. The innovative technology uses custom lens design software and advanced 3D printing combined with a new hydrophilic silicone material, providing precise fit and optical clarity.
Researchers developed a deep Q-network framework to train traffic signals to protect network resilience. The method achieved significant reductions in relative area index (RAI) across various disruption scenarios, indicating improved recovery rates and reduced congestion costs.
The L²-CPI system extends optical microscopy capabilities by capturing data 'on the fly' and retrieving phase information with high precision. This allows for non-destructive inspection of large-scale nanometrology samples, such as wafer defect arrays, with sub-wavelength defect detection.
Researchers analyzed UK Biobank data and found that night-active individuals had higher risks of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders compared to daytime-active individuals. An early-morning-active phenotype was associated with lower MDD risk, while higher physical activity at certain times was linked to adverse outcomes.
Research reveals that drought stress stimulates primary root elongation in plants, allowing them to adapt and survive. The plant hormone abscisic acid plays a crucial role in this process by integrating with other hormonal signals to promote primary root growth.
Research found that night owls consume more energy, carbohydrates, and fats late at night, leading to increased body fat percentage, belly fat, and higher blood sugar. This eating pattern was associated with poorer lipid profiles and less favourable indicators of glucose regulation.
A major international study led by Curtin University found diabetes risk is linked to both excess body fat and poor muscle health, with nearly 15% of people with sarcopenic obesity developing type 2 diabetes within 10 years. Maintaining muscle strength and mass may be as important as managing body weight in assessing diabetes risk.
The study found that dolphins visit two coastal communities along the Sea of Japan, with detection rates occurring once every ten days. The researchers recorded unique whistle characteristics in each bay, suggesting differences in sound environments or animal behavior.
Researchers from KAIST and MIT create a transmissive mid-infrared spatial light modulator that can perform various sensor functions using electrical signals alone. The device has demonstrated stable performance after over 16,700 switching cycles and is expected to enable software-defined sensors with reconfigurable optical hardware.
A recent study has found that vaping and smoking can lead to reduced blood vessel functionality, breathing efficiency, and exercise capacity in young adults. The research, conducted on 75 people aged 18-30, revealed a 15% reduction in fitness compared to those who have never smoked or vaped.
Researchers directly observed four white dwarf stars orbiting double star systems in our cosmic backyard. The new results revealed that each system had a red dwarf companion, which was hiding the white dwarf's light. This discovery allows researchers to update the local white dwarf census within 20 parsecs of Earth.
A KAIST research team analyzed key challenges in commercializing biomanufacturing and proposed an AI-based strategy to address them. The study suggests a phased approach to simplify production processes and expand into high-value markets first.
Pedestrian deaths in New York State show that nearly half involved substance use, leading researchers to call for more public health messaging on walking while under the influence. Substance use is particularly concerning when combined with alcohol, increasing cognitive impairment and neurocognitive deficits.
Researchers have developed an innovative combination treatment strategy that uses cells' waste removal functions to effectively dismantle multiple myeloma. The experimental targeted protein degrader enhances the destruction of a specific cancer cell survival protein and works in tandem with existing drugs, while showing limited toxicity.
Giant kelp forests in Southern California are controlled by how much kelp survives disturbance, rather than its growth rate. Winter storms significantly shape their productivity, with disturbances removing biomass and changing forest recovery abilities.
A new study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease estimates that dementia-related costs across 30 high-income European countries total €221 billion annually. Family caregivers carry a significant portion of this burden, providing an estimated €128 billion in unpaid care.
A UH Mānoa study reveals the Hawaiian mantle plume has gotten hotter, producing two of the largest volcanoes in the Main Hawaiian Island chain. The research found a strong correlation between mantle temperatures and volcano size, with heat surges occurring at 14-20 million years ago and 0-6 million years ago.
Researchers used experimental models to forecast 2025 Texas floods, which killed over 120 people. Models also project increased U.S. thunderstorm threat and severe weather season starts earlier in a warmer climate.
Researchers found that chitosan-functionalized biochar reduced plant-available arsenic by 21.1% and lowered arsenic concentrations in rice grains by 43.1%. The modified biochar continued to reduce arsenic accumulation after six months of natural aging, supporting healthier root development.
A new study identifies five audience 'classes' based on people's perceptions of scientists' credibility, including enthusiasts, optimists, moderates, skeptics, and estranged. Researchers found that public estimates of scientific credibility differ depending on the topic and audience class.
New research reveals biochar's reactive chemistry can slow soil organic carbon decomposition by suppressing enzymes, particularly in acidic soils. The protective effect varies among different soils, with some biochars increasing carbon dioxide emissions.
Researchers from Rutgers University analyzed US insurance claims data to compare the risk of ischemic optic neuropathy among initiators of GLP-1 RAs versus SGLT-2is or DPP-4is. A small increase in risk was observed, but absolute risk remained very low.
A global analysis of 932 observations shows that biochar delivers stronger carbon gains in nitrogen-poor soils and follows different carbon storage pathways depending on soil fertility. Biochar effectiveness varies greatly from one field to another, with the amount of nitrogen already present in soil controlling how much carbon it stores.
A team of wildlife health experts and surgeons from the San Diego Zoo Safari Park and UC San Diego Health performed a groundbreaking mastoidectomy on Mizani, a 12-year-old western lowland gorilla. The procedure successfully treated an infection that had spread into portions of his skull, allowing him to make a full recovery.