Recent advancements in machine learning and neural networks enable real-time computer-generated holograms, overcoming data transmission challenges. Larger spatial light modulators and improved rendering hardware are also bringing holographic projection systems closer to consumer market.
Researchers developed a new fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) technique to study DNA compaction and gene activities in live cells. The method enables fine measurements of DNA compaction, revealing differences in compaction between gene-rich and gene-poor chromatin domains.
Researchers discover that lipid droplets can be used as endogenous intracellular microlenses to enhance fluorescence imaging in living cells. This technique reduces the required excitation power by up to 73% and enables efficient detection of fluorescent signals from extracellular environments.
Researchers have developed a new laser speckle imaging technique that can monitor blood flow velocity in thick tissue without the need for surgical windows or optical clearing. This non-invasive method uses transmission detection to improve signal-to-background ratio and enables individual-vessel resolution in human subjects.
The article examines the inconsistencies in holography's language and its evolution across diverse communities. The pioneers created a useful and accurate language, but much of it has been lost over time. A layman can describe a hologram as a window that transforms light into a different wave, enabling viewing of a 3D image.
Scientists develop novel trapping method to measure extremely small forces using a hairdryer-balloon setup, detecting femtoNewton-range forces without laser-particle contact. This approach has significant implications for the life sciences and beyond.
Researchers have developed a new method for 3D imaging without distal optics, enabling high-resolution endomicroscopy with diameters below 0.5 millimeters. The approach uses diffractive optical elements to compensate phase distortions in fiber bundles, allowing for robust and low-cost medical imaging.
A new technique using thin-film neural networks (TFNNs) improves processing times for all-optical neural networks and enables fast optimization of photonic devices. The approach accelerates the design and fabrication of multilayer thin films, mimicking human retina cells.
A team of scientists developed a unique technology to measure optical fiber diameter without damaging it, using forward stimulated Brillouin scattering. This allows for accurate measurements up to several kilometers and significantly higher spatial resolution.
Researchers developed a novel PSOCT method, polarization state tracing (PST), to image depth-resolved collagen organization within living tissues without damaging the sample. This allows for accurate clinical diagnosis and image-guided surgery, targeting precision medicine.
Researchers have created a wide-range luminescent thermometer using Pr3+ and YAl3(BO3)4:Pr3+,Gd3+, which offers high precision and low uncertainty in temperature measurement. This thermometer can measure temperatures between 30 K and 800 K with constant relative measurement uncertainty.
Researchers developed a GeSn-on-insulator (GeSnOI) technology for high-performance GeSn lasers, tackling interface defects, strain engineering, thermal management, and optical confinement. This leads to improved laser properties, including lower threshold, higher maximum lasing temperature, and stronger lasing intensity.
A new deep learning-powered approach transforms RCM images into virtually-stained H&E images, enabling the analysis of microscopic skin features without invasive biopsies. This technique, called virtual histology, can diagnose various skin conditions, including basal cell carcinoma and melanocytic nevi.
Scientists design a special metamaterial that achieves 'zero index' with infinite effective spatial wavelength, overcoming limitations of short spatial wavelength in the optical regime. DCZIMs offer advantages over other mechanisms, including no ohmic losses and scalable fabricating using standard planar processes.
Researchers create a novel concept to improve supercontinuum light sources by incorporating nano-films into microstructured fibers. This results in broad and flattened output spectra with low input energy, ideal for applications like optical coherence tomography and field hand-held spectroscopy.
Researchers investigated exciton diffusion behavior in WSe2 monolayer flake under phonon scattering and disorder potentials. Temperature manipulation optimizes the competition between exciton localization and phonon-exciton scattering, leading to improved exciton diffusion coefficient.
A team of scientists has developed a novel method to characterize microscope objectives without an aberration-less reference element, enabling error correction and precise data collection. Using nanoscale dipole scatterers, they create a nearly-perfect reference wave for measurement.
