Astronomers have imaged and modeled an exceptionally rare supernova that could provide a new way to measure the universe's expansion rate. The supernova, known as SN Winny, is a superluminous stellar explosion 10 billion light-years away and appears five times in the night sky due to gravitational lensing.
A new study found that US newborn hepatitis B virus vaccination rates declined by over 10 percentage points in the last 2 years. This decline reverses 6 years of growth and is aligned with WHO and CDC coverage estimates through 2022.
Researchers found that certain inhalers used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not only less harmful to the environment but can also lead to slightly better patient outcomes. The dry powder inhaler was associated with a 14% lower risk of moderate or severe COPD exacerbations compared to metered-dose inhalers.
A study published in JAMA Neurology found that adhering to healthy dietary patterns, such as the DASH diet, is associated with lower subjective cognitive decline and better cognitive function. The findings highlight the importance of a balanced diet for maintaining long-term brain health.
Researchers are developing an organ-on-a-chip platform to study immune rejection in pig-to-human liver transplantation, addressing a major hurdle in xenotransplantation. The project aims to generate data supporting future preclinical studies and bring xenotransplantation closer to clinical use.
Southwest Research Institute expands manufacturing capabilities to produce safer antidotes to organophosphorus nerve agents and pesticides. The new technique avoids cancer-causing compounds during synthesis of oxime antidotes, supporting kilogram-scale manufacturing for domestic supply and reducing supply chain risks.
A high-fiber diet has been linked to a reduced risk of coronary artery disease in night shift workers. The study, published in the European Journal of Epidemiology, found that consuming more fiber daily can lower the risk, with moderate intake recommended for those working night shifts regularly.
A Canada-wide study using DNA metabarcoding reveals the intricate relationships between cavity-nesting bees and wasps and their food sources. The project, involving over 5000 students, creates detailed maps of these interactions, providing valuable insights into biodiversity and conservation.
A fully integrated robotic platform automates sample identification, loading, measurement, and consumables replacement to significantly shorten catalyst development timelines. The system reduces variability in experimental results by 32% and completes a manual process of 32 days in approximately 17 hours.
A new study found that the US EPA's criminal prosecutions for environmental crimes correlate strongly with a county's socioeconomic status, rather than its level of pollution. Wealthier counties receive 24% more enforcement actions on average, while poorer counties are less likely to be targeted.
A team of researchers applied adaptive-bandwidth kernel density estimation to analyze the latest reversal timing dataset, revealing four distinct dips in the new reversal frequency model following the Cretaceous Normal Superchron. This suggests that short-time-interval geomagnetic reversals may be missing from the compiled record.
The University of Miami business technology department has earned the top research productivity ranking in information systems, driven by exceptional faculty and research performance. The department's No. 1 national ranking reflects its sustained research productivity across top scholarly journals.
Research by the American Psychological Association finds that eponymous laws, those named for victims of tragedy, surge in public support due to sympathy and emotional connection. However, this boost may come at the expense of effective policymaking.
CERCat research projects combine physics-based and AI-based models to predict extreme weather hazards, assess vulnerability, and predict regional climate impacts. The partnership enables the development of machine learning systems for real-time damage assessments and multi-scale hazard modeling.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have developed high-performing optical microresonators that can trap light and build up its intensity. By guiding light smoothly through the resonator, they dramatically reduced light loss, allowing photons to circulate longer and interact more strongly inside the device.
A new poll finds that pets contribute to healthy aging benefits for older adults, including increased sense of purpose and reduced stress. However, 31% of pet owners aged 50+ report that owning a pet strains their budget, mainly due to financial costs.
Engineers have refined a technology to edit individual genetic base pairs, reducing unintended edits and increasing safety for potential treatments. The new base editors could lead to better outcomes for some cystic fibrosis patients and more accurate models for drug testing.
Co-infection of Cryptococcus neoformans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis increases risk of death significantly compared to fungal infection alone. The fungus changes its cell density, diversity, and capsule size in response to the bacterial pathogen.
Researchers have developed a definitive guide to safely navigating health information on AI-powered chatbots, addressing the risk of 'hallucinated' or factually incorrect advice. The Health Chatbot Users’ Guide focuses on harm reduction and maximises benefits to users, offering a pragmatic and neutral approach.
Researchers analyzed data from nearly 4,300 stable outpatients with chest pain and found that women experienced similar rates of MACE as men despite having smaller plaque volumes. The study suggests incorporating sex into the interpretation of coronary plaque metrics may help advance tailored approaches to cardiac risk stratification.
