Indiana University faculty experts will present at the 2016 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Katy Börner will discuss visual analytics and data visualization techniques, while Noretta Koertge will explore scientific virtues and research ethics.
A study published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society: B identifies a Jurassic-age insect whose behavior and appearance closely mimic those of butterflies. The discovery was made possible by the examination of well-preserved fossils from ancient lake deposits in China and Kazakhstan. Researchers found that these 'Jurassic butterfli...
The 2015 Carnegie Classification provides an update on institutional diversity at over 4,660 colleges and universities in the United States. The classification reveals key changes, including shifts in doctoral granting categories and the introduction of new associate's college categories based on program mix and student mix.
Research at Indiana University identifies a genetic mechanism that drives cancer-causing mutations by mutating genes during DNA replication. APOBEC3G, an enzyme known to trigger harmful changes, may cause these mutations by targeting cytosines in single-stranded DNA on the lagging strand template.
A study found that using overtime and increasing factory-installed options are positively associated with manufacturing-related recalls. The economic cost of extremely high factory utilization translates into a recall cost of $167 million over seven years.
A new study found that individuals with fewer than 12 years of schooling benefit more from cognitive training than their more highly educated counterparts. Cognitive training on speed of information processing resulted in a 50% greater effect for those with less than a complete high school education.
Researchers will analyze thousands of patient records to assess posterior composite restorations and root-canal procedures, exploring data integration challenges. The goal is to improve oral health care nationwide by closing the gap between data acquisition and use in clinical practice.
A new study found that standardized tests like SAT and GRE can predict student success with varying degrees of accuracy across different colleges and universities. The researchers argue that admissions policies, grading approaches, and academic support resources differ greatly between institutions, leading to biases in test results.
A new study from Indiana University School of Medicine found that medical students with lower reflection scores are more likely to be cited for professionalism lapses. Reflective ability enhances students' capacity for empathy, compassion, and patient-centeredness, and is essential for their professional development.
Researchers discovered that 70% of brain information passes through only 20% of neurons in cortical regions, suggesting a vital role in communication and learning. This high-traffic network is also more vulnerable to disruption, which could impact brain health.
A new IU study confirms the existence of independent working memory systems in animals, which could inform new pre-clinical research models for Alzheimer's disease treatment. The results show that rats possess two separate memory resources, allowing them to recall more information across multiple categories.
New research from Indiana University finds that companies with a differentiation strategy benefit more from advertising than those with a cost leadership approach. Advertising increases awareness and sales for differentiated firms, building brand equity and shareholder value. In contrast, cost leaders may not see an impact on their sto...
Valery Lunts and Vladimir Touraev, both from Indiana University, have been named 2016 American Mathematical Society Fellows for their significant work in algebraic geometry, category theory, and low-dimensional topology. The recognition highlights the university's total of 15 AMS fellows across campuses.
Researchers at Indiana University have developed a highly efficient biomaterial that catalyzes the formation of hydrogen gas from water. The material, called P22-Hyd, is produced through a simple fermentation process at room temperature and has potential to replace platinum-based fuel cells.
Researchers have identified two genetic variants, ABCA7 and MA4A6A, associated with brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. The study found that protein levels in the blood produced by these genes could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and potential treatment.
A study published in the British Journal of Cancer found that higher magnesium intake may lower the risk of pancreatic cancer. Researchers analyzed data from over 66,000 men and women and discovered a significant association between magnesium consumption and reduced pancreatic cancer incidence.
A recent IU study analyzing over 100 million Web clicks and 1.3 billion public posts reveals that social media news consumers access a narrower range of sources, contributing to the rise of collective social bubbles. This trend is attributed to people filtering their access to information through social media platforms.
A multidisciplinary accountable care team model has been shown to decrease hospital stays and lower costs by $649 per stay. The ACT model, implemented across an urban hospital, has also improved communication with patients and families, as well as employee engagement and job satisfaction.
A mindfulness-based stress reduction program has been shown to improve attention and reduce mistakes on difficult cognitive tasks in breast and colorectal cancer survivors. The program, known as MBSR, provides a creative solution for managing cancer-related cognitive impairment, which can be incapacitating.
Amar Flood's team at IU has created a tricarb molecule that self-assembles into flower-shaped crystalline patterns, a breakthrough in materials science. The team plans to use computer-aided design software to virtually experiment with millions of molecular compounds, reducing the time and cost of creating new materials.
A new model, POISED, aims to balance technology use with human connection. Key findings include: Using computers in exams can compromise patient safety and relationships if not implemented correctly.
Researchers at Indiana University have calculated the lifetime energy requirements of multiple cell types and genes, revealing a linear relationship between energy consumption and cell volume. This study challenges existing theories on the role of mitochondria in driving genome complexity and evolution.
A new IU study reveals that short winter days trigger aggression hormones differently in female hamsters compared to males. Melatonin acts directly on the adrenal glands in females to trigger a 'seasonal aggression switch', while in males, it works through the pituitary gland.
The new Brain Safety Lab will develop potential brain safety solutions, test prototypes and deploy them in real-world clinical settings. The lab will focus on addressing medications with anticholinergic effects and preventing repeated episodes of hypoglycemia in older adults with diabetes.
A new study from Indiana University finds that marginalized groups, including African Americans and Latinos, use the Internet to diversify their social networks. The research also suggests that the Internet can be a useful tool for increasing social capital for these groups.
