In an animal model, sulfonylureas' effects were found to be reversible after cessation, suggesting beta cells can recover and produce insulin again. This finding may lead to rethink treatment strategies, such as using older drugs or alternating periods of drug treatment with insulin injections.
Researchers created a first-ever genetic animal model to study anesthetic agents' effects on individuals genetically predisposed to arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. The study found that some anesthetics trigger arrhythmias, particularly in models with long QT syndrome.
A University of Iowa study identifies a faulty signaling pathway that causes exercise-induced fatigue in mouse models of muscular dystrophy. The research suggests that targeting this pathway may lead to therapies for this type of fatigue. Viagra was shown to overcome the signaling defect and relieve the fatigue.
A new study reveals that fructose consumption can induce leptin resistance, leading to weight gain when combined with a high-fat diet. Leptin resistance developed silently, without obesity, and was associated with higher triglyceride levels in the blood.
A study by the University of South Florida Health Sciences Center found that resveratrol reduces fat production and increases breakdown in the liver of mice fed alcohol. This prevents accumulation of fat and suggests resveratrol as a promising agent for preventing or treating human alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Mussels have an active physiological barrier in their gills that protects them from harmful substances in the water. The two recently discovered proteins, both ABC transporters, ensure that substances that don't belong in the cell are transported out again.
The American Physiological Society has established a $50,000 relief fund for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows who lost belongings or incurred relocation costs due to Hurricane Ike. The grants aim to help recipients get back on their feet and continue their contributions to the field of physiology.
A new pig model for cystic fibrosis has been developed, closely mirroring the disease in human infants. The study's findings suggest that this model will aid in understanding the disease and may speed up the discovery of new treatments.
A study published by the American Physiological Society found that quercetin, a naturally occurring substance in fruits and vegetables, reduces the likelihood of contracting the flu. The study also showed that stressful exercise increases susceptibility to the flu, but quercetin cancels out this negative effect.
Researchers at Yerkes National Primate Research Center created an animal model to study the effects of chronic stress on behavior, physiology, and reproduction. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a key neurohormone involved in stress response, and its increased expression is linked to anxiety, depression, and infertility.
Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that myosin-I motors sense minute changes in force to regulate cellular processes. This discovery has implications for understanding hearing, balance, glucose uptake, and more.
Researchers have discovered that Tabebuia extract can delay dietary fat absorption in animal models, reducing triglyceride levels. The extract's potential use in treating obesity and associated diseases like type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease is being explored.
A study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology found that athletes who ingested caffeine with carbohydrate after exhaustive exercise had 66% more glycogen in their muscles four hours later. This suggests that post-exercise caffeine consumption can aid in muscle refueling and potentially enhance athletic performance.
A study published in The Journal of Physiology found that rats whose mothers ate an unhealthy diet during pregnancy were more likely to develop obesity, high cholesterol, and insulin resistance. This effect was even more pronounced in female offspring, suggesting a long-term health impact.
A study published in The Journal of Physiology found that rats fed a junk food diet during pregnancy and lactation had offspring with high cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and insulin resistance. These rats also showed increased obesity and fat around the kidneys.
A recent study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology examines the validity of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) testing. The research found that the detection power of the test is poor, with high rates of false negative results. This has significant implications for anti-doping efforts and fair competition.
Research from McMaster University found that brief, high-intensity sprints improve blood vessel function and structure, similar to traditional long-duration exercise. The study suggests that short bursts of intense exercise can reap the same cardiovascular benefits as longer workouts.
A new CU-Boulder study reveals that artificial darkening of a male North American barn swallow's breast feathers leads to an increase in testosterone levels, challenging the traditional view that physiology forms external features.
A new study by Arizona State University researchers found that artificially coloring the breast feathers of male barn swallows increased their testosterone levels, challenging the traditional view that internal processes determine external features. The study suggests a dynamic system where physical appearance affects physiology.
A human clinical study by Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism found that wildland firefighters who consumed a yeast-based antioxidant supplement, Wellmune WGP¹, had significantly fewer upper respiratory tract infections compared to a placebo group. The study showed a strong statistical trend of 23% fewer infectio...