Researchers at ETH Zurich discover that peatland lakes in the Congo Basin release significant amounts of ancient carbon, up to 40% of which is thousands of years old. This carbon reservoir has a leak, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere and potentially destabilizing climate change.
A new study published in Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging found that women with lower plaque levels in their arteries are still at risk of heart attacks. The research suggests that moderate increases in plaque burden can have a disproportionate impact on women due to their smaller coronary arteries.
A new study by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that US counties near operational nuclear power plants have higher rates of cancer mortality than those farther away. The researchers estimated around 115,000 cancer deaths in the US over the study period attributed to NPP proximity.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh have discovered a new method for producing everyday goods without relying on fossil fuels. By harnessing hydrogen produced by microorganisms from waste bread, they have created a low-energy process that can be carbon-negative, removing more greenhouse gases than it produces.
Climate researchers developed a new method for computing hazards from extreme events, finding a tenfold increase in extreme heat over Europe. The study provides a basis for better quantifying damage to people, ecosystems, and infrastructure.
A recent study published in CANCER found that adults with cancer who developed mental health conditions within the first year after diagnosis had a significantly higher likelihood of dying over the next few years. The analysis of data from University of California-affiliated hospitals revealed a 51% increased risk of death among those ...
The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) has launched a new award to accelerate alpha radioligand therapy (α-RLT) research in prostate cancer. The EANM Young Scientist Network Award offers €40,000 in funding for promising researchers.
Fossils from the Lower Triassic of Western Australia confirm a cryptic marine temnospondyl community, showing that earliest sea monsters adapted to life in the sea and radiated rapidly into various ecological niches. The discovery also reveals worldwide dispersal of these ancient animals across supercontinents.
Researchers found artificial waterbodies support healthy mussel populations, acting as 'arks' for vulnerable mussels. Successful management is crucial to prevent ecological traps and ensure conservation.
Collaborative teams of AI-powered robots successfully navigated and extinguished simulated and hybrid simulation-physical fires, demonstrating a 99.67% success rate in real-world deployment potential.
A new study reveals that Australia's mental health system inadequately protects patients from high healthcare costs, leading to financial burden. The research emphasizes the need for increased rebates for mental health services to address this inequity.
A novel multi-agent AI framework, eNRRCrew, has been developed to accelerate the discovery of sustainable catalysts for green ammonia synthesis. By analyzing a comprehensive database of scientific papers, the framework predicts a catalyst's performance and provides rational design principles.
A study reveals how a dual modification on histone H3.3 recruits silencing complexes to establish heterochromatin, crucial for gene silencing and X-chromosome inactivation. The 'H3.3-CBX7-KAP1' pathway is essential for building the repressive heterochromatin mark H3K9me3.
The American Heart Association is hosting a free webinar on revocable living trusts and charitable remainder unitrusts to help donors simplify their estate planning. The session will feature real-life examples and practical guidance from experts in wealth management, estate law, and trust administration.
The American Heart Association warns that heart valve disease will double by 2040, requiring early detection and intervention. Timely diagnosis can expand treatment options, prevent complications, and improve quality of life, particularly for women who are more likely to be misdiagnosed or diagnosed later.
Quantized soliton pumping is observed in high-dimensional topological systems, governed by distinct-order Chern invariants. The study reveals integer- and fractional-quantized pumping behaviors and trapped regimes at strong nonlinearity.
Scientists at Shanxi University successfully demonstrate controllable deterministic continuous-variable quantum teleportation of up to 5 sideband qumodes simultaneously within a 24 MHz frequency bandwidth. The number of teleported qumodes can be controlled by adjusting the phases of classical channels, with fidelity above 70% achieved.
The American Heart Association urges everyone to take action to support women's heart health in four ways: know your numbers, join Research Goes Red, and celebrate survivors. The organization aims to raise awareness of cardiovascular disease in women, which is the leading cause of death in women, claiming 1 in 3 lives.
The strategic selection of E3 ubiquitin ligase and its corresponding ligand is a critical determinant of PROTAC efficacy and selectivity. Degradation efficiency varies by ternary complex cooperativity, cell-type specificity, and tissue distribution.
A research team integrated patient transcriptomic data with human genome-scale metabolic models to train a multi-omic machine learning classifier, achieving high accuracy in lung and pancreatic cancers. The approach identified key biomarker features across all omic layers, including novel metabolic pathways.
