Researcher Patrice G. Guyenet proposes that central chemoreceptors are located in the retrofacial region of the brainstem, loaded with glutamate, to sense pH changes in cerebrospinal fluid. In contrast, Dr. Richerson suggests that these receptors are found near midline blood vessels to 'taste' blood pH levels.
Research suggests that obesity can exacerbate asthma due to reduced lung function, chronic inflammation, and hormonal changes. The study found increased levels of pro-inflammatory hormones like leptin in obese individuals with asthma.
A study by PhD student Rebecca Cramp found that the green-striped burrowing frog can maintain its gut function despite prolonged starvation, allowing it to digest massive meals efficiently. The discovery has implications for human survival during starvation, as humans often experience severe gastrointestinal issues after re-feeding.
Researchers have discovered that a faulty body clock can wreak havoc on the body's metabolism, increasing the risk of obesity and diabetes. In a study published in Science, scientists found that mice with a misaligned internal timepiece gained weight and developed metabolic abnormalities when fed regular or high-fat diets.
A recent study published in Circulation found that rapid weight gain during the first week of life is significantly associated with being overweight two to three decades later. The research, led by Dr. Nicolas Stettler, suggests that this critical period may be crucial in programming lifelong physiology.
Researchers identify renalase as a novel protein regulating cardiac function and blood pressure. WNK1/4 interaction is also crucial for controlling human blood pressure and familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt) risk.
Researchers identified a new protein called renalase, which regulates heart rate and blood pressure. Reduced levels of renalase have been linked to increased cardiovascular risk in patients with end-stage kidney disease.
Studies reveal new insights into atherosclerotic vascular dysfunction, satiety regulation, and hypertension treatment. Cranberry juice improves vascular function in patients with high cholesterol, while statins may disrupt hypertension development through cellular calcium modulation.
Researchers investigated the effects of temperature-dependent cadmium exposure on oysters, exploring a potential deadly threat from global warming. They also discovered a therapy for cystic fibrosis by rescuing mutant CFTR protein through chaperone competition.
Black South African children show lower physical activity levels and calcium intakes compared to white children, yet have higher bone mass at hip. This paradox suggests that osteoporosis development may start in childhood, highlighting the importance of early intervention.
Researchers found that asthma inflammation directly affects the heart's recovery from a heart attack, increasing cardiac tissue damage. Asthma may be identified as a potential risk factor for post-operative complications and recurrent events following cardiology interventions.
Researchers discovered a universal cellular mechanism that helps cells release excess water, shedding light on kidney function and potential applications to type 1 diabetes and cancer. This finding highlights the importance of vesicle insertion and phosphorylation in regulating cellular transport.
The Mt. Everest team, comprising anaesthesia and intensive care experts, aims to study human physiology in extreme environments by testing a closed-circuit breathing system and investigating the effects of hypoxia on brain function and genetics. The expedition seeks to understand acclimatization at the very limit.
Researchers at Purdue University discovered that a group of plants called metal hyperaccumulators can store high levels of metal in their tissues, making them resistant to pathogens. This trait allows these plants to thrive in soils naturally enriched in metals without succumbing to diseases like powdery mildew.
The American Physiological Society has awarded young investigators in various fields of physiological research, including respiratory physiology and epithelial renal physiology. These awards recognize outstanding promise in the field and support research that could lead to advances in stem cell therapy and gene treatment.
The study reveals that VIP peptide is essential for synchronizing the brain's biological clock, which regulates daily rhythms in behavior and physiology. Mice lacking VIP suffered from internal desynchrony, while adding VIP restored synchronicity.
A novel sensor has been developed to measure tiny changes in cell volume, providing real-time results for antibiotic sensitivity testing. The technology, known as 'cell volume cytometry,' is highly sensitive and can detect changes in cell dimensions never seen before in living cells.
Researchers uncover key mechanisms behind puberty, revealing that a specific gene and protein interact to trigger hormone secretion. The study provides new insights into human development and may help prevent precocious or delayed puberty.
Qdot molecular imaging enables precise tracking of tumors, identification of cancer types, and real-time optical biopsy. The technology holds promise for a one-two punch approach to diagnose and treat cancer.
Researchers found that nicotine caused a significant increase in atrial interstitial fibrosis and electrical remodeling in hearts with myocardial infarction, leading to atrial flutter. The study suggests a causal link between nicotine and atrial flutter, potentially informing new therapeutic strategies.