Researchers found that intermittent hypoxia treatment reduced myocardial infarction and lethal arrhythmias following coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion in dogs. The treatment also suppressed cardiac activity of nitric oxide synthase, a key enzyme involved in the production of harmful compounds.
Researchers discovered that snakes have undergone massive functional redesign of core metabolic proteins, enabling their remarkable physiological adaptations. This study provides insight into vertebrate physiology and opens up new directions for research on molecular evolution and adaptation.
A genetic variation in the GLUT2 gene is associated with higher intakes of sugars in two distinct populations. The study found that individuals with the variation consistently consumed more sugars, regardless of age or sex.
A mouse study has found that caloric restriction leads to beneficial hormonal changes, which play a role in extending life. The study suggests that calorie restriction is more effective than exercise in promoting longevity.
Research highlights diacetyl's acute toxicity and respiratory harm when inhaled by humans. Studies have found that diacetyl can injure lungs, particularly among workers making microwave popcorn and flavoring chemicals.
Research shows maternal diet impacts offspring health, with low-protein diets leading to hypertensive pups and abnormal blood vessels. The study highlights the need to investigate a potential link between maternal nutrition and human health.
During WWII, physiologists developed altitude chambers to study high-altitude effects on humans. They trained animals to parachute and discovered techniques to prevent decompression sickness and hypoxia. These innovations paved the way for pressurized aircraft and safer air travel.
A new study found that uncontrollable stress worsens symptoms of endometriosis in rats by activating inflammatory mechanisms and damaging organs. The study, conducted on seven female rats, showed that stressed animals developed more severe lesions and organ damage than unstressed controls.
Researchers developed a technique to extract small amounts of hemolymph from fruit flies, which could expedite understanding of neural physiology and disease mechanisms. The new method is more efficient and precise than traditional methods, allowing for individual organism analysis.
Researchers have produced the first detailed analysis of a hominoid-only gene, TBC1D3, which is linked to cancer. The study found that the protein helps turn on RAS, a protein active in a third of all human cancers. Further research aims to uncover the functions of human-only genes and their potential applications in fighting diseases.
Research found prokineticin 2/Bv8 is downregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma, but expressed in liver resident macrophages, suggesting a role in Kupffer cell physiology.
The partnership aims to reduce the 'flood of information' in TAIR by allowing researchers to directly enter their own data through a web interface. This will increase data input from Plant Physiology articles, enhancing the overall dataset in TAIR.
Researchers found that MPA decreased endothelial function in premenopausal women, raising questions about long-term effects on cardiovascular health. The study suggests that exposure to synthetic hormones may reduce blood vessel flexibility, potentially leading to heart disease.
Researchers discovered that mice are more efficient at removing oxalate from the body, a crucial step in preventing kidney stones. This finding holds promise for developing improved treatments and paving the way for a mouse model of the disease.
A University of Illinois study found that exercise-trained mice had fewer gallstones than sedentary mice, with improved cholesterol levels and increased bile acid solubility. The researchers identified potential mechanisms to explain this link, providing new insights into the benefits of physical activity for reducing gallstone formation.
The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development has approved funding for a Center for Reproduction and Infertility Research at the University of Illinois. The center will support research on maternal-fetal interactions during early pregnancy and identify factors underlying infertility in women with endometriosis.
Researchers found that brief periods of blocked blood flow activate a protective molecular pathway in the heart, protecting it from damage caused by restored blood flow. The study suggests that these 'mini stress tests' may help precondition and protect the heart from future attacks.
The journal has added several Asian researchers to its Editorial Board, including Professor Huan-Yao Lei as the first Asian Editor. An Asian office will open at NCKU Medical Center in Taiwan, increasing visibility of EBM and SEBM throughout Asia Pacific scientific communities.
Researchers explore how genes, neurotransmitters, and brain function impact athletic performance and endurance. Studies reveal that certain genetic variations and mental state can significantly enhance physical abilities.
A study published in PLoS Genetics identified five seminal proteins necessary to elevate offspring production in mated females. These proteins modulate egg production, sperm storage and release, as well as female post-mating behavior and physiology.
The emerging field of neuroecology explores how neural mechanisms influence population dynamics and community interactions. Researchers discuss the ecological functions of chemical defenses, such as neurotoxins and inking, which have far-reaching consequences for ecosystems.