A new study found that older adults with dementia visit emergency departments at higher rates, are admitted to hospitals more often, and have a higher death rate after ED visits compared to those without dementia. The study also highlights the need for better care in fast-paced emergency departments.
A new study by Indiana University law professor Robert L. Fischman and Vanderbilt University's J.B. Ruhl finds that natural resource agencies often apply adaptive management in ways that don't promote learning, leading to a gap between theory and practice. The study cites examples of court decisions where judges overturned resource man...
Research by Herman Aguinis and Kyle Bradley suggests that performance follows a power law distribution, leading to more common star performers. The study recommends transparency, fairness in policies, structuring work, training development interventions, employment decisions, and compensation to effectively manage and produce star perf...
Researchers are developing precision monitoring programs to provide actionable, personalized care for veterans. The PRIS-M program will use existing VA electronic health data to implement timely monitoring and improve patient outcomes.
A new advance-care planning tool will be evaluated in Indiana nursing homes to ensure patients' end-of-life treatment preferences are honored. The research aims to improve care consistency with patients' decisions.
A new study by Indiana University researchers reveals that government entities are less likely to comply with certain federal environmental regulations than similar entities owned by private companies. Publicly owned facilities are more likely to violate standards and face lower consequences for non-compliance.
Researchers at Indiana University have discovered how cancer-induced bone destruction causes skeletal muscle weakness. Inhibiting TGF-β improved muscle function in mouse models of human cancers.
A study led by Indiana University biologist Patricia Foster found that external environmental forces and oxidation are the primary threats to DNA repair, unlike previously thought. The research used whole genome analysis of spontaneous mutation in E. coli and showed that only loss of oxidative damage repair significantly impacted mutat...
The Regenstrief tEMR system offers a unique learning environment for medical students, allowing them to practice patient care in a simulated setting. The system uses anonymized patient data to train students on how to navigate electronic medical records and make clinical decisions.
Discussing a menu of reasonable treatment options with patients can improve patient compliance and health outcomes. Physicians often present only one option, but a partnership approach that includes patient preference can make a real difference.
A new Indiana University study reveals that sexual activity promotes types of immunity supporting conception. The research found higher levels of helper T cells and immunoglobulins in sexually active women compared to those who were abstinent.
A new study found a variant in the IL1RAP gene associated with higher rates of amyloid plaque accumulation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's patients. The research suggests targeting the IL1RAP immune pathway may be a viable approach for clearing amyloid deposits and fighting disease progression.
A new study by Indiana University researchers finds that discrimination is directly linked to poor health outcomes among transgender adults. The study reveals that those who face more frequent and severe discrimination are at a higher risk of attempting suicide, abusing substances, and smoking cigarettes.
Researchers from Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University developed an innovative ethics-based model to ensure academic-industry partnerships are conducted with the highest ethical standards. The nine-principle framework includes academic freedom, conflict of interest policy, governance, protection of human subjects, and transparency.
Researchers are developing a breathalyzer-type device to detect hypoglycemia in people with diabetes. The device will identify signature odorants produced in human breath by specific volatile organic compounds created by metabolic processes leading to low blood sugar.
The study aims to develop machine learning models that mimic the toddlers' ability to recognize objects, leveraging 500 hours of video and 54 million images from over 100 children. The research could lead to more sophisticated digital object-recognition technology.
A study suggests that a missing part of the brain, called the vertical occipital fasciculus, may provide a fundamental white matter connection between the visual system's object identification and spatial orientation functions. This 'highway' structure could play a critical role in coordinating information transmission between brain ar...
A statewide study in Indiana found that fewer than a quarter of men and women with osteoporosis or fragility fracture received treatment between 2005 and 2012. The study also found disparities in treatment rates among different groups, including racial and ethnic minorities and individuals with multiple chronic conditions.
A $381,000 grant from the National Library of Medicine will support the development of open-source software tools to measure and monitor the quality of electronic data received by public health departments. The goal is to improve data quality, which will ultimately lead to better health outcomes.
Researchers analyzed 400 fashion models' Instagram accounts to predict popularity, finding high likes and comments were associated with runway success. Height and representation by top agencies also played a significant role in predicting success.
A new NSF grant will study maker success stories in China, Taiwan, and the U.S. Midwest to identify pathways guiding making from hobby to industry. The researchers aim to replicate Asian practices that support makers in the US, focusing on Michigan and Indiana.
A clinical trial found that doctors given information on a patient's cognitive status provided more care focused on cognition, but this had little impact on the overall rate of cognitive decline. The study highlights the importance of primary care in recognizing cognitive impairment and supporting older adults.
A study published in Computers in Human Behavior found that people who sent romantic emails were more emotionally aroused and used stronger language than those who left voicemails. Email enables senders to modify the content, increasing arousal and deeper processing.
Researchers aim to optimize aerobic exercise training for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, which could improve blood pressure in the lungs, skeletal muscle, and heart metabolism. High-intensity interval training has shown promising results in reversing enlargement of the right ventricle and improving blood pressures.
Researchers analyze New Yorker cartoons from 1925 to 2006 to show changing portrayals of children and child-rearing, with a shift from mixed attitudes to increasingly intense parental involvement. The study highlights the paradox of modern, privileged parenting, where parents may opt out due to high costs associated with childcare.