Archaeologists excavated Building G at Tossal de Baltarga, revealing a way of life derailed by violence. The site's destruction was linked to the Second Punic War, with organic remains preserved, including an iron pickaxe and gold earring.
Researchers at Colorado State University have developed a new approach to speed up the development of pharmaceuticals and pesticides. By deconstructing and reassembling common compounds known as heterocycles, scientists can rapidly change their characteristics without extensive synthesis.
A UMaine graduate student's research found that small mammal personalities determine the effectiveness of pilferage in mice and voles. Deer mice were the most accomplished thieves, while individuals with lower body condition and female voles were more likely to pilfer.
Researchers developed CT-Derived Functional Imaging, a software program that calculates lung volume changes and blood mass without contrast dye. The technology has improved diagnoses for up to 30% of patients who couldn't tolerate contrast dye, and also benefits all patients with lung issues such as COPD and cancer.
Researchers used supercomputers to study how fruit fly embryo cells develop into wings, offering a window into human development and possible treatments for birth defects. The team found that actomyosin drives much of the development process, particularly in the lower wing disc flattening.
Researchers at STAR detector observe charged-particle deflection pattern caused by induced electric current in quark-gluon plasma, providing proof of magnetic fields' existence and a new method to measure conductivity. This discovery may aid in unraveling phase transition mysteries between QGP and nuclear matter.
The study highlights the significant decline in hospital services, including emergency medical care, laboratory testing, and cancer screening, as well as supply-chain disruptions and staff shortages. The research also reveals a negative impact on maternal and newborn health, as well as reduced access to vaccines.
A Cleveland Clinic-led team of scientists discovered that protein VISTA can directly turn off tumor-fighting T-cells during immunotherapy and resist treatment. The interaction between VISTA and a newly discovered inhibitory receptor LRIG1 suppresses T cell replication, survival, and function.
Researchers have introduced iso-propagation vortices, offering a solution to increasing information processing capacity while overcoming traditional vortex beam limitations. IPVs exhibit OAM-independent propagation, allowing for consistent beam size during free-space propagation.
Research reveals phages infecting SAR11 bacteria, causing massive cell death and creation of 'zombie' cells. These cells, lacking ribosomes, are thought to be recycled for new phage DNA production, highlighting the importance of microbial interactions in the ocean.
A study of a 74m ice core from the Tibetan Plateau found that bacterial richness increased with NH4+ levels, indicating agricultural development. The composition of bacterial communities was shaped by human activity, natural inputs, and air temperature.
A new tool identifies toxic metals in mineral phosphate fertilizers worldwide, with higher levels found in US and Middle East fertilizers compared to China and India. Researchers use strontium isotopes to detect fertilizer impacts on soil and water resources.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have integrated a quantum light detector smaller than a human hair onto a silicon chip, enabling high speed quantum communications and optical quantum computers. The detection technology operates at room temperature and can be used for various applications, including sensing and communications.
A study by Duke and Columbia Universities found that non-white older adults with mild cognitive impairment reside in areas with more environmental injustices than their white peers. The study suggests that location, race, and environmental factors may interact to impact brain health.
Model disgorgement is a set of techniques that force generative models to remove content leading to copyright infringement or biased responses. Researchers propose this approach to address issues like stylistic infringement, where models reproduce copyrighted works in the style of famous artists.
Expert Insight provides a guide for transplant centers to monitor and address health disparities, including measures of socioeconomic status. The authors emphasize the need for transparency in the transplant process and equitable outcomes. By implementing these measures, transplant centers can improve patient access and quality of care.
Researchers developed a multimodal algorithm for improved sarcasm detection, examining multiple aspects of audio recordings for increased accuracy. The approach combines sentiment analysis using text and emotion recognition using audio for a comprehensive analysis.
Researchers found that large language model-based chatbots fail to recognize users' motivational states when they are hesitant about making healthy behavior changes. However, the chatbots can provide relevant information and support users who have established goals and a commitment to take action. The study highlights the limitations o...
Researchers found that heart rate synchrony was a reliable measure for assessing and improving team dynamics. The study used fire-walking rituals as an example to demonstrate physiological synchrony, which predicted the probability of groups reaching the correct consensus.
Researchers at Bielefeld University discovered that certain gluten-derived molecules, including the 33-mer deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP), form nanosized structures that accumulate in gut epithelial cells and lead to leaky gut syndrome. This triggers chronic inflammation and autoimmune responses in celiac disease patients.