A novel core-shell plasmonic metal nanostructure enhances coupling with perovskite material, effectively filling deep level trap states at grain boundaries. The incorporation of this technology improves photo-generated current and device performance by increasing open circuit voltage and filling factor.
Recent advances in holographic optical elements, surface relief gratings, metasurfaces, and micro-LEDs offer new optical architectures to break the etendue limitation in AR/VR displays. These innovations have led to improved system performance, reduced size, and increased weight tolerance.
Physicists discover skyrmions can fly through electromagnetic pulses with controlled topological complexity. The supertoroidal pulse, a generalization of the 'Flying Doughnut', features fractal-like toroidal structures and multiple singularities.
Researchers have developed a glasses-free 3D display with an unprecedented field of view of 160°, overcoming critical trade-offs in spatial resolution and angular resolution. The display uses a large-scale 2D-metagrating complex to manipulate view distribution and achieve a thin form factor.
Researchers have developed a new multiferroic solar PV device with high photoconversion efficiency and stability. They attribute the improvement to ferroelectric polarization and magnetization regulation mechanisms, which enhance carrier separation and reduce recombination rates.
Researchers developed a method to detect topological phase using quench dynamics and synthetic frequency dimension, simplifying the characterization of non-equilibrium states. The study proposes a new approach for performing dynamical characterization of topological quantum phases in different models.
A team of scientists developed a photon-counting distributed free-space spectroscopy (PDFS) to analyze atmospheric gas composition. The method provides range-resolved spectra of CO2 and HDO over 6 km, offering insights into chemical processes in the atmosphere.
Researchers reviewed the progress of Single-Emissive Layer White Light Emitting Diodes (SEL-WLEDs), highlighting their advantages in low cost, simple process, and material stability. The study proposes perovskite materials as a feasible path to commercialization.
A team of scientists from Germany develops a novel all-fiber based endoscopic set-up for multimodal non-linear endoscopy, allowing for the reliable assessment of tissue and successful surgery. The probe enables label-free tissue diagnostics, including tumor margin detection, and has the potential to improve patient care and reduce costs.
A team of researchers has discovered radiationless anapole states in on-chip photonics, which enable the creation of highly sensitive biosensors and nonlinear signal processing systems. The discovery allows for tunability of anapole states within a wide wavelength range, with enhanced energy concentration inside nanoparticles.
A team developed a smart microscope that adapts to curved biological surfaces, reducing irradiation by up to 100 times. This breakthrough technology enables long-term imaging of fragile objects like embryos and organoids.
Researchers at Purdue University developed a new method for rapid, continuous projection multi-photon 3D printing, allowing for the creation of complex structures in under a second. This technique uses spatiotemporal focusing to print entire layers instantly, enabling the production of smooth and complex shapes without layering artifacts.
Researchers have developed an all-optical processor that uses spatially-engineered diffractive surfaces to compute arbitrary linear transforms, eliminating the need for digital processors. The processing speed is comparable to light propagation, and the system consumes no power except for illumination.
A new platform enables simultaneous meeting of three critical requirements: low defect density, large dimension, and efficient light coupling with Si-waveguides. The monolithic InP/SOI platform features sub-micron wires and membranes grown using lateral aspect ratio trapping.
Researchers developed a unified framework for high-quality NLOS reconstructions using Signal-object collaborative regularization (SOCR) method. The technique recovers location, shape, albedo, and normal of targets with clear local structures, sharp boundaries, and little noise, even in heavy noise conditions.
The study proposes a new fluorescence imaging window, extending the near-infrared range to improve image quality. Simulation results show that using PbS/CdS core-shell quantum dots with specific peak emission wavelengths can reduce background attenuation and enhance image clarity.
A new metrology instrument and techniques have been developed to characterize strongly curved high-quality X-ray mirrors, enabling unprecedented accuracy. The technique, known as speckle angular measurement (SAM), can push the precision of slope error measurements down to 20nrad rms.