A new study found that green tea extract (GTE) supplementation improves swimming endurance by 8-24% over 10 weeks, with benefits attributed to increased fat oxidation and lower respiratory quotients. The study also suggests that long-term GTE consumption may be beneficial for improving exercise performance and overall health.
Researchers found that genetic selection for low aerobic capacity in rats led to high cardiovascular risk factors, mirroring human data on fitness and survival. The study suggests a link between impaired oxygen metabolism and disease, supporting the importance of aerobic health.
A study found that acute and long-term vitamin C supplementation had no effect on exercise capacity, contradicting earlier theories that it might reduce oxidative stress. Physiologists at the University of Colorado tested young and older adults before exhaustive exercise, but results showed no improvement in aerobic abilities.
Researchers found that combined dietary olestra and caloric restriction increased the rate of excretion of a test toxin by 30-fold and reduced its distribution into the brain by 50%. The study also showed that weight loss and regain resulted in changes to the concentration of toxins in adipose tissue and liver.
The American Physiological Society has announced its 2005 Distinguished Lecturers, recognizing outstanding contributors and representatives in various fields of physiology. The award winners include researchers who have made significant contributions to their respective fields through original research, education, and mentorship.
A new study suggests that resveratrol in red wine can prevent the excessive production of collagen in heart cells, leading to a stiffening of the heart muscle and reduced blood pumping efficiency. Drinking moderate amounts of red wine may offer protective effects against hypertension and heart failure.
New discoveries have increased resolution on vertebrate morphological sequence, documented rapid tetrapod appearance, and sparked controversy over environmental factors. Research highlights adaptations that enable fish survival on land, including air-breathing organs and biochemical strategies.
Researchers at UCLA have found that children with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) share similar brain responses to breathlessness. The study suggests that the irregular brain mechanisms provoking CCHS may also underlie SIDS.
Researchers from Rutgers University found that acetaminophen significantly reduced infarct size in treated dogs, with reductions of up to 63% compared to untreated control groups. The study also suggested anti-arrhythmic action of acetaminophen, with treated hearts appearing more stable electrically during ischemia and reperfusion.
Brett Wong's research identifies histamine receptors as contributing to increased blood flow during heat stress, which can help improve survival rates among elderly and those with conditions like diabetes and heart disease.
A multi-disciplinary team at SUNY Buffalo designed fibrin gel matrix-based vessel ready for test transplantation after only two weeks in culture, exhibiting remarkable remodeling and physiological levels of blood flow. The study holds significant promise for treatment of vascular disease and as a model system to address questions with ...
Resveratrol exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in all systems examined, including laboratory cell lines and human airway epithelial cells. The compound inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators, including IL-8 and GM-CSF, which play a major role in inflammation development.
The grant will fund research on dopamine neurons and brain adaptation in Parkinson's disease, with the goal of developing new treatments for patients. Northwestern University's expertise in neuroscience and molecular imaging will be utilized in this effort.
Recent APS exercise research highlights significant findings in various areas, including reduced flu mortality and improved cardiovascular function. Studies on protein expression and skeletal muscle regeneration have also shed light on the mechanisms behind these processes.
Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania School Medicine have induced axon growth rates of up to ten centimeters per week, defying previous understanding. The stretched axons maintained a normal internal structure and appeared invigorated by extreme growth, suggesting new mechanisms for neuronal physiology.
Researchers are studying how damaged hearts heal differently in men and women, with a focus on estrogen's role. The study aims to understand the underlying mechanisms of cardiac remodeling and its impact on heart failure.
The American Physiological Society (APS) has awarded over $140,000 to minority students pursuing careers in physiology. These Porter Physiology Fellows are conducting innovative research projects that aim to improve our understanding of various physiological processes.
A review found no reliable scientific evidence supports the use of C. aurantium for weight loss, and high doses may not be safe. The herb interacts with drugs in a manner similar to grapefruit juice, increasing blood levels and potential side effects.
Researchers found a five-fold increase in knee torque and muscle force when humans switch from walking to running. This increased force generation leads to higher energy costs for running compared to walking due to the more flexed knee joint.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic demonstrate the potential of embryonic stem cells to rebuild damaged heart tissue, improving contractile function and ventricular remodeling. The study found that stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes integrated into infarcted areas without adverse effects.
