Articles tagged with Colon Cancer
A University of Oklahoma researcher has been awarded a NIH grant to evaluate thousands of natural products with therapeutic potential. The goal is to identify specific components of these products that have anticancer properties and understand how they work.
A new Cleveland Clinic study reveals that diet-derived molecules called metabolites are the main drivers of young-onset colorectal cancer risk, particularly those associated with red and processed meat. The research suggests that addressing diet with doctors can help prevent colon cancer in younger adults.
A new AI algorithm assesses immune cells in early-stage bowel cancer tumours to predict recurrence risk. The CD3 Score test has been shown to reliably identify high-risk cancers that are more likely to recur within five years of surgery, enabling clinicians to make informed decisions about chemotherapy treatment.
A study identifies a 10-gene biomarker that can predict whether stage II or III colon cancer patients will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. The gene signature also has the potential to predict which patients may respond to immunotherapy.
A clinical trial found that fecal microbiota transplants can boost the effectiveness of immunotherapy in a range of gastrointestinal cancers. The study identified specific bacterial strains associated with better or worse responses, and showed promise for improving treatment outcomes.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open shows that an at-home fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) screen can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer death by 33%, comparable to screening colonoscopy. FIT is a non-invasive test that involves mailing a stool sample to the laboratory for analysis.
Researchers found that eliminating racial disparities in follow-up colonoscopy rates and quality would significantly reduce colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. By closing these gaps, the study aims to achieve health equity and find innovative solutions for true change.
Researchers found that regorafenib synergizes with TAS102 to inhibit cancer growth, angiogenesis, and microvessel density in preclinical models of colorectal and gastric cancers. The combination also suppresses ERK1/2 activation regardless of KRAS or BRAF mutational status.
A new study has identified specific RNAs that may help identify stage II colon cancer patients who are likely to benefit from chemotherapy following surgery. The researchers found that certain housekeeping RNAs were up-regulated in patients with recurrence, suggesting their potential role in the metastatic process.
The article reviews recent advances in applying artificial intelligence to oncology, showcasing promising improvements in cancer care. The authors emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, rigorous validation, and ethical principles to harness AI's potential.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have identified cellular and molecular markers that can predict when pancreatic cancer will spread to the liver or other organs. The study found that patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer who showed signs of immune exhaustion were more likely to develop liver metastases.
Researchers at NTNU have developed a way to reconstruct 3D models of the colon using single images taken by capsule endoscopy cameras. These models can aid in detecting abnormalities and signs of disease, enabling specialists to make diagnoses faster.
A subset of patients with stage 3 colon cancer who have PIK3CA mutations may benefit from celecoxib treatment, which improved overall survival and reduced disease-free survival rates. The study's findings suggest a potential personalized approach to additional therapy for patients with early-stage colon cancer.
A study by Nanyang Technological University found that eight in 10 gastroenterologists in the Asia-Pacific region accept and trust AI-powered tools for diagnosing colorectal polyps. The study also highlights the need for more research into what influences doctors' acceptance of AI in their medical practice.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered an attenuated virus that can help eliminate cancer in mice and prevent future tumor development. The therapy works by raising 'red flags' on tumors to alert immune cells to attack them.
Researchers found that metformin increases levels of microRNAs miR-2110 and miR-132-3p, targeting genes PIK3R3 and STMN1 to slow down cancer cell growth and division. This study provides new insights into metformin's molecular mechanisms and its potential as a preventive agent for reducing cancer growth.
Researchers found that only 41.5% of cancer patients could successfully book a new appointment at a clinic due to various barriers, including language issues and workflow challenges.
Researchers created nanomicelles containing substances already approved for human use, which reduced inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and facilitated the action of the immune system. The treatment induced a reduction of over five times in tumor volume compared to untreated tumors.
A short course of immunotherapy prior to surgery was highly effective in treating colon cancer, with 95% of patients showing significant tumor reduction or complete elimination. The treatment also showed promising results in preventing cancer recurrence and metastasis over a two-year follow-up period.
A quality improvement analysis found that many US residents live within 30 miles of a clinical trial site, highlighting disparities in access. The study highlights concerns about equity and fairness in healthcare resource distribution, particularly for marginalized communities.
Researchers at Pohang University of Science & Technology have developed a method to boost bispecific antibody therapies in treating solid tumors. Using rhIL-7-hyFc, they found that bystander T cells can be activated by bispecific antibodies to destroy tumor cells, overcoming limitations of existing treatments.
