Articles tagged with Infectious Diseases
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed a method to improve adoptive T-cell therapy using nanowires to deliver therapeutic miRNA to naïve T-cells. This approach retains the cells' naïve state, making them more effective disease fighters when infused back into patients.
Researchers have identified a new tuberculosis vaccine candidate recombinant protein MDP1 with additional post-translational modifications occurring in Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells. When expressed in M. smegmatis, MDP1 triggered notably higher levels of IFN-gamma production compared to E. coli-expressed variant.
Researchers discovered that Klebsiella oxytoca bacteria compete with salmonella for nutrients, employing multiple strategies to combat the spread of the infection. The bacteria also produce a toxin that has anti-salmonella effects, which may be harnessed to develop new treatments.
A recent study by Tokyo Medical and Dental University researchers suggests that a specific variant of the CARD9 gene prevalent across northern China, Korea, and Japan may have originated from a common ancestor. The c.820dup variant was found to be relatively common in China and has been estimated to be between 2,000 and 4,000 years old...
Researchers identified two groups of follicular helper lymphocytes that produce different types of antibodies in response to virus infections and allergies. This discovery could lead to new treatments for allergy diseases without affecting immune responses to infections.
A new molecular test WID-qCIN detects significantly more cancers and precancerous stages than current methods, identifying 100% of invasive cervical cancer and 93% of serious precancerous lesions. The test reduces the need for colposcopy examinations by 40%, improving the effectiveness of screening programs.
The ACCELERATE program aims to enhance educational experiences of HCC students, providing access to resources and opportunities for biomedical research training. Students will participate in extracurricular laboratory modules, immersive research training, and mentorship programs.
Researchers have identified genetic changes that can leave children born with little to no immune defense against infection. The study links mutations in the NUDCD3 gene to Severe Combined Immunodeficiency and Omenn syndrome, rare and life-threatening immunodeficiency disorders.
A novel real-time PCR method has been developed to detect and identify the emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen E. albertii, which is often misidentified as E. coli. The study found that E. albertii can survive in the human intestinal tract for approximately four weeks.
A new Cochrane review suggests that taking zinc may reduce the duration of common cold symptoms by around two days, but the evidence is not conclusive. Common side-effects include bowel problems, nausea, and unpleasant taste.
A new study suggests that countries should prioritize tuberculosis treatment for exposed individuals with evidence of TB infection, regardless of age—except in high-burden settings, where all exposed individuals should be considered for treatment. Preventive treatment can stop latent TB infections from developing into deadly TB disease.
The disease has devastated susceptible coral species, allowing fast-growing organisms like algae to thrive. This shift in ecosystem balance poses long-term threats to marine biodiversity and coastal communities, with potential benefits including reduced competition for herbivores.
Researchers created panoramic view of infection pathways in human placenta, highlighting potential drug targets for severe pregnancy complications. The study used 'mini placenta' models to map placental response to infections in early development, revealing secondary inflammation as a cause of complications.
Researchers at George Mason University have developed a urine test for Lyme disease that detects the bacteria causing the infection, leading to earlier treatment and prevention of long-term debilitating effects. The test has shown high sensitivity and specificity, and will be made available through telehealth to increase accessibility.
A new ultraviolet light technology called far-UVC has been shown to be effective in killing viruses and bacteria without the safety concerns of conventional UV light. This technology could help reduce the risk of healthcare infections and even the next pandemic by continuously decontaminating occupied spaces.
The Campos Lab will investigate how human papillomavirus moves from lower epithelial cells to the upper layers and into the nucleus, where it hijacks the cell to make copies of itself. By understanding this process, researchers hope to shed light on cell division and viral transmission.
Researchers at Tulane University identified a promising new approach to treating persistent neurological symptoms associated with Lyme disease. Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors showed promise in reducing inflammation and cell death in brain and nerve tissue samples infected with Borrelia burgdorferi.
A new study found that younger people from high-income areas accessed vaccines ahead of schedule, particularly in New York City. This led to lower coverage rates in low-income areas with high proportions of older residents, resulting in higher mortality rates over the year.
A Danish study found that PrEP use was associated with a more than twofold increase in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis diagnoses. The researchers suggest that changes in sexual risk-taking may lead people to seek PrEP rather than increased risks.
