Articles tagged with Databases
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that grape region significantly impacts wine taste and aroma, with Argentinean Malbecs having more ripe fruit characteristics and sweetness. Additionally, wine stored in a dark room aged approximately four times faster than bottles stored in a professional cellar.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have designed a new programming language called Wyvern that allows programmers to use targeted domain-specific languages within the same program. This approach protects against code injection attacks by identifying the type of data being manipulated and using corresponding sublanguages.
Researchers have created a comprehensive database to study microRNA regulation of genes and their targets. The multiMiR database combines 50 million records from existing repositories, enabling efficient analysis and identification of new treatment options.
The Reptile Database has recorded over 10,000 known species, making it the most diverse vertebrate group after fish and bird species. The 10,000th species, Cyrtodactylus vilaphongi, is a tiny gecko discovered in Laos.
23andMe has received a $1.4 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to develop its web-based database and research engine for genetic discovery. The grant supports the utilization of whole-genome sequence data and imputation to discover rare variants associated with disease.
The Duke Lemur Center has made nearly 50 years of life history data for endangered primates available online. The database contains detailed records of over 3600 animals representing 27 species, including birth and death dates, breeding habits, and health information.
Computer scientists at MIT and Israel's Technion have discovered an unexpected source of information about the world's languages: native speakers' writing habits in English. The system analyzed over 1,000 essays to predict typological features of 14 languages, achieving 72% accuracy on average.
A new method using mRNA sequences has revolutionized the study of proteins in the African clawed frog, allowing for cost-effective proteomics experiments. The technique enables researchers to identify and estimate protein abundance with high accuracy, opening up new avenues for research in developmental biology and medicine.
Researchers from SISSA developed an efficient algorithm to categorize big data, grouping similar data points in clusters. The algorithm uses a heuristic approach to identify cluster centers, achieving optimal performance in recognizing individuals and eliminating outliers.
A new study explains how Avibase, an online global database of birds, successfully addresses issues related to standardized scientific names and their meanings. The database pairs scientific names with citation definitions using taxonomic concepts.
The New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF) and the eagle-i Network will make NYSCF iPS cell lines and related information available on a user-friendly, web-based, searchable database. This database will help scientists find valuable resources, enabling collaboration and accelerating research.
A new study by SAGE found that librarians consider article databases the most useful reference source, followed by statistical databases and abstracting and indexing resources. The study also revealed that use of free resources is as prevalent as use of fee-based resources, with discovery services being the most desired.
The State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources report highlights the importance of tree genetic resources for food security, poverty reduction, and sustainable development. The report calls for establishment and strengthening of information systems to support decision-making on forest resource management.
A new study reveals that human activity is driving extinction rates 1,000 times higher than the natural rate, emphasizing the need for better conservation strategies. New technologies are helping scientists collect and share information on species distribution, habitat destruction, and land-use change.
A new study led by Duke University finds that emerging technologies can efficiently identify species at greatest risk and take steps to protect them. Online databases, smartphone apps, and crowd-sourcing are making it easier to collect data on species.
Researchers found that marathon running times are U-shaped, peaking in the mid-20s to early 30s before decreasing. The study analyzed over 45,000 runners' data, revealing a sharp decline after age 55.
Researchers eliminate a potential speed bump in quantum computing by showing that local symmetries are sufficient for fast searches. Global symmetry is not required for the quantum speedup, contrary to intuition.
Researchers used JeDI to map jellyfish biomass in the upper 200m of the world's oceans, revealing that jellyfish are present throughout the globe, with greatest concentrations in mid-latitudes. The study highlights the importance of understanding jellyfish distribution and potential impacts on ecosystems and biogeochemical processes.
A study finds that clinical trial outcome data is often missing or inconsistent in global databases, making it challenging to access unbiased results. The investigators propose strategies to improve reporting, including simpler trial registration and uniform posting of results on registries.
A study published in the Journal of Ecology found that between 45-48% of the world's plants are woody, contradicting initial assumptions and expert opinions. The researchers developed a statistical method to account for sampling bias and made their data and methods openly available.
A revised Australian tsunami database, updated by UNSW researchers, has revealed up to 145 possible tsunamis since prehistoric times, with 11 reported deaths in Australia. The database indicates the east coast faces the most significant risk from tsunamis.