Researchers discovered a key molecular switch connecting nucleosome binding to chromatin remodeling in BCL7A, crucial for its tumor-suppressive function. The study also highlights the arginine anchor's importance as a potential therapeutic target for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Millions of Americans are unaware of heart risks that don't start in the heart, including diabetes and kidney disease. A new American Heart Association update highlights the connection between these conditions, emphasizing the importance of screening for kidney disease to prevent complications through lifestyle changes and treatment.
Researchers use a multi-plane microscope to study intracellular nanodiamonds' behavior and magnetic resonance. The findings provide insights into the potential applications of nanodiamonds in biomedicine.
Researchers developed a statistical approach to analyze biospeckle patterns, monitoring senescence processes and vascularization in leaf tissues. The technique revealed distinct time histories of speckle pattern (THSP) patterns and activity indices for biological specimens, offering potential applications in biomedical research.
Radiotherapy induces ICAM-1 expression in tumors, promoting T cell infiltration and glycolytic reprogramming. This leads to increased 18F-FDG PET uptake, which is driven by enhanced glucose metabolism and tumor growth.
Researchers have developed a compact high-temperature superconducting magnetoplasmadynamic thruster, reducing power consumption by 96% and weight by 73%, enabling more efficient space propulsion. The thruster achieved an ultra-high specific impulse of 3,265 seconds, significantly reducing spacecraft fuel requirements and launch costs.
A mysterious Greek inscription at the Great Mosque of Homs in Syria has shed new light on a longstanding debate about the Temple of the Sun. The discovery provides crucial evidence that may finally illuminate the origins of the sacred mosque, which began as a pagan temple and was later converted into a Christian church.
A study analyzing outcomes from 795 patients with severe aplastic anemia found that donor age significantly impacted long-term survival and graft success. Younger donors experienced consistently better outcomes, while older donors were associated with worse results.
A new study proposes a comprehensive roadmap for Europe's biodiversity monitoring system, which could become a global model. The system would track changes in species and ecosystems using 84 Essential Biodiversity Variables and integrate data from various sources, including DNA, digital technologies, and human expertise.
Researchers at Sultan Qaboos University have identified three novel antimicrobial peptides from dromedary camels that effectively target multidrug-resistant bacteria. The peptides, CdPG-3 and CdCATH, demonstrate strong antibacterial activity across Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
New research suggests that messier, less-stuffed nanoparticles may actually deliver drugs more effectively than tightly packed ones. By measuring individual nanoparticles, scientists found two distinct subpopulations: organized particles with neatly structured cargo and amorphous particles with disorganized cargo.
Researchers discovered that TRPV4 acts as part of the nervous system's internal stop-scratching circuit, triggering a negative feedback signal to regulate itch behavior. Mice lacking neuronal TRPV4 scratched less frequently but with longer-lasting itchy bouts.
Researchers have found that proteins vital for sound signal transmission in the ear also manage the fatty molecules on the cell membrane. When these proteins malfunction, it can trigger permanent hair cell death and lead to hearing loss.
Researchers have developed a low-cost, open-source microscope called FlightScope to study living cells in zero-gravity conditions. The device successfully captured images of cells responding to fluorescently labeled glucose molecules, revealing slower uptake rates under microgravity compared to normal gravity conditions.
Scientists have discovered that mycobacteria release tiny packages called extracellular vesicles that fuse with immune cells' membranes, making them more rigid. This helps the bacteria avoid destruction and survive inside human cells. The study reveals an entirely new way of understanding how mycobacteria survive, opening promising ave...
Researchers have captured the first detailed images of TRPM8, a protein channel that responds to cold temperatures and triggers a nerve signal to the brain. The study reveals how menthol activates the channel through shared yet distinct allosteric networks, with implications for treating conditions like chronic pain and dry eye.
Denis V. Titov's paper, published in Biophysical Journal, presents a detailed biophysical model of glycolysis, solving a complex problem and providing insight into cell energy metabolism. The award recognizes outstanding early career work in biophysics.
Harvard researchers developed a multicolor electron microscopy technique that combines strengths of two powerful microscopy methods, allowing for vivid color and nanometer resolution. This breakthrough enables studying cell signaling, molecular clusters, and protein locations within cells.
Researchers at Tokyo Metropolitan University have created a neutral molecule that can carry DNA into biological cells using a process called annealing. This breakthrough promises more effective therapies by reducing inflammation and improving delivery efficiency.
Researchers found that certain salinity patterns can fuel El Niño development, increasing its intensity by 20%. This process makes extreme El Niño events more likely and causes catastrophic flooding and severe droughts. The study identified global patterns in salinity preceding major El Niño events over the past 65 years.