Researchers found that boosting mitochondrial health can combat protein clumping linked to both aging and Alzheimer's. The study identifies a core insoluble proteome enriched with numerous proteins not previously considered, offering new targets for exploration.
A new study using AI to analyze global antimicrobial resistance research found significant gaps in terminology, methods, and communication across sectors. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating surveillance across regions and regions worldwide to prioritize solutions.
A new study found that very early blood pressure lowering treatment can improve outcomes for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, but worsen outcomes for those with ischemic stroke. Rapid diagnosis of the type of stroke is crucial in harnessing the benefits of this treatment.
A new study by the University of Liverpool revisits data suggesting a nutritionally-sound vegan diet is the healthiest choice for dogs. The analysis reveals that associations between dog diet and owner perceptions of health are minimal, with other variables such as age, breed, and veterinary care having stronger associations.
A validation study on the WHO app using AI to detect skin diseases showed good reception amongst professionals in Ghana and Kenya. The app aims to improve diagnosis and treatment of neglected tropical diseases and common skin diseases.
A study published in JAMA Oncology found that AI chatbots can generate empathetic and readable responses to cancer patient questions, comparable to those from physicians. The research also highlights the need for further investigation into the scope, process integration, and patient outcomes of chatbot-facilitated interactions.
A recent NIH-funded study found that adverse social determinants of health are linked to treatment-resistant hypertension in Black Americans. The risk was higher among Black adults than white adults, with factors including lower education and income levels contributing to the disparity.
A web-based cognitive behavioral self-help intervention has been shown to effectively reduce binge eating episodes and improve various mental health outcomes in patients with binge eating disorder. This scalable solution bridges the treatment gap for this condition, offering a promising alternative to traditional therapies.
A team of researchers at USC has developed an 'Airborne Sounding Radar for Desert Subsurface Exploration of Aquifers,' nicknamed 'Desert-SEA.' This technique uses low-frequency radar to map the top of shallow aquifers, allowing scientists to assess their sustainability without limitations associated with in-situ mapping. The technology...
Researchers have uncovered a unique functionality of CRISPR-Cas Type IV systems, which can silence gene expression at target locations without cutting DNA. This discovery holds promise as a potential biotechnological application to combat antibiotic-resistant superbugs.
The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) has released a new guideline for managing nonopioid use disorders in emergency departments. The guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for evaluating and treating conditions such as alcohol withdrawal syndrome, alcohol use disorder, and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. The ...
Researchers developed AI-based headphones that selectively filter out specific sounds while preserving others. This technology uses a smartphone-based neural network trained to identify 20 different environmental sound categories, allowing users to choose what to hear.
A recent study analyzed 53 peer-reviewed Life Cycle Assessment studies and found that conventional plastics are not always the least environmentally friendly choice. Bioplastics emerge as a viable alternative for climate change and fossil resource depletion, but other environmental impact categories show some disadvantages. The analysi...
Researchers developed a groundbreaking point-of-care detection method for Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a bacterium responsible for significant foodborne illnesses. The new platform detects the pathogen in seafood within 30 minutes using recombinant polymerase amplification and the CRISPR/Cas12a system.
A new study from Aarhus University has identified a gene that determines whether patients with prostate cancer develop metastases. The KMT2C gene is found to be crucial for the spread of prostate cancer and loss of this gene increases the risk of developing metastases.
The duo won the competition with an image of an astrocyte cell expressing type 2 deiodinase, a thyroid hormone-amplifying enzyme. Their work highlights the importance of thyroid hormone in brain development and neuron function.
A new detector system uses a combination of metal-organic frameworks and conductive polymers to provide continuous monitoring of toxic gases. The material shows high sensitivity and reversibility, enabling detection at low concentrations, making it suitable for industrial or home settings.
A novel dialogue generation model ETHREED recognizes user's emotion and situation to generate responsive answers. The model uses hierarchical GRUs to track emotional representations, stochastic policy networks for predicting listener emotions, and guided policy search for optimizing responses.
This study investigates the cononsolvency mechanism of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) in aqueous methanol solutions. PNIPAM forms rounded structures in pure water but chain structures in pure methanol, leading to hydrophobic hydration and aggregation in aqueous methanol solutions.
Research found that children and young people who spend more than 7 hours a day on social media are more likely to smoke, vape, or do both. The study suggests that social media platforms' marketing clout and addictive nature contribute to the increased risk.