A study analyzing data from the National Cancer Database found that patients receiving care at minority-serving hospitals were 17% less likely to receive definitive treatment for breast cancer and up to 31% less likely for prostate, lung, and colon cancers. Improving treatment rates could lead to additional patient outcomes.
A Kaiser Permanente study of 316,443 patients reveals that 7.4% repeated fecal testing instead of proceeding to a colonoscopy, and only 41% received a colonoscopy within one year of their initial positive test. Patients who repeated home tests cited concerns about colorectal cancer diagnosis
A study analyzed serum bile acid profiles in patients with colonic polyps and cancer, finding lower deoxycholic acid levels and higher taurocholic acid levels in those with colonic neoplasms. The study suggests a potential relationship between bile acid profiles and colonic neoplasms risk.
A study led by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that offering patients a choice between colonoscopy and at-home tests more than doubled colorectal cancer screening rates. Approximately 10% of participants received colonoscopies, while around 11% completed at-home fecal immunochemical tests.
Researchers developed a novel vaccine combining X-ray-induced dying tumor cells with UNC2250, a macrophage checkpoint inhibitor. This combination therapy promoted innate and adaptive immunity by blocking efferocytosis of macrophages and maturing dendritic cells.
Researchers found that ARID1A mutation renders tumors sensitive to immunotherapy by triggering an antiviral immune response. This could lead to improved patient outcomes and the development of targeted therapies.
A plant virus treatment, composed of cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles, has shown remarkable success in improving survival rates and suppressing the growth of metastatic tumors across various cancer models. The treatment was effective even after surgical removal of tumors, indicating its potential to prevent metastasis.
The newly updated guidelines provide clinicians with the latest recommendations for staging and management of neuroendocrine tumors. The guidelines highlight recent changes for treating these tumors, including emerging molecular imaging techniques known as theranostics.
A new study uncovers obscured contributions to microbiome biomarkers in colorectal cancer development, highlighting potential future targets for intervention. The research employs quantitative methods and extensive confounder control to reveal robust associations between certain microbial taxa and CRC.
Scientists have developed mini-colon tissues that can simulate the complex process of tumorigenesis outside the body with high fidelity. These miniature organs mimic the physical structure and cellular diversity of colon tissue, allowing researchers to study colorectal cancer development and test potential therapies.
A study found that deeper sedation using propofol anesthesia increases the detection rate of serrated polyps, a type of precancerous lesion. This may lead to improved screening for colorectal cancer, especially in patients with risk factors.
A nationwide study finds that individuals diagnosed with colon cancer who resided in previously redlined neighborhoods are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced-stage disease and have worse survival rates. The research highlights the long-lasting impact of institutional racism on access to quality cancer care.
New data suggest that blood-based colorectal cancer screening tests could lead to more cases and deaths than established methods, despite improving outcomes for unscreened individuals. The tests are predicted to be less effective and more costly, making them unsuitable replacements for current screening programs.
Researchers found that next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified more patients with microsatellite instability than immunohistochemistry (IHC), potentially leading to thousands of missed diagnoses and patients receiving incorrect treatment. NGS could guide the standard of care towards using this test method instead of IHC.
A new link has been discovered between FBXW7 mutations and EGFR signaling activity in colorectal cancer. The study found that the mutated form of the FBXW7 gene could no longer degrade the EGFR protein, leading to increased signaling activity and a decreased response to anti-EGFR treatment.
Researchers at MIT developed GastroShield, a sprayable gel that prevents bleeding and leakage from weakened gastrointestinal tissues during endoscopic procedures. The gel forms a protective layer that reinforces tissue integrity and promotes healing.
Researchers question whether micronuclei activate the cGAS-STING pathway, a key innate immune response to foreign nucleic acids. The study found that MN more commonly recognizes DNA during cell division without triggering STING activation.
Patients living in areas with severe primary care shortages have a higher risk of emergency surgery, complications after surgery, and readmission. The study highlights the need for efforts to increase training and geographic distribution of primary care providers.
Research reveals micro- and nanoplastics can persist in the human body for longer than previously thought, being passed on to newly formed cells during cell division. The study also suggests these tiny plastic particles may promote the spread of cancer by increasing tumor migration.
Researchers have designed a candidate drug to target the K-Ras G12D mutation, responsible for nearly half of all pancreatic cancer cases. The molecule permanently modifies the mutation, stopping tumor growth in cancer cell lines and animal models.
Researchers define a 'core senescent profile' in human colon fibroblasts, revealing potential driver proteins involved in CRC. The study's findings provide insights into therapies for improving overall health and preventing CRC.