The emergence of big data presents both challenges and opportunities for databases, necessitating the development of new technologies and systems to handle vast amounts of complex data. Various distributed processing frameworks and systems have been proposed to address these issues.
According to a new study, endoscopists' recommendations for surveillance colonoscopy timing are consistent with guidelines in approximately 90% of cases. Quality of bowel preparation was strongly associated with adherence to guideline recommendations.
The OU History of Science Department has received a $350,000 grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to build an innovative collaboration platform centered on the Isis Bibliography. The platform will make the entire bibliography available at no cost and provide users with digital tools for managing research and sharing work.
A team of researchers from South Korea has developed a novel technique to authenticate goods by creating unique patterns made from tiny, randomly scattered silver nanowires. The 'fingerprints' are almost impossible to replicate due to their natural randomness and difficulty in manipulating the tiny materials.
A University of Wisconsin-Madison researcher has detected a potential association between soy formula and seizures in children with autism. The study found excess seizures among girls and in the total sample of 1,949 children who consumed soy-based infant formula.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a new security tool called Practical Root Exploit Containment (PREC) to detect and contain malware that attempts root exploits in Android devices. PREC targets code written in the C programming language, reducing false positives and making anomaly detection more practical.
Researchers developed a mouse whole-brain atlas that maps hundreds of neuronal pathways in the cerebral cortex, revealing a highly organized network consisting of eight subnetworks. This study provides an invaluable resource for researchers studying cortical networks and their role in regulating thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
A new database created by UNC Charlotte researchers identifies 306 'health legacy foundations' in 43 states, with critical information on location, asset values, and grant awards. The database helps bridge the gap in documenting philanthropic assets, which are expected to increase due to healthcare reform.
A new storage system, BlueDBM, uses a network of flash storage devices and field-programmable gate arrays to dramatically speed up the time it takes to access information. The system can analyze high-volume scientific data at around 30 frames per second, making it possible to answer user queries with very low latencies.
Scientists describe 10 new Temnothorax ant species in California, doubling the genus' count, and link them to the AntWeb database with unique identifiers. This allows for easy harvesting of specimen data by other online resources.
The Polytraits database provides a rich collection of morphological, reproductive, and behavioral characteristics of polychaetes, facilitating ecological research and conservation studies. The database's data are also integrated into the Scratchpads virtual research environment and accessible through Encyclopedia of Life's TraitBank.
A US study found that drivers with a blood alcohol content (BAC) as low as 0.01% are more likely to be blamed for accidents than sober drivers. Drivers in this range were 46% more likely to be solely blamed by accident investigators.
Gout affects 1 in 40 UK residents, with the highest rates in Wales and North East England. Only a third of patients are treated with urate lowering drugs, highlighting suboptimal management.
A study from North Carolina State University finds that CT scan data can be incorporated into a forensic database to determine the ancestry and sex of unidentified remains. This may also have clinical applications for craniofacial surgeons.
A doctoral candidate used historical proxies, including coins, to create an interactive map of ancient Antioch's boundaries. She found the city's influence extended farther than previously theorized and was particularly abundant along a known trade route.
A team of researchers led by Sam Houston State University identified areas of improvement in the National Integrated Ballistic Information Network (NIBIN) database. The study found that criminal investigators rarely used ballistics reports to link weapons used in multiple crimes due to delays in reporting. To address this, the federal ...
Researchers found a significant link between the surname Brady and an increased risk of bradycardia, with patients named Brady more likely to require pacemakers compared to the general population. The study suggests that people may have a preference for careers connected to their name, influencing their health outcomes.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have updated a toxicology database to track therapeutic drugs and their unintentional toxic effects. The database, which contains over 250,000 statements, helps investigators develop and test hypotheses about how drugs cause adverse events.
The University of Pittsburgh's Project Tycho has digitized all weekly surveillance reports for reportable diseases in the US since 1888, revealing patterns and insights into vaccine effectiveness. The database contains data on eight vaccine-preventable diseases, showing a resurgence of some diseases despite vaccination efforts.