Researchers at University of Michigan Health have developed a normothermic perfusion system that can extend the life of organs waiting for transplant by up to 24 hours. This breakthrough allows for prolonged preservation without damage or edema, increasing the number of hearts considered for transplants.
A study found that individuals taking probiotic supplements showed increased sensitivity to fairness and a greater inclination to reject unequal offers. This was accompanied by changes in gut microbiota composition and levels of dopamine precursors. The findings suggest a potential causal mechanism linking gut bacteria to social behavior.
A new computational method detects media capture by states, providing insights into regime-driven media control and its impacts on editorial decisions. The method assesses the influence of censorship laws and differentiates between outlets.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a protein gel that quickly and efficiently breaks down alcohol in the gastrointestinal tract. The gel converts alcohol into acetic acid, reducing its harmful effects on the body.
Researchers found that audiences liked AI-generated videos as much as human-made ones when edited by humans. Hybrid video production with human supervision is key to maintaining quality standards and leveraging computers' strengths.
Researchers found that abnormally active B cell metabolism causes an inflammatory immune response in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), leading to nerve damage and symptoms. Emerging BTK inhibitors alter this abnormal B cell respiration, stopping the signaling that leads to MS flare-ups.
USC researchers have developed machine learning models to identify coordinated inauthentic behaviors on X, involving tactics like co-retweeting and text similarity. The fused network approach leverages topological properties of the network to classify accounts and predict their future participation in influence campaigns.
Molecular biologist John Tower proposes a new 'rule of biology,' selectively advantageous instability (SAI), which suggests that some volatility in biological components provides an advantage to cells. SAI plays a key role in evolution, allowing for genetic diversity and adaptability, and may also contribute to aging.
Using tools improves energy intake and reduces tooth damage in sea otters by allowing access to harder prey. Female sea otters, with smaller body size and weaker biting strength, particularly benefit from tool use, increasing their foraging success.
A newly discovered connection between two brain regions may help regulate how much we eat, according to a Northwestern University study. The weaker the connection between these regions, the higher a person's BMI, suggesting that individuals with weak brain circuits may overeat even when full.
A new study found that consumers prioritize animal welfare, freshness, and quality over environmental sustainability when purchasing meat and dairy products. The research suggests that producers can market sustainably produced food products by highlighting their animal welfare credentials.
A Charité study found that taking proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) simultaneously with cortisone preparations is associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory rheumatic conditions. The study analyzed the bone health of over 1,500 patients and found that PPI use led to significantly lower bone density.
Researchers are studying the early brain development of babies born to mothers with diabetes to understand the link between prenatal exposure and later childhood obesity. They aim to identify key differences in brain structure and function that may contribute to the increased risk of obesity.
A study by UMass Amherst researchers reveals key features for developing effective robotic guide dogs, including two-hour battery life, camera orientations, and audio sensors. The research aims to address barriers to adoption of canine guide dogs, which are currently limited by cost, allergies, and physical limitations.
Researchers discovered that increased homozygosity for positive dominant alleles contributes to inbreeding depression. Two-locus interactions and segregation distortion also play a role, affecting the extent of depression effects. The study expands understanding of whole-genome architecture of inbreeding depression.
Researchers found that cerebrospinal fluid immune cells in persistent brain fog from long COVID bear a closer resemblance to viral infections than Alzheimer's disease or post-infectious processes. Recovery from long COVID symptoms is often very slow, with cognitive improvement after two years.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine used genetically engineered mice to study the mechanism of congenital stationary night blindness. The findings demonstrate that a mutation in the rhodopsin gene produces unusual background electrical activity, desensitizing rods and causing poor vision in low-light settings.
An international research team uses wavefunction matching to overcome computational challenges in ab initio methods for nuclear physics. By transforming realistic high-fidelity interactions into easily computable ones, they can perform accurate calculations that match real-world data on nuclear properties.
A new study reveals that Philip Morris International is successfully increasing public trust in industry-funded science by portraying itself as a generous supporter while concealing its involvement through third parties. The tobacco company's efforts to build trust are found to be effective, with participants trusting the science more ...
A team of researchers from Tokyo Medical and Dental University developed a novel kind of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to investigate the detailed structure of the sclera in living patients. They found that the sclera is divided into inner and outer layers with different structural arrangements, which can provide important insight...