A study by an Indiana University sociologist suggests that conditions associated with male-dominated professions cause token women to experience high levels of stress in the workplace. Men and women exhibit similar physiological responses to stressful workplace conditions, contradicting theories that women are more sensitive to exclusion.
A new analysis shows that US cancer centers increased their advertising spending by over 300% between 2005 and 2014, with for-profit organizations accounting for most of the spending. The bulk of the spending was concentrated in television ads, print media, and internet display advertisements.
Researchers found that plants associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi grow bigger in response to high CO2 levels, but those with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi do not. This study challenges the idea of a universal CO2 fertilization effect and highlights the importance of symbiotic fungi in plant growth.
Researchers are studying exercise's effects on muscle loss and weakness in people with chronic kidney disease, a condition affecting 20 million Americans. They aim to determine the optimal dose of exercise and explore whether it can mitigate disease progression.
A research team led by Likun Zhu at Indiana University aims to overcome challenges with alloy-type anode materials that swell and fracture during charging and discharging. By adding selenium to these materials, they hope to develop commercially affordable high-performance anodes for better batteries.
A study examining childhood weight's link to age of first substance use found significant correlations between weight status and timing of first use among specific racial and ethnic groups. Hispanic girls who were overweight as children were more likely to begin using substances at an earlier age.
Indiana University chemists Steven Tait and Kenneth Caulton will develop new catalysts for molecular transformations using surface chemistry and metal-organic chemistry. Their goal is to convert environmentally harmful CO2 molecules into carbon-neutral plastics, building materials, and fuel.
Researchers found that increasing doses of cisplatin were associated with increased hearing loss at most tested frequencies, and high blood pressure was also linked to hearing loss in these patients. Comprehensive hearing assessments are recommended for survivors given cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
The study reveals that errors in cell adhesion and inhibition cause two types of kidney cyst formation, which can lead to a significant increase in kidney size. The researchers used advanced computer simulations to identify the potential new drug target and confirmed its accuracy using real human cells.
A new study investigates the effects of early dementia screening on family members of older adults, exploring potential benefits and harms. The EFECT study aims to inform optimal care for at-risk individuals and impact the lives of caregivers, measuring knowledge, caregiver preparedness, and mental health outcomes.
A study by Indiana University researchers has identified 36 genes, including the 'smoke alarm' gene, that contribute to nerve sensitivity in both humans and fruit flies. These genes may represent potential targets for new drug treatments in human pain management.
Researchers found that the testes of larger, more aggressive dark-eyed juncos produced more testosterone, leading to flashier plumage and other traits influenced by testosterone. The study challenges the prevailing theory that hormonally regulated trait differences are controlled largely by the brain.
A recent study by Indiana University researchers found that young African-American adults are less susceptible to delirium in the ICU compared to Caucasians of the same age group. The study, which analyzed data from over 2,000 adults, also revealed differences in medication use and disease severity between racial groups.
A recent study found that approximately one-third of women taking oral bisphosphonates continue to be at elevated risk for bone fracture. Despite the medication being effective in reducing fracture risk, various factors such as other medical conditions and fall-related problems contribute to this increased risk.
Researchers at Indiana University have found a correlation between higher levels of an enzyme called NMNAT2 and better cognitive function in older people. This study suggests that NMNAT2 may help protect against neurodegenerative brain diseases, including Alzheimer's.
Researchers at Indiana University argue that annual registration fees for plug-in vehicles are misguided due to their minimal impact on road infrastructure funding. The decline in federal tax revenue is primarily attributed to increased fuel efficiency and non-adjusted fuel taxes, not plug-in vehicles.
A study published in PLOS ONE reveals that maize is more vulnerable to drought than previously thought, with a 39.3% yield reduction at 40% water reduction compared to wheat's 20.6%. Maize sensitivity varies by region and soil texture, but overall findings can inform model interactions, productivity gains, and irrigation scheduling.
A series of studies identified a gene called ANK3 as playing a key role in affecting longevity. Higher levels of ANK3 expression were found in older patients with psychiatric disorders and those who had committed suicide.
Astronomers at Indiana University have discovered a small blue galaxy, Leoncino, which contains the lowest level of heavy chemical elements (metals) ever observed in a gravitationally bound system. This finding is exciting as it could help contribute to a quantitative test of the Big Bang theory.
A recent study found that large reductions in the prison population do not compromise public safety, as demonstrated by California's Realignment Act. By shifting responsibility for certain groups of offenders to local jurisdictions, realignment reduced the total prison population by 27,527 inmates and saved $453 million.
Researchers at Indiana University have identified the genetic pathways that control physical traits in horned beetles based on nutritional conditions during development. The study reveals a complex relay system transmitting information about external circumstances to the cell nucleus, allowing organisms to produce different traits in r...
Dr. Callahan has spent over two decades developing new models of care to improve the health of older adults with internists or primary care physicians. His research emphasizes team-based care, social services, and practical strategies for primary care physicians.
Research by Indiana University and Vanderbilt University found that African-American children are three times as likely to be placed in gifted-education programs if they have a black teacher. Black teachers are more likely to see black students as gifted, regardless of student scores or demographic factors.
The Observatory on Social Media (OSoMe) provides a free online software suite to analyze online trends and memes. The tool offers four modules: Trends, Networks, Movies, and Maps, allowing users to explore how information spreads in social networks.
Researchers found that hospice services don't lead to higher care costs for long-stay nursing home residents, despite concerns about cost shifting. Instead, avoidance of costly hospitalization and post-acute care offsets hospice costs.