The IRIS Registry is a centralized collection and reporting software tool that enables ophthalmologists to statistically analyze their own care, compare it to peers, and pinpoint opportunities for improvement. The database will be populated with data from over 18 million patients by 2016.
A Rutgers-Camden professor is building a large-scale database of chemical toxicity information, combining in-vitro and computational methods to provide valuable data for scientists. The online database will aid in drug development by helping determine safe doses for patients.
A comprehensive database of generation lengths for all extant mammal species has been developed, providing a crucial time reference for population ecology and conservation biology. The dataset contains data on adult body mass, maximum longevity, reproductive life span, and age at first reproduction for 5427 mammal species.
A recent study found that almost 1 in 3 large clinical trials remain unpublished five years after completion, with 78% having no results publicly available. This phenomenon violates an ethical obligation towards study participants, highlighting the need for additional safeguards to ensure timely public dissemination of trial data.
A study published in BMJ Open found that the number of newly diagnosed autism cases in the UK has leveled off after a five-fold increase during the 1990s. In contrast, US data show a 78% rise in prevalence among 8-year-olds between 2004 and 2008.
Researchers created a massive online database that matches thousands of genes linked to cancer and other diseases with drugs that target those genes. The database includes over 14,000 drug-gene interactions and is publicly available for research purposes.
Researchers found a significant reduction in deaths among New York State patients with severe traumatic brain injury between 2001 and 2009. Adherence to the Guidelines for Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury increased over time, leading to improved outcomes.
A new £800,000 grant from the Medical Research Council will enable scientists to connect diverse databases and investigate links between climate, environment, and human health. The project aims to develop an IT system and database linking weather, climate, and environmental data with information on health and wellbeing.
A new study by Duke University and Microsoft Research identifies key regions worldwide that can contain the largest numbers of plant species. Protecting these regions may help preserve more than two-thirds of plant species.
Patients with dementia have a higher rate of urinary and fecal incontinence diagnoses, which can affect treatment decisions. The study analyzed data from 54,816 people with dementia and found that those with both dementia and incontinence were more likely to receive medications and indwelling catheters.
Research finds that DNA-based familial search techniques can mistakenly identify second cousins and half-siblings as siblings, with a 3-18% chance of error for first cousins and up to 42% for half-siblings. This misidentification can lead to unnecessary investigations and exacerbate ethical concerns surrounding the use of these methods.
The VASCAN database provides accepted scientific names, synonyms, and Canadian vernacular names in English and French. It also offers detailed distribution information across Canada's provinces and territories.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of California, Berkeley, simulated almost every important configuration of cloth after six months of computation. The team developed an iterative technique that continuously samples cloth motions, automatically detecting areas where data is lacking or where errors occur.
The app compensates for touchscreens' 'fat finger' problem by automatically correcting drawing strokes while preserving artistic style. A large database of celebrity photos was generated through an iPhone game, providing insights into art and perception.
The first global atlas of marine plankton catalogues an estimated 100 trillion individual organisms, revealing surprising similarities in phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass. The open-source database will aid conservation efforts and inform computer models to predict climate change impacts.
Diabetes-related mortality in UK and Canada has declined significantly since the mid-1990s, with a narrowing of the gap in mortality risk between those with and without diabetes. The excess risk of mortality for diabetic patients decreased over time, with notable reductions in all age groups.
Researchers found significant declines in diabetes-related mortality in the UK and Canada since the mid-1990s. The excess risk of mortality for diabetic patients decreased by 25%-40% across all age groups, with the greatest reductions seen among younger individuals.
Researchers analyzed data from over 50,000 stroke patients to determine the critical time gap between stroke onset and treatment initiation. For every 15-minute faster interval of treatment, patients were more likely to go home, walk at discharge, and have fewer symptoms.
A new study found that the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) is more accurate than administrative data for tracking 30-day hospital readmissions. The study analyzed colorectal surgical patients and found that 30% of readmissions could be prevented with accurate tracking, potentially ...
A new peer-reviewed data paper compiles information on Belgian ants, highlighting the FORMIDABEL database with 27,642 records. The database provides insights into the indigenous and exotic ant fauna in Belgium, shedding light on their distribution patterns based on vegetation and soil types.