Articles tagged with Systems Biology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
AI systems have a 'near unlimited capacity' for data processing and learning, potentially making diagnoses and surgical interventions more accurate. However, doctors will remain essential for holistic patient care, addressing individual preferences and social circumstances.
Researchers developed a new, BNP-based staging system to predict survival in AL Amyloidosis patients, improving access at hospitals without NT-proBNP testing. The study found the system accurately identified cardiac involvement and separated patients into survival stages.
Researchers developed a new approach to identify flavor-giving protein fragments in fermented foods. The 'sensoproteomics' method efficiently and quickly identified the decisive fragments responsible for bitter flavors in cheese, reducing possibilities from 1,600 to 17. This innovation aims to optimize the taste of various products.
Researchers found that AI models performed significantly worse on X-rays from outside their own network compared to those from within. The study highlights the importance of carefully testing AI performance in real-world clinical settings.
Researchers at Rutgers University developed a device that improved balance in 100% of veterans with Gulf War Illness by stimulating the vestibular system. The findings suggest correcting the vestibular system may treat other conditions associated with the illness.
Researchers found that females without schizophrenia used more complex brain regions to identify others' mental states, while men used less complex regions. Both groups with schizophrenia showed reduced complexity in brain processing, suggesting a potential link between olfaction and emotional processing.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology is honoring distinguished ophthalmologists like Steven T. Charles, M.D., for their scientific contributions to preventing blindness and restoring sight worldwide. Other notable recipients include David Heiden, M.D., and William L. White, M.D., who have made significant impacts through humanitarian ...
Researchers develop a novel combined therapy using icilin, a cold-mimicking molecule, and DMPP, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activator, to reduce excess adipose tissue and improve glucose metabolism. The combination is more effective than individual treatments alone.
A recent study estimates that over 275,000 people in Massachusetts have opioid use disorder, with the prevalence increasing from 2.7% in 2011 to 4.6% in 2015. The study used linked public health data sets to provide a more accurate picture of the impact of opioids in the state.
Researchers developed an AI Clinician system that predicts and recommends optimal treatment strategies for patients with sepsis, showing a higher chance of survival compared to human doctors. The system analyzed 100,000 hospital records and made more reliable treatment decisions than humans.
A proposed taxonomy categorizes conscience protections based on state or private actors, as well as provider conduct. Bioethicists must shape AI and machine learning to prevent moral pitfalls, including exacerbating human biases and weakening patient confidentiality.
Researchers discovered that coated nanoparticles can form sticky structures when interacting with living organisms, leading to new properties and potential impact on cells. The study's findings may help scientists engineer nanoparticles that are 'benign by design', reducing environmental and health risks associated with nanomaterials.
A multidisciplinary team applies CRISPR on a human liver-on-a-chip platform to identify biomarkers for toxicity and off-target effects. The study aims to predict liver tissue response in humans and develop effective gene editing tools.
Researchers developed Prescience, a system that uses patient charts and sensor data to predict hypoxemia. The system provides explanations for its predictions, enabling anesthesiologists to better understand patient risks and prevent complications.
A new approach integrates genomic and temporal information to infer causal relationships between genes, drugs, and their environment, allowing for a more accurate prediction of their interactions over time. The tool demonstrates the improvements in inferring genetic causes of disease enabled by higher-resolution molecular profiling.
An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Arizona State University discovered that living organisms exist in a middle ground of criticality, balancing between robustness and adaptability. The study found that all 67 biological networks shared a special property: they existed in between two extremes, neither too stable nor unstable.
The American Geriatrics Society (AGS) has successfully secured recognition and reimbursement for several key geriatrics services, including Transitional Care Management and comprehensive assessment and care planning for cognitive impairments. The society's efforts involved working with groups like the CPT Editorial Panel and the RUC to...
The EMPROVE study shows significant improvements in lung function, shortness of breath, and quality-of-life parameters for patients treated with the Spiration Valve System. After 12 months, patients experienced a mean reduction of 974 milliliters in targeted lobe volume.
Researchers at Mount Sinai Hospital have found a link between high doses of sildenafil citrate and irreversible damage to color vision. The study used advanced imaging technology to visualize the structural changes in the retina caused by excessive use of the drug.
Scientists introduce a new model of causality that moves away from a temporally linear relationship between cause and effect. This new approach defines causality independently from time and allows for mutual or two-way causation.