Researchers found that a simple pre-surgical infection prevention protocol involving povidone-iodine and skin antisepsis significantly reduced severe surgical site infections. The protocol eradicated Staphylococcus aureus in nearly 40% of patients, with a three-fold risk of developing an SSI associated with its presence within a day af...
Researchers found that humans transfer viruses to domestic and wild animals at a rate twice that of animal-to-human transmission, highlighting the importance of monitoring viral exchange between species. This study's findings have significant implications for understanding zoonotic diseases and conservation efforts.
Researchers have identified a combination of medications that may improve blood flow within granulomas, benefiting drug delivery and reducing bacterial burden in tuberculosis-infected rabbits. The study leverages decades of cancer research to study tuberculosis-affected lung tissue and improves treatment.
A newly developed compound is showing promise as a more effective treatment for human schistosomiasis, an understudied tropical disease caused by parasitic worms. The compound overcomes the limitations of current treatment praziquantel by being effective against the larval stage and resistant strains.
A study of two large European patient cohorts found that increased abundance of butyrate-producing gut bacteria is associated with reduced risk of hospitalization for infections. Each 10% increase in these bacteria resulted in a 14-25% lower risk of hospitalization, regardless of demographics or comorbidities.
A systematic review by Gogichadze et al. suggests that active pulmonary TB screening programs targeting vulnerable populations in low-TB-incidence countries are cost-effective. The authors conclude that screening immigrants and other high-risk groups is a viable approach to detecting latent infections.
Researchers support increased genomic sequencing of dengue for better understanding of genetic diversity, transmission dynamics, and virulence. This could lead to the development of vaccines that don't require pre-screening for serotypes, enabling more efficient vaccination campaigns against this global disease.
Researchers found that genetic variants in the Fore population made them resistant to kuru, while a large influx of females migrated into the region due to flexible kinship systems. The study suggests an alternative theory on how Fore communities interacted with neighboring communities despite fears of kuru.
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology's annual meeting features exciting research findings on antibacterial compounds, whooping cough infection, nicotine addiction, and more. Complementary on-site press passes will be issued to a limited number of attendees.
The uOttawa Faculty of Medicine is encouraging its counterparts to replicate its leadership in planetary health by creating a Director of Planetary Health position. This move aims to prioritize the health of the planet and address the escalating urgency of the climate crisis.
A competition among researchers predicted B. pertussis vaccine responses based on a simple correlation between calendar age and antibody responses. The result highlights the need for further research to understand variability in vaccination outcomes.
A new study finds that the high burden of typhoid fever in sub-Saharan African countries calls for stronger prevention strategies, including the use and implementation of typhoid conjugate vaccines. The study estimates that there are 12.5 to 16.3 million cases of typhoid every year with 140,000 deaths.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reports significant increase in STI cases across Europe, with gonorrhoea cases rising by 48%, syphilis cases by 34%, and chlamydia cases by 16%. The surge highlights the need for enhanced prevention, access to testing, and effective treatment to address this public health challenge.
A novel antibody constant region variant (REW) extends plasma half-life and improves biodistribution, allowing for both invasive and non-invasive delivery. The REW technology also enhances the complement system, providing enhanced ability to kill cancer cells and bacteria.
ISB researchers identify NKG2A-biased immune responses as protective against decreased inflammation and increased survival rates in various disease contexts. The study suggests potential therapeutic targets for modifying immune responses across diseases.
A study of 372 veterans found that COVID-19 infection negatively impacted everyday functioning via multiple pathways. The negative effects on functioning persisted even without a documented COVID-19 infection.
A UC Riverside-led study has devised a way to make large quantities of the Membrane protein, which plays a crucial role in how SARS-CoV-2 acquires its spherical structure. The researchers found that when the M protein interacts with the membrane, it coaxes the membrane to curve, leading to the virus's characteristic shape.
A new review at ECCMID 2024 will examine improving preventive measures to stop surgical infections. It highlights the need for evidence-based recommendations, citing examples such as pre-surgery showering and instrument handling, while acknowledging inconsistent practices.
Research suggests AI can identify key risk factors for outbreaks, pinpointing specific
A new research review at ECCMID 2024 explores the use of AI in infection control, including ensuring correct mask wear and intelligent cleaning. The key to successful AI use is identifying problems and offloading repetitive tasks to AI systems.