This book presents six different models of the cardiovascular and pulmonary system, including a two-dimensional modeling of fluid dynamics in the heart. The models are introduced by case studies and can be studied individually, serving as an excellent introduction for researchers and graduate students.
The Oregon Health & Science University has launched a new Bioanalytical Shared Resource (BSR) lab, supported by the $500 million Oregon Opportunity initiative. The BSR provides advanced analytical services for drugs and molecules, enabling researchers to quickly move from laboratory to patient testing.
Two young scientists, Matthew R. Jones and Takuya Sakaguchi, have been awarded the APS Postdoctoral Fellowship to investigate the roles of Interleukin-6 in pneumonia infections and liver organogenesis, respectively. The fellowship aims to advance understanding of physiological genomics by integrating cellular and molecular biology.
Physiology aims to appeal to a broader audience with innovative features and artwork, showcasing the most up-to-date physiological research. The journal's design and editorial team are committed to making the content more accessible and readable.
The American Physiological Society (APS) has announced the winners of its annual awards for high school students conducting research in physiology. The four award winners are Allison Landstrom, Samuel Finlayson, John Luo, and Jason Pellegrino, who studied various aspects of glucose homeostasis and lung function.
A study found that mice with a hyperactive Wnt10b gene consumed more food but had half the body fat of normal mice. The protein inhibited fat cell development and had contrasting effects on white and brown fat, leading to robust health despite reduced adipose tissue.
Researchers recreated mammalian cell self-organization patterns in a test tube using mathematical formulas dictating cell interactions. This may help improve tissue regeneration methods and understand mechanisms behind birth defects and heart disease.
Research reveals that humans can't pump enough blood to meet the demand of highly trained muscles during exercise, leading to hypotension. This finding has implications for understanding reduced exercise tolerance in pathologic conditions and may guide new therapeutic approaches.
The study provides anatomical evidence of nanometer-sized particles in calcified human arterial and valvular tissue, which share characteristics with nanoparticles recovered from geological specimens. The cultured particles contain nucleic acids, suggesting ongoing synthesis and potential bacterial-like etiology of vascular calcification.
A team of scientists has successfully achieved the first live births of killer whales through artificial insemination. The study, led by Dr. Todd R. Robeck, used genome resource banking and artificial insemination to store sperm from male orcas for later use. This breakthrough may help maintain genetic diversity in captive marine mammals.
Dr. Jiang's research focuses on ion channels, proteins in cell membranes controlling ion flow. He joins UT Southwestern faculty with a strong background in chemistry and postdoctoral experience.
Researchers investigate protein regulators of inflammation and hypertension, aiming to find direct cause-and-effect relationship between the two. The study could lead to new targets for treating high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease.
A comprehensive study of plant physiology has found that fast-growing plants (hares) are more susceptible to pollution, while slower-growing plants (tortoises) are better adapted to control energy consumption. The research provides insights into how plants respond to environmental changes.
A team of researchers found that certain mammals in the Arctic, including rodents, retained a regular sleep-wake cycle despite 82 days of continuous daylight or darkness. The study suggests that the animals may have used external environmental clues to adapt their biological clocks.
Researchers at University at Buffalo are developing an inorganic compound called DDFPe as a potential blood substitute. The compound produces microbubbles that pick up and deliver oxygen to tissues, making it more effective than current hemoglobin-based blood substitutes.
The American Physiological Society awarded 12 Distinguished Lecturers in 2004, including Christine Seidman, Robin Davisson, and Kevin Fitzgerald. The awards recognize outstanding research achievements in various fields of physiology.
Four researchers are recognized for their work on normal lung development, RhoA's role in blood vessel disruption, and cardiovascular regulation. Their research aims to improve mortality and morbidity associated with premature birth and related conditions.
A team of researchers from Cornell University and Gene Network Sciences Inc. has developed a 3D computer model of the canine heart to simulate ventricular fibrillation. The model aims to help understand the causes of this life-threatening condition, currently treated with electrical shocks that can damage the heart.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered a second chemical pathway that enhances smooth-muscle cell contraction when the primary pathway is limited. This finding has implications for treating conditions such as hypertension and other smooth muscle-related disorders.
Dr. Edward R. Perl, a renowned UNC neuroscientist, has been awarded the longest-running federal grant for pain research since 1957. His federally supported exploration of pain sensation's biological basis helped him become the first to document the existence of nociceptors.