Researchers propose a novel key distribution scheme based on mode-shift keying chaos synchronization to overcome limitations of laser transition time, achieving 0.7503 Gbit/s rate with high security. The method uses Fabry-Perot lasers and random drive source to generate chaotic waveforms, which are then quantized to produce random bits.
Researchers found that modulated 1070-nm light improved AD mice' memory and cognitive skills by reducing A± plaque buildup and promoting microglia responses. This non-invasive therapy may offer a novel approach to AD treatment.
Scientists propose Source-independent Radiometric Calibration (SIRC) for high-accuracy infrared remote sensing, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. SIRC requires only temperature information and modeling to implement calibration, providing a more reliable and traceable way.
A team of scientists developed a simple-to-implement plasmonic optical fiber biosensing platform to detect estrogenic endocrine disruptors. The platform can detect EEs down to 1.5 ng L^-1 estradiol equivalent concentration, the lowest limit of detection for any estrogen receptors-based detection reported to date.
Digital holography enhances non-contact, precise, and dynamic measurements for complex amplitude analysis. Common-path configurations share paths between object and reference beams, improving temporal stability.
Researchers have developed a new type of photodetector using MXene and GaN materials, showing improved responsivity, dark current, and noise in the blue-green light spectrum. The use of MXene-GaN van der Waals interfaces reduces defect states and improves the device's performance.
A new quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) network has been demonstrated by a team of scientists, enabling 15 users to communicate securely over long distances. The network uses time-energy entanglement and sum-frequency generation (SFG), achieving a fidelity of greater than 95% for entangled states shared between users.
A team of scientists demonstrated an optical localization-induced nonlinear competition mechanism to control laser-induced periodic surface structuring. The method produces large-scale high-quality thin-film nanogratings by optimizing laser pulse energy and using laser direct writing.
Researchers develop a theory and experimentally demonstrate micro-scale opto-thermo-mechanical actuation using nanosecond laser pulses, enabling sub-nanometer resolution and controllable motion. The technique has potential applications in lab-on-a-chip technologies and optical modulation.
A novel fiber-tip-polymer clamped-beam probe micro-force sensor was developed using femtosecond-laser-induced two-photon polymerization technique. The sensor exhibited an ultrahigh force sensitivity of 1.51 nm/μN and a detection limit of 54.9 nN, opening avenues for high-precision biomedical and material science examination.
Polarisation optics offers sensitive sub-cellular structure analysis and compatible imaging/sensing for in vivo applications. The Stokes-Mueller formalism and Mueller matrix describe polarisation states, enabling various measurement approaches and information extraction techniques.
Researchers developed phyllotaxis-alike vortex nanosieves that can generate multiple optical vortices within a single nano-device, enabling compact and efficient multiplexing of orbital angular momentum. The design uses judiciously arranged nanoholes on metal films to create multiple spiral patterns, each contributing to a specific OAM...
Scientists discovered hot-band absorption (HBA) in FDA-approved Indocyanine Green, enabling advanced anti-Stokes fluorescence bioimaging. HBA-based ASF has high thermal sensitivity and allows for IR perception, making it suitable for applications such as tumor detection and blood vessel imaging.
Researchers have developed new strategies to optimize multiscale design of macro optics to micro/nanophotonics, enhancing the spectral sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopies. This enables effective signal detection even for molecules with small scattering or absorption cross-sections.
A team of scientists has developed an efficient large-scale phase retrieval technique for realizing high-fidelity complex-domain phase imaging. The new method combines conventional optimization algorithms with deep learning techniques, achieving robustness to measurement noise and strong generalization. By comparing the reported method...
The study reveals that corner states can be embedded into bulk states while being decoupled, forming bound states in the continuum. This discovery extends conventional topological BICs into higher-order cases, enabling robust and localized states in bulk spectra.