Researchers mapped disease dynamics in foothill yellow-legged frogs, tracing patterns of infection across a large geographic range. The study found that drought, rising temperatures, and agricultural land conversion drive Bd infection, with the pathogen affecting nearly entire region from southern coast to central Oregon.
A new study finds that climate change is likely to alter the seasonal profile of disease transmission for parasitic worms, with temperature and humidity playing key roles. The research suggests that infection risk may shift towards northern regions as temperatures rise, while southern regions face more extreme conditions.
A new study by University of Oxford researchers found that around 1 in 200 infections may become persistent for at least 60 days. Persistent infections were also linked to Long-COVID symptoms and viral variants that went extinct in the general population.
Researchers have developed a new class of antibiotics that can overcome drug-resistant bacteria by targeting the physical and functional integrity of the bacterial cell wall. This could be a game-changer in treating infections, particularly those caused by resistant strains.
A UCLA-led study found that a combination of telehealth coaching, peer support, and automated text messages increased PrEP uptake among younger Americans by more than doubling it. The intervention's success suggests the importance of behavioral interventions and wraparound services in supporting HIV prevention.
The American Gastroenterological Association recommends fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) as a safe and effective treatment for most patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. FMT offers hope to patients suffering from debilitating C. diff, enabling them to lead happy and healthy lives.
A 46% increase in gonorrhoea cases in Denmark has been reported, particularly among younger women and men who have sex with women. Genomic analysis reveals distinct clones driving the increase, which may be more susceptible to treatment and have higher transmissibility.
Scientists at UIC and Harvard developed an antibiotic that effectively suppresses pathogenic bacteria resistant to many commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs. The new antibiotic, cresomycin, binds strongly to ribosomes, disrupting their function and overcoming several common types of drug resistance.
Researchers have identified macrophages, immune cells that gobble up foreign substances, in the pleural cavity around the lungs. These cells play a crucial role in reducing inflammation and disease during flu infections.
Scientists at the University of California, Riverside, have identified 898 RNA-dependent proteins in the deadliest human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. These findings could lead to novel therapeutic targets against malaria and highlight the importance of RNAs in biological pathways in the parasite.
Researchers investigate biomarkers from genome, transcriptome, proteins, and metabolites to help tackle the high mortality rate of pediatric sepsis. The review highlights potential biomarkers, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics.
Research from the University of Bath found that people who view stressful situations as threats are more likely to experience health problems, including depression and physical illnesses. In contrast, those who see challenges may report better health and wellbeing, with a suppressed immune system being a key factor.
A recent study published in the journal Blood revealed that hydroxyurea treatment resulted in a 60% reduction in severe or invasive infections among Ugandan children with sickle cell anemia. The findings provide powerful justification for hydroxyurea's use as a standard of care in Africa, which could ultimately save countless lives.
A European study links agricultural activities with West Nile virus emergence and spread, as well as urbanization and migratory bird patterns. The study highlights the need for enhanced surveillance in Central Europe.
An international research team developed a novel scoring system, called the Phoenix Sepsis Score, to diagnose sepsis in children. The scoring system enables physicians to quickly determine the severity of organ failure, leading to improved outcomes for affected children.
Researchers from Niigata University discovered a novel macrolide-DEL-1 axis that drives bone regeneration in aging individuals. The study found that macrolide-based molecules increase DEL-1 protein expression and promote new bone formation, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue for periodontitis-induced bone loss in humans.
Researchers have developed a novel sequential ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI) approach to identify non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), offering a potential noninvasive diagnostic tool. The method uses microbubbles targeting CD36 and ICAM-1 to visualize hepatic steatosis and inflammation.
A subset of CD4+ 'helper' T cells helps fight cytomegalovirus infection and reduces the chances of transmission. The late-rising T cells expand long after the initial response has died down, gathering in high numbers in the salivary gland.
Researchers discovered a gene expression signature that differentiates between symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, as well as positive and negative individuals. The study reveals complex interactions between viruses and the human body, with influenza leading to greater changes in gene expression.
A special Journal of Intensive Medicine issue explores the latest research findings on ICU infections, prevention strategies, and innovative approaches to sepsis management. The studies shed light on key challenges and advancements in critical care, highlighting the need for personalized treatment methods.
Researchers identified hundreds of genes subject to recent selection in six Candida species, providing valuable knowledge for developing better treatments. The study also found a potential spread of resistance through mating between susceptible and resistant strains.