An international team led by IU biologist David M. Kehoe uncovered the regulation of a system that allows Synechococcus to efficiently capture sunlight and perform photosynthesis. The study also provides insight into how genes can be easily transferred between cells in the marine environment through horizontal gene transfer.
Researchers at Indiana University estimate that nearly 1 trillion species exist on Earth, using large datasets and ecological models to conclude that 99.999 percent remain undiscovered. The study highlights the vast diversity of microbial life on the planet.
A new study by Indiana University psychologists suggests that caregiver focus during playtime significantly impacts infants' attention spans. Caregivers who let their children lead and sustain attention for longer periods see significant gains in infant attention, while distracted caregivers may raise children with shorter attention sp...
Researchers from Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University have found that machine learning algorithms can detect cancer cases from free-text pathology reports with similar accuracy to human reviewers. The computerized approach is faster and less resource-intensive, facilitating timely health department action.
A new study from Indiana University reveals that nearly half of all long-stay nursing home residents are sent to the Emergency Department over a year, despite their cognitive status. The study's findings highlight the need for strategies to avoid unnecessary transfers and deliver patient-centered care in long-term care facilities.
Researchers found lower metabolism and reduced brain size among study participants taking anticholinergic drugs, which may increase risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. The study provides insight into the potential underlying biology of these clinical links using neuroimaging measurements.
The Alzheimer's Association has developed recommendations for patient care milestones, including workforce development, timely diagnosis, education, and care guideline measures. Caregiver support strategies include culturally sensitive training, enabling caregivers to balance care with their own well-being, and addressing housing needs.
A new study finds that person-centered dementia care can be effectively provided by an engaged low-cost workforce of care coordinator assistants. These assistants, with limited education, are trained to conduct home visits and support caregivers, extending primary care to older adults' homes.
A team of researchers, led by IU biologist Armin Moczek, will systematically study proposed extensions to the theory of evolutionary biology. The $1.25 million grant aims to test assumptions and predictions of a new framework that recognizes environmental signals in organism development.
Researchers at Indiana University have identified blood-based biomarkers and developed questionnaire-based apps that can help clinicians identify female patients at greatest risk of suicidal ideation or behavior. The study found that these tools were able to predict future instances of suicidal thoughts with high accuracy, suggesting p...
The new federal legislation aims to reduce rehospitalization rates by penalizing both hospitals and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) for rehospitalizations within 30 days. However, clinicians warn of potential problems with the mandate, including inadequate communication between healthcare providers, SNF staff, and patients/caregivers.
A recent study aims to investigate the role of deficient pain modulatory systems in developing chronic post-traumatic headaches. The researchers will enroll 80 participants with mild traumatic brain injuries and use state-of-the-art quantitative sensory testing to identify potential predictors of the headache.
OPTIMISTIC, a four-year project, aims to improve the health and healthcare of long-term nursing home residents by enhancing clinical care and introducing new Medicare payments. The program has shown promising results in reducing unnecessary hospitalizations and improving symptoms in patients with chronic illnesses.
Researchers at Indiana University have found a method to overcome the condition of terminal acid shock that inhibits successful production of sour beers. By pre-adapting yeast in a nutritionally dense substance called YPD, breweries can ensure proper bottle conditioning.
A researcher at Indiana University has been awarded $1.1 million to develop information-based tools to improve primary care for patients with chronic pain, a condition affecting 100 million Americans annually. The project aims to create prototypes for clinical decision support and electronic health record management.
Researchers will investigate genetic mechanisms controlling polyphenism in nematode worms, a phenomenon where species develop different physical traits based on their environment. The study aims to understand how environmental inputs trigger developmental 'switches' that enable accelerated evolution.
Researchers at Indiana University and Virginia Tech develop a method to assess the validity of the principle of detailed balance, widely used in models for environmental projects. The study confirms that the principle applies in systems where rates of forward and reverse processes are balanced.
A study by Indiana University researchers has found a strong relationship between the levels of flame retardants in hair and nails and those in blood, providing a non-invasive way to measure exposure. The discovery could lead to further research into the human impact of environmental pollutants like flame retardants.
Researchers at Indiana University's DZero Collaboration have detected a new form of elementary particle, dubbed X(5568), containing four different quark flavors. This discovery expands our understanding of quark matter and the fundamental nature of particles.
A new study published in the Journal of Interpersonal Violence found a significant relationship between firearm crime and an increase in concealed-carry gun permits. The research examined county-level data from Florida, which issued over 1.6 million valid concealed-carry permits as of November 2015.
Dr. Elliot J. Androphy and his colleagues will test compounds to determine the best candidate to treat spinal muscular atrophy, a genetic disease affecting voluntary muscle movement. The grant aims to increase SMN proteins in mouse models to mitigate the disease.
A new randomized controlled study found that adults with prediabetes who followed a nationally-available weight management program with a prediabetes-specific component, Weight Watchers, lost significantly more weight and experienced better blood glucose control than those following a self-initiated program. The study suggests that nat...
A recent study suggests that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide is the likely cause of global dryland greening, as it leads to water savings and increases in available soil water. This trend has been observed through satellite images in regions such as the Mediterranean, Sahel, and Middle East.
A new IU study employs genome-wide sequencing to analyze the evolutionary mechanisms driving genetic divergence in 13 species of wild tomatoes. The research reveals three major genetic strategies behind tomato's ability to adapt to ecological change, including recruitment, introgression, and de novo evolution.
Scientists at Indiana University have developed a method to alter a plant's innate defense system to deliver resistance to a new disease. By creating decoy proteins that mimic bacterial modifications, the team broadened the recognition ability of a sensor protein to detect multiple pathogens.