A new study has identified a strategy used by early-stage cancer cells to evade the immune system. By turning on the gene SOX17, these cells create an immunosuppressive environment that prevents them from being detected. This gene helps cancer cells ignore immune messages and grow in the presence of an immune system.
A new study reveals distinct transcriptional programs and molecular features in right-sided colon stem cells, which may help explain the differences in colon cancer development. The research also highlights the importance of CDX2 in regulating stem cell differentiation and tumor initiation.
A new AI-powered system has been shown to detect 40% more polyps during colonoscopies, a crucial step in preventing colorectal cancer. This breakthrough technology uses artificial intelligence to examine every pixel in the image and alert doctors to potential issues, allowing for more accurate diagnoses.
Men with low sperm count or none have a higher risk of developing cancer, including at younger ages, compared to fertile men. Families of azoospermic men have a significantly increased risk of five cancers, while families of oligozoospermic men have a higher risk of colon, bone and joint, and testicular cancers.
A new study from the University of Ottawa proposes using vanoxerine, a drug initially developed for cocaine addiction, to potentially treat advanced colon cancer. Vanoxerine has been found to suppress cancer stem cell activity in colon cancer patients' tissues and tumours implanted in laboratory animals. The drug works by interfering w...
A new stool test, multitargetFIT-test (mtFIT), detects cancer precursors more effectively than the current FIT test, predicting a reduction in new cases of colorectal cancer and mortality. The new test yields more true-positive results without an increase in 'false-positive' results.
A new machine learning model, COLOXIS, uses data from two NSABP clinical trials to predict which colon cancer patients will benefit from the addition of oxaliplatin. The model shows that patients with a signature-positive prediction can derive benefit from oxaliplatin, while those with a signature-negative prediction do not.
Researchers mapped changes in tumor-related bacteria to uncover potential strategies to combat the rise of young-onset colorectal cancer. Unique bacterial signatures were found in tumors from younger patients, including Akkermansia and Bacteroides, which are more likely to have left-sided, rectal, and advanced stage tumors.
Researchers discovered that immune cells called natural killer cells rapidly lose their functionality when entering solid tumours, adopting a dormant state. However, targeting the IL-15 pathway can restore NK cell activity and improve tumor control. This breakthrough could pave the way for new cancer treatments.
A protein called Ku70 can be activated to help overcome bowel cancer by detecting damaged DNA in cells. The protein prevents cancer cells from becoming more aggressive and spreading, keeping them dormant. Researchers hope this breakthrough will lead to improved early detection and treatment methods.
A Baylor College of Medicine study reveals that dietary folate enhances colon cancer risk in an animal model by accelerating epigenetic changes. The findings suggest a direct link between folate intake and increased tumor development, highlighting the need for monitoring food fortification's long-term safety.
A new study by University of California Riverside researchers found that high-fat diets affect not only obesity and colon cancer but also the immune system, brain function, and potentially COVID-19 risk. The study, which analyzed genetic changes in mice fed different types of fat, showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil ...
Researchers found that colon cancer screenings reduce cancer rates by about 0.5 percent, doubling previous estimates of a quarter of a percentage point. This effect is twice the impact of just being invited to screen, suggesting that actual screening rather than just the offer makes a difference.
A novel inhibitor drug, KRB-456, has been discovered to target the KRAS G12D mutation in pancreatic cancer patient-derived tumors. The study demonstrates that KRB-456 significantly inhibits tumor growth in mice, offering a promising therapeutic option for KRAS-driven cancers.
Scientists at Tokyo Tech developed self-folding polymers to create smaller, safer gadolinium-based contrast agents for cancer diagnosis and neutron capture radiotherapy. These nanosized complexes show enhanced tumor accumulation and penetration, reducing toxicity while increasing MRI performance.
Researchers at MUSC and Cincinnati Children's have developed a novel colon organoid model with naturally occurring immune cells. The model has the potential to improve treatment outcomes for colon-related diseases such as cancer and IBD by providing a more complete human organoid system that can be used to model inflammation in the colon.
A long-term study published in Environmental Epidemiology shows a slightly increased incidence of cancer, particularly colon, pancreas, and stomach cancer in men, as well as lymphoma in women. The researchers used new calculation methods to analyze radiation doses from Chernobyl fallout.
A team of researchers developed a gel delivery system that overcomes challenges in intratumoral therapy. The gel contains an imaging agent and can hold a high concentration of drug for slow release. In preclinical models, the treatment induced tumor regression and improved survival in immunotherapy-resistant colon and breast cancer.