A new polygenic risk score is made from genetic variants and lifestyle factors to identify younger adults at risk of colorectal cancer. The study found those with the highest risk scores were four times more likely to develop colorectal cancers than those with lower scores.
Researchers developed a school simulation model that shows how the virus spreads in different settings and calculates the effectiveness of measures against its spread. The model reveals that elementary and lower secondary schools can keep reproduction rates below 1 with classroom ventilation, wearing masks, and class size reduction.
A new study found a strong association between social determinants of health and obesity rates, with higher SDOH burden leading to increased obesity prevalence. The study analyzed data from nearly 165,000 adults in the US and found that middle-aged and non-Hispanic Black adults were more likely to be overweight or obese.
A new BU study found that nearly one in ten infant deaths under 6 months old were caused by RSV, with two-thirds occurring outside of hospitals. The virus was primarily concentrated in infants under 3 months old, and preventative measures such as maternal vaccinations could effectively reduce mortality rates.
A recent review highlights the potential of structural proteomics in understanding pathological processes and predicting drug candidates for neurodegenerative diseases. The field combines protein chemistry and mass spectrometry to determine protein structure and interactions, which can lead to breakthroughs in treating serious health c...
A global study of over 50,000 people found that national identity is a strong predictor of support for public health policies during the pandemic. Those who identify more strongly with their nation are more willing to accept restrictions and support policy measures.
Researchers discovered non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analogs that demonstrate therapeutic effects, offering an alternative solution to the characteristic hallucinations of traditional psychedelics. The findings may lead to the development of safe and effective drugs for treating PTSD, anxiety, and depression.
A Stanford-led study reveals methane leaking from US homes has a significant climate impact and exposes people to respiratory disease-triggering pollutants. Cooking appliances directly emit formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxides, posing health risks.
A study by Baylor College of Medicine, Yale University and others found altered gene expression and cell interactions in epithelial, endothelial and macrophage cells in COPD. The research provides new insights into cellular injury and inflammation in the disease.
Researchers develop a method called Cell Painting that uses morphological profiling to detect side effects of substances on cells, enabling the identification of tubulin-modulating compounds. The study reveals over 1% of tested substances have this effect, including previously unknown reference substances.
A recent study found that more than half of nurses experienced difficulty sleeping during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic, with reduced sleep increasing odds of anxiety and depression. The researchers urge employers to address work stress and provide support for mental healthcare.
A large real-world study published by Israel's Clalit Research Institute found that parental vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine decreased the risk of infection for unvaccinated children by 58.1%, regardless of household size or child age. Vaccination also reduced transmission from infected parents to their unvaccinated children.
Researchers at Uppsala University found that DNA-binding proteins often bind to similar sequences before finding their target, contradicting previous assumptions about gene regulation. This discovery explains how these proteins can rapidly adapt to changing environments without getting stuck on specific sequences.
Researchers have demonstrated the Kondo effect in a transition metal oxide, CCRO, with a high Kondo temperature of at least 500K. The study resolves previous conflicting discussions and brings the Kondo field into the research area of transition metal oxides.
A new care pathway has been shown to reduce long-term pain and improve quality of life for people after knee replacement surgery. The STAR care pathway is cost-effective and could potentially save the NHS up to £14 million per year.
Researchers have discovered how carbohydrates interact with lignin in plant biomass, revealing new information on the organization of lignin-carbohydrate interfaces. This discovery can help advance technology for using biomass as a renewable resource for energy and materials.
Researchers from Kavli Institute and University of Minnesota create new optical element using alumina, improving telescope performance in studying cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. The innovation reduces reflections by fifty-fold, allowing for more efficient instruments to study the Big Bang and universe's evolution.
A cost-effective artificial leaf from the University of Illinois Chicago can capture carbon dioxide at rates 100 times better than current systems. It works in real-world environments and releases CO2 for fuel and materials.
Scientists sequenced DNA and measured Island Monarchs, revealing they settle down more readily than expected after colonizing an island. The study confirms the importance of island regions in species evolution, adding new knowledge to biogeography.
Hospitalizations for hypertensive crises more than doubled between 2002 and 2014, despite reports of overall progress in blood pressure control. The study found that women had similar hospital mortality rates to men, but with a higher risk of dying during a hypertensive crisis.