Dannie Durand aims to characterize similarities and differences in multidomain proteins across vertebrates and bacteria. The goal is to identify design rules for these modular proteins, enabling predictive models that link evolution and function.
Colorado State University chemists are developing biologically friendly coatings to mitigate blood-device interactions in extracorporeal life support systems. These advancements aim to eliminate the need for blood thinners, reducing side effects and improving patient outcomes.
A study by Daniel J. Scott and colleagues found that surgeons spent significantly less time interacting with patients (10.03 minutes) after implementing an electronic medical records system. Despite initial increases in labor costs, the time spent on documentation persisted, leading to a negative trade-off for patient care.
Researchers found that women who experienced higher levels of trauma and secreted higher levels of cortisol in late pregnancy had male infants with lower birth weights, averaging a 38-gram decrease. The study's results suggest that maternal trauma can have lasting effects on fetal development.
A recent study found that counties with higher population well-being had lower Medicare spending per beneficiary, even after adjusting for household income and healthcare capacity. The researchers suggest that positive environmental and social conditions can lead to health-related benefits and reduced healthcare costs.
Researchers have developed a unique approach using augmented reality tools to provide surgical expertise to less-experienced doctors in war zones and natural disasters. The system uses computer vision algorithms to track and align virtual notes and marks with the surgical region, allowing trainees to remain focused on the procedure.
A team of researchers demonstrated how attackers can modify medical test results remotely using unencrypted data transmission, highlighting the need for improved security measures. Countermeasures include password-protecting systems, network segmenting, and adopting the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource standard
A clinical trial showed AI detected diabetic retinopathy as accurately as expert clinicians, with a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 90%. Early detection may prevent vision loss, which affects 24,000 Americans annually.
Researchers at NUST MISIS have developed a system that improves cancer diagnosis accuracy and provides opportunities for targeted therapy. The magnetoferritin compound, introduced into the body before diagnosis, enhances contrast signals in imaging and targets tumor cells for destruction.
The sudden departure of 800 medical trainees from Canada will negatively impact patient care. The Canadian government must step up funding for residency spots to avoid future shortages and ensure timely healthcare delivery.
A new biosensor allows researchers to track oxygen levels in real-time in organ-on-a-chip systems, making it possible to ensure that these systems mimic the function of real organs. The biosensor uses phosphorescent gel to emit infrared light and measure oxygen concentration down to tenths of a percent.
A study by Lehigh University researchers found that electronic health records (EHRs) left physicians and patients dissatisfied, even after full implementation. Despite improvements in care and outcomes, EHRs reduced physician productivity and frustrated both doctors and patients.
A siloed funding approach hinders innovation and care integration, argue authors of a CMAJ analysis. To overcome this, funding must be integrated and providers learn to collaborate.
An AI platform identified diseases in CT scans faster than human diagnosis, with a total processing and interpretation time of 1.2 seconds, significantly outperforming human triage systems.
Researchers at Mount Sinai will investigate the use of inhaled corticosteroids to treat sickle cell disease, a condition that affects 100,000 Americans and has high healthcare costs. The IMPROVE 2 study aims to improve patient outcomes and reduce ED visits.
The Icahn Institute is partnering with the National Institutes of Health to establish a center for reproducible biomedical modeling, aiming to accelerate development of predictive models for precision medicine and bioengineering. The center will provide much-needed model building resources to the research community.
A systems genetics study in mice identified molecular signaling pathways that predict resilience or susceptibility to sleep loss. The analysis revealed that fatty acid metabolism influences brain activity and phenotypes, challenging the brain-centric view of sleep regulation.
A new study found that rates of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) among Irish patients have more than doubled in the past decade. The study highlights the importance of targeting 'minor' AKI events to prevent severe forms and reduce risk of kidney failure.
Researchers found that bariatric surgery reduces the risk of nerve, kidney and eye disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study included over 3,900 patients who underwent bariatric surgery and compared them to a control group of over 11,000 patients who received usual medical care.
Chinese researchers have improved the adenine base editing (ABE) system to generate mouse or rat models for human genetic disorders, such as DMD and Pompe disease. The ABE system allows for efficient alteration of genetic codes with minimal undesired outcomes, making it a promising technology for therapeutic applications.