Researchers found that telmisartan completely protected rats from stroke when used alone or with ramipril, with no strokes noted in either group. The study suggests that telmisartan's ability to pass through the blood-brain barrier is likely behind its neuroprotective effect.
Mayo Clinic researchers will study renal vascular disease caused by atherosclerosis to find new ways to diagnose and treat the condition. The study aims to develop novel imaging tools to predict, detect, and evaluate the disease, with the goal of preventing renal deterioration.
A Northwestern University study found that a high-fat diet disrupts the body's internal clock, causing animals to eat during their natural rest periods. The study suggests that this disruption can lead to negative effects on metabolism and increase the risk of obesity and diabetes.
A new study finds that daylight saving time (DST) significantly disrupts the human circadian clock's seasonal adjustment. Researchers analyzed sleep patterns of over 55,000 people in Central Europe and found that DST timing fails to adapt, leading to significant disruptions in daily rhythms.
The US Marine Corps has selected Oregon-made training suits for its runners, with the University of Oregon's environmental chamber playing a crucial role in the testing process. The new suits, developed by InSport Inc., were found to be superior to an alternative design in terms of comfort and moisture management.
Scientists have discovered that sweet sorghum reuses stored sugar more efficiently than sugarcane to support plant growth. This understanding is crucial for developing new varieties specifically for the biofuel industry.
Recent symposium discussions highlighted the brain's role in initiating and regulating obesity, as well as its response to nutrient abundance. Research suggests impaired brain function may contribute to weight gain and insulin resistance, fueling obesity and type 2 diabetes development.
A recent study found that exercise did not lower aldosterone levels in African Americans, a hormone linked to hypertension. Despite this, researchers believe exercise still has potential benefits for reducing blood pressure. The study's findings highlight the complexity of understanding hypertension in African Americans.
Researchers found that female diabetic rats had reduced nitric oxide levels, while male diabetic rats produced more, leading to increased vascular dysfunction. The study suggests sex-specific therapeutic interventions may be necessary for effective treatment of vascular disease in diabetes.
Researchers found genomic determinants underlying alcohol and tobacco use on chromosomes 1, 3, and 4. A common locus for both was discovered on chromosome 1, with a linked area for smoking also present. The study suggests sex-specific genetic factors may contribute to the observed sex differences in alcohol and tobacco use rates.
Researchers found that acid reflux disease can lead to Barrett's esophagus, a condition where normal skin-like cells turn into tougher, more acid-resistant cells. This transformation may increase the risk of cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
A recent study using spontaneously hypertensive rats found that testosterone supplements promote renal injury and exacerbate hypertension in aging male rats. The research suggests that natural decrease in testosterone levels with age may affect the progression of cardiovascular/renal disease in men taking testosterone replacement therapy.
Two studies have found significant gender-based differences in newborns' hearts and livers that may explain why female infant deaths are higher after heart surgery and pediatric liver transplants are less successful. Newborn girls' hearts accumulate more acid during ischemia, which may lead to injury, while their livers produce more an...
A new study aims to identify markers for deadly blood clots in menopausal women by analyzing blood platelets. Researchers are testing their theory as part of the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study, with hopes that it can lead to tools for doctors to provide hormonal therapy commensurate with a woman's risk.
Researchers identified distinct genetic factors for blood pressure regulation in males and females, shedding light on gender-based disparities in cardiovascular health. The study's findings suggest that genetic diagnostic and therapeutic indices for hypertension must consider gender differences.
A new technique called Fluorescence Diffuse Optical Tomography has been developed to image breast cancer in patients with high contrast. The method uses fluorophore molecules that re-radiate fluorescent light, providing richer information about tumor physiology.
Artery Research is a quarterly journal published by Elsevier in collaboration with the Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology (ARTERY). The journal features original articles, review articles, case studies, and more on advancements in arterial structure and physiology research.
Scientists have found an enzyme called Pak 1 that acts on the heart's pacemaker to slow the rapid beating of the heart's 'fight-or-flight' reaction to adrenaline. This discovery opens up new avenues for diagnosis, drug design and treatment of common heart diseases.
A study published in the Journal of Physiology found that adding marine omega-3 fatty acids to a steer's diet increased sensitivity to insulin, improving protein metabolism. This could lead to alternative methods for increasing muscle mass in animal farming.