Articles tagged with Viral Infections
Researchers at North Carolina State University discovered that key cell-killing proteins can block certain bacterial infections like Listeria without harming the host cells. The RIPK3 and MLKL proteins recognize the bacteria's chemical composition and bind to it, preventing its spread while keeping the host cells alive.
Researchers estimate tweet infectivity from early retweets to predict virality, finding that infectivity is a key driving force in determining tweet lifespan. A hybrid model combining infectivity and community models yields the most accurate predictions, highlighting the complexity of social network interactions.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy has designed new small molecules that can stop the replication of equine encephalitis viruses in the brain. These compounds have shown a high survival rate in mice, even when delayed treatment is administered.
Researchers found that a significant proportion of patients and healthcare workers shed the flu virus without displaying symptoms, making it difficult to control its spread. The study, conducted at a tertiary hospital in Zurich, tracked over 700 healthcare workers and inpatients during two consecutive influenza seasons.
Researchers at UNC and TMIMS discovered that IRF1 protein regulates RARRES3 enzyme, making liver cells hostile to hepatitis A infection. The study provides implications for cellular responses to other RNA viruses like dengue and Zika.
A new study found low hand hygiene compliance on ICUs, with healthcare workers more likely to move from dirtier to cleaner tasks, increasing the risk of transmitting infections to patients. Interventions should teach workers to move in the opposite direction to minimize risks.
Researchers developed a mouse model to investigate the role of persistent CD30 signaling in blood cancer development. They found that permanent CD30 activation increases the risk of B-cell lymphoma and can trigger cancer through misdirected cellular processes.
The New England Journal of Medicine advocates for standardized care in treating Ebola patients. Recent innovations, such as the Cube System, offer improved patient-centered care through continuous observation and accessibility.
Researchers found that Ebola survivors exhibit memory immune responses, including specific T cells against the virus, persisting over 2 years after infection. These findings could help develop more effective vaccines by boosting key immune cells needed for long-lasting protective immunity.
A small-scale NIH-led clinical study found that pembrolizumab can slow or stop the progression of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a fatal brain infection caused by the JC virus. The treatment resulted in improved symptoms and reduced viral levels in five patients with PML.
Researchers at Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia have identified a new mechanism for assembling influenza A virus genomes within infected cells. The study reveals that viral-induced compartments called 'viral inclusions' use liquid-liquid phase separation to segregate and assemble the eight distinct parts of the genetic material.
Researchers at UConn are using Atomwise's AI-powered in silico screening technology to develop therapeutic treatments for ischemic strokes, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and a pig infection. Early successes have been reported by three researchers, including Rajkumar Verma and Simon White.
Scientists at the Institut Pasteur have identified a cellular protein that can degrade hepatitis B virus DNA, potentially leading to a 'Trojan horse' approach to target infected liver cells. This discovery offers new hope for developing curative treatments for chronic HBV infection.
Researchers at Colorado State University developed a technology that can detect extremely small amounts of antibodies in a person's blood, allowing for faster diagnosis and treatment. The new sensor can detect as few as 10 antibody molecules within 20 minutes, making it more sensitive than current medical testing methods.
A study suggests that tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) impairs immune function and makes flu shots less effective in mice. The findings could explain why seasonal influenza poses a major global health threat.
Researchers have developed a synthetic DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody that rapidly protects mice and non-human primates from Zika infection. The DMAb-ZK190 platform has shown promise in controlling infection and reducing viral loads, providing a potential alternative to existing prevention methods.
A Vanderbilt University Medical Center research team successfully developed a protective antibody-based treatment against the Zika virus, completing the challenge in just 12 days. The breakthrough could pave the way for rapid deployment of treatments to prevent outbreaks and pandemics worldwide.
Researchers discovered that owl monkey cytomegalovirus produces a CD48 decoy receptor called A43, which binds strongly to natural killer cells and blocks their interaction with CD48. This finding highlights the potential of using A43 as a therapeutic tool to manipulate aberrant immune responses.
Researchers successfully transplanted hepatitis C-infected hearts and lungs, detecting no signs of the disease and good outcomes for patients treated with a short course of antivirals. The study found that nearly all patients cleared the virus within two weeks, and graft survival was comparable to non-HCV positive donors.
Scientists have identified a new ebolavirus species, Bombali virus, in an Angolan free-tailed bat captured in Kenya. The researchers found high amounts of the virus in bat tissues, confirming productive infection occurs in this species.