A study found that ginger's 6-gingerol increases the enzyme sulfhydryl oxidase 1 in saliva, breaking down malodorous sulfur-containing compounds and reducing bad breath. Citric acid, on the other hand, makes people less sensitive to salt by increasing sodium ion content in saliva.
Researchers aim to understand the biological and physical underpinnings of mitosis, exploring how cells build, dissolve, and reuse structures millions of times per day. They will use physics concepts to analyze spindle fibers and develop a new model for their dynamic self-organization.
A study by Penn Medicine researchers found that pairing an online patient dashboard with 'nudges' to doctors tripled statin prescribing rates, increasing from 2.6% to 8%. The nudges used active choice framing and peer comparison feedback to prompt physicians to make decisions on prescriptions.
A new study by UCLA communication researcher Greg Bryant found that people across cultures and continents can tell the difference between a fake laugh and a real one. The study, published in Psychological Science, used recordings of laughs from English-speaking friends and women who laughed on command to test participants' ability to i...
Researchers at Lund University have solved the mystery of the Xg blood group system by identifying a small variation near the XG gene that prevents the expression of the protein in red blood cells. This breakthrough enables DNA-based typing for Xga blood type, which affects one-third of men and one-tenth of women.
A new study by Osaka University provides crucial evidence for the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic autoimmune disease. The research highlights the importance of type I interferon in SLE development and suggests that targeting this protein may lead to more effective treatments.
Under fee-for-service, team documentation requires physicians to save time to pay for itself; in contrast, capitation-based systems require empaneling new patients to cover costs. Researchers found that scribes can add more visit slots per year than medical assistants under capitated payment
A review highlights the importance of early detection, community-based supports, and caregiver education in caring for seniors with dementia. These interventions have been shown to delay admission to long-term care facilities and reduce caregiver stress.
A new all-optical ultrasound imager has been demonstrated for video-rate, real-time 2D imaging of biological tissue. The system offers significant flexibility in switching between different imaging modes, such as 2D and 3D imaging, without the need to swap probes.
A new study by the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health found that potentially 70,000 opioid-related overdose deaths were not included in national estimates since 1999. Incomplete death certificate reporting hampers efforts to understand the opioid epidemic's magnitude.
Researchers have successfully cultured Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis, using a novel method. The breakthrough, published in mBio, could lead to improved understanding of the disease and the development of new treatments.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and USC have developed a minimally invasive micropacemaker system that can treat faulty heart rhythms in children and adults. The device, implanted through a single incision, offers a new approach to cardiac pacing without the need for traditional pacemakers.
Researchers found a significant increase in specialist referrals among family physicians switching to blended capitation models, highlighting unintended consequences of policy changes. The study's findings suggest that increased referrals may not be entirely necessary and could result in higher costs for the healthcare system.
Researchers have developed a macroscale fluorescence imaging technique, known as macro-FLIM, that can analyze whole mouse tumors with cellular resolution. The new approach enables observation of biochemical processes taking place within the sample, and could potentially find use in clinical settings to identify tumor edges during surgery.
Researchers at EMBL expand Alan Turing's theory to understand how biological patterns are created, introducing a topological approach that simplifies analysis and predicts properties of Turing systems. This new framework enables the design of networks that can produce desired patterns, with potential applications in tissue engineering.
Researchers have developed a dual-therapy approach that combines brain-computer interface and functional electrical stimulation to boost motor recovery in stroke victims. The study found significant improvements in arm mobility among patients who received the treatment, with some scores exceeding twice those of control group patients.
UMass Lowell researchers aim to develop methods for robots to assess their performance in real-time, enabling better task completion and increased efficiency. The SUCCESS project will utilize humanoid robots like Baxter to evaluate their abilities and limitations, leading to improved human-robot collaboration and trust.
A study published in Anesthesiology found that IV acetaminophen does not meaningfully decrease opioid use after surgery compared to oral acetaminophen. Researchers suggest that eliminating IV acetaminophen may result in significant cost savings for hospitals.
Researchers discovered a higher risk of major congenital malformations in fetuses exposed to lithium during the first trimester. The absolute risk was nearly one and one-half times higher than in unexposed babies.
Diatoms, crucial phytoplankton for marine food webs, may become more resilient in an acidified environment due to energy conservation. This study provides context for understanding climate change impacts.