Researchers found that coral species with faster skeletal crystallization rates are more resilient to ocean acidification. A team of UW-Madison students contributed to the analysis and were co-authors on the study. The findings have significant implications for developing mitigation strategies against ocean acidification.
Researchers have discovered a new class of chirp-free pulse in normal-dispersion fiber lasers, termed as birefringence-managed soliton. This pulse is formed through the interaction between polarization-maintaining fiber and the laser cavity, resulting in a unique vector soliton with near-chirp-free properties.
A Zika virus vaccine candidate has been shown to prevent fetal malformations and detect maternal antibodies in pregnant animals. The vaccine has demonstrated high levels of protection against Zika infection in both mice and marmosets, with over 90% effectiveness observed.
A study of 744 Polish adults found that less than two thirds can correctly estimate their own BMI, with men underestimating their size more frequently. The research suggests that psychological interventions may help people better manage their weight by addressing body size perceptions.
The cryptocurrency market is maturing, with cryptocurrencies showing correlations with traditional markets, including the US stock market and commodity markets. This suggests that the market is becoming more like a commodity market, similar to gold or silver.
Researchers found that a large Early Holocene cemetery in Northern Russia was used for only one to two centuries and reveals human stress caused by a global cooling event. The team believes the creation of the cemetery shows a social response to climate change, with abundant grave offerings indicating complex social systems.
A team of scientists from Pusan National University conducted an updated meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between alcohol consumption and unprovoked seizures and epilepsy. They found that overall, alcohol drinkers were at a significantly higher risk of developing epilepsy compared to non-drinkers.
A survey of 6,600 childcare professionals found a strong association between mask-wearing children aged 2+ and subsequent COVID-19-related program closures. The study suggests that masks may play a role in the spread of the virus.
Researchers from GIST have designed a novel silk-based digital security system that is practically unbreachable, utilizing unique physical components and optical technology. The system uses natural silk fibers to create a unique pattern of light intensity, which is converted into a digital format for authentication.
A new study reveals that trees benefit from having more space, reducing competition and helping them recover from fire damage. By alleviating stress caused by neighbors competing for limited water resources, trees can fend off beetle attacks and heal after fire, increasing their chances of survival.
Geoff Wehmeyer has been awarded a National Science Foundation CAREER Award to deepen understanding of nanoscale heat transfer and improve device performance. He will use scanning transmission electron microscopy nano-thermometry experiments to better understand interfacial heat transport.
A new study reveals that microbes in the guts of hibernating ground squirrels play a crucial role in recycling nutrients and maintaining muscle mass. The discovery could have significant implications for humans with muscle-wasting disorders and astronauts on extended space voyages.
A new study found that curtailed sleep increases the release of troponin after exercise, a biomarker linked to cardiovascular disease. While regular exercise counters adverse effects of sleep loss on metabolism, curtailed sleep may increase the risk of heart injury during strenuous exercise.
New study reveals tradeoff between water quality and emissions on farms, highlighting potential environmental benefits of conservation practices. Researchers found that split nitrogen applications had no impact on nitrous oxide levels, but cover crops increased emissions by spikes in summer.
Researchers review resolution enhancement approaches for digital holographic microscopy, including illumination modulation techniques and holographic recording enhancements. They also explore the potential of deep learning to improve DHM resolution.
The article highlights the disproportionate impact of environmental exposures on the LGBTQ+ community due to social and economic inequalities. The authors recommend implementing a system to collect sexual orientation data and incorporating LGBTQ+ issues into environmental justice research.
A new study found a significant decrease in the development of forest and agricultural land from 2000 to 2015 due to rising gas prices. The research used data from the US Department of Agriculture's National Resources Inventory to analyze county-level land development patterns across the contiguous US states.
Researchers used climate models and land use data to forecast watershed impact, finding average annual runoff may increase by 26% with conservation efforts. Runoff could rise by 67% if urban growth continues unabated, leading to increased pollutants.
A large new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that living near or downwind of unconventional oil and gas development increases the risk of early death in elderly people. The study suggests that airborne contaminants emitted by UOGD are contributing to increased mortality.
A new study found that patients with chronic non-communicable diseases are more than twice as likely to die from any cause if they also have a psychiatric comorbidity. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were associated with higher all-cause mortality rates, ranging from 5.5-21.1%.
Scientists discovered that surviving bacteria share a common feature: they accumulate acid in their cells, shutting down protein synthesis. This leads to increased survival and can be exploited to develop new antimicrobial treatments.
A recent study published in JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery found that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant increase in cases of sudden sensorineural hearing loss, also known as sudden deafness, in Israel.
A study published in European Respiratory Journal found pulse oximeters give false readings of up to 7% higher in patients with Mixed, Black, and Asian ethnicities compared to White patients. This can delay timely treatment for Covid-19 pneumonia, leading to poorer outcomes.
The study found that trace solvent additives enhance ordering and crystallization of polymer microstructure, increasing power conversion and photocurrent density by up to 3 times. This improvement helps form a network that efficiently transports photogenerated charges, increasing local photocurrents.
Breakthrough research reveals Tuberous Sclerosis Complex arises from human-specific progenitor cells, explaining its pathology. Human-derived cerebral organoid models shed light on complex brain development and potential mechanisms for other diseases.
A new poll shows that most teens and young adults know it's possible to catch or spread a sexually transmitted infection by having unprotected oral sex, but over half underestimate the level of that risk. Young people also call for more education about the risks of oral sex and normalization of protection through popular culture.
A recent study published by The Obesity Society found that metabolic adaptation after weight loss increases the time necessary to achieve weight-loss goals in premenopausal women. The study, which included 65 participants, revealed a significant delay in achieving weight-loss goals due to metabolic adaptation.
Researchers investigated geographic disparities in initial breast cancer care, finding significant regional variations and unequal distribution of resources. The study suggests that both patient-level factors and regional characteristics contribute to these disparities, affecting treatment outcomes.
A new study found that COVID-19 disruptions in homes with two or more children lead to higher levels of mental health struggles for one sibling, causing negative parenting and a feedback loop. Researchers suggest family therapy could be helpful for households adjusting to the pandemic.
Researchers at University of California San Francisco have catalogued over 40 previously unknown cell types in the human brain's blood vessels. These findings connect hemorrhagic stroke with novel immune cells, offering new targets for therapies.
Researchers at the Earlham Institute developed a new approach to analyze metagenomic samples, combining advanced sampling techniques with mathematical models, to reveal crucial details of low-abundance species. This method, called adaptive sampling, offers a potential solution to enrich species of interest in metagenomic samples.
The MIT team developed a computer model that can perform sound localization tasks as well as humans, and adapts to real-world environments. The model uses convolutional neural networks and was trained on over 400 sounds, including human voices and animal sounds.
A national survey of over 2,000 adults aged 50-80 found that most support steps to reduce firearm injury risk, including safety counseling and background checks. The study highlights opportunities to help older adults recognize and address risks in their homes, particularly for those living with children or experiencing cognitive decline.
Researchers at MIT have developed ultrathin superconducting qubits using hexagonal boron nitride, enabling smaller devices with reduced interference. The material's defect-free structure reduces cross-talk, paving the way for thousands of qubits in a device.
A recent Oregon State University study found that 11th-grade students in four-day schools performed worse on standardized math tests compared to those in five-day schedules. The effect was more pronounced among students in non-rural schools and limited to math, while reading achievement showed no significant gap.
A new study in mice suggests that an unhealthy vaginal microbiome in pregnant mothers can increase pup deaths and alter development in surviving babies. A healthier diet rich in fiber-containing fruits and vegetables may counteract these effects, particularly in vulnerable populations.
Researchers found that rural areas have similar levels of oxidative potential as urban areas, challenging the misconception that air pollution is more toxic in urban settings. The study also showed that summertime agricultural activity can produce PM2.5 particles that are just as toxic as those from urban settings.
A multidisciplinary team at UNIGE has developed a simple mathematical equation to explain the complex distribution of scales in ocellated lizards. This discovery contributes to a better understanding of skin color pattern evolution and provides an optimal pattern for animal survival.
A clinical trial found that combining remdesivir with hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin did not improve health status or safety for adults hospitalized with COVID-19. The trial also showed a higher risk of adverse outcomes among patients who generated SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies before treatment.
A recent study uses deep neural networks to analyze CT scans of dinosaur fossils, reducing manual segmentation time from days to minutes.