Researchers discovered a new species of ebolavirus, Bombali, in Kenyan bats, suggesting it may be more widespread than thought. The virus does not infect humans and its presence in wildlife could help researchers understand the dynamics of this and other ebolavirus species.
A new study warns that global warming could lead to the spread of disease-carrying mosquitoes to areas previously too cold for them, putting 1 billion people at risk. The research suggests that temperatures are expected to rise, leading to year-round transmissions in tropical regions and seasonal risks elsewhere.
Researchers found that severe flu cases reshape the lungs by triggering the growth of 'tuft cells', which may help protect lung function. The discovery may provide insight into preventing long-term respiratory damage after a severe flu infection.
Researchers discovered that HIV-1 forms nanotubes between macrophages in tuberculosis patients, increasing viral transfer and production. This finding provides potential targets for reducing viral load and improving treatment outcomes.
Researchers discovered a new mechanism by which influenza A viruses alter host immune systems, making them more susceptible to deadly bacterial infections. The PDZ-binding motif regulates cytokine production, controlling the severity of secondary bacterial infections.
A study by researchers at Karolinska Institutet found that very premature babies carry anti-viral antibodies transferred from the mother, suggesting a previously underappreciated source of protection. The analysis also revealed that the protection offered by these antibodies lasts different durations depending on the virus.
A case study by North Carolina State University researchers reveals that an adolescent diagnosed with rapid onset schizophrenia was actually infected with Bartonella henselae, leading to full recovery after treatment. The discovery suggests a potential link between bacterial infections and mental disorders.
A new NIH study found that meningitis can alter the composition of immune cells in the brain's lining, replacing them with cells from outside the meninges and affecting their ability to respond to future infections. The research suggests that infections in the brain can have long-lasting effects on the immune system.
A study published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine found that the composition of a child's nose microbiome is altered in cases of respiratory infections compared to healthy peers. This difference can predict disease severity, hospital stay duration, and likelihood of recovery without antibiotics.
New research from the University of Notre Dame discovers that extracellular vesicles from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cells can activate an immune response against the disease. This approach, when combined with antibiotics, shows promise in treating drug-resistant tuberculosis.
A large-scale study published in the Journal of Hepatology found that antiviral therapy significantly improves survival rates for kidney transplant recipients infected with hepatitis B or C. The study analyzed records of over 30,000 patients and confirmed that antiviral therapy should be systematically offered to these patients.
A study published in Vaccine found that introducing Hepatitis B vaccination in preadolescents led to a significant decline in the disease incidence rate from 2.5 per 100,000 people in 1991 to 1.2 per 100,000 people in 2014.
A new study published in Frontiers in Physiology found that farmed Atlantic salmon's respiratory systems function normally even when carrying large loads of the piscine orthoreovirus. The research, conducted at the University of British Columbia, suggests that infected fish do not experience significant harm to their physiology.
Researchers have found that different segments of a virus genome can exist in distinct cells but still cause an infection, contradicting a long-held model. The study, published in eLife, used fluorescent probes to detect viral segments in individual cells and found that distinct segments are often found in different cells.
Researchers analyzed sentinel chickens to detect Eastern equine encephalitis virus, finding its presence year-round in the Florida Panhandle. A new hand-washing product, SuperTowel, shows potential to limit disease spread in humanitarian crises. The global 'pandemic' of fake medicines kills over 250,000 children annually.
A Yale team isolated antibodies from mice bitten by mosquitoes and found a protein, AgBR1, that exacerbates Zika infection. Blocking this protein with an antiserum reduced Zika virus levels and provided partial protection in infected mice.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have developed a drug candidate for EBV-associated cancers, inhibiting tumor growth in preclinical models. Pharmacological inhibition of EBNA1 had profound effects on gene expression, decreasing EBV DNA copy number and suppressing tumor-promoting pathways.
A new study reveals that a diet rich in birds is the key factor driving influenza A virus exposure in wild African mammals. Herbivores showed low prevalence and diversity, while carnivores had the highest diversity and prevalence.
A study published in PLOS Medicine has confirmed and quantified the association between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and microcephaly in Brazil. The research found that women infected with Zika virus early in pregnancy were almost 17 times more likely to have a child with microcephaly.
Researchers from Imperial College London tracked 613,377 babies up to age 5, finding those admitted for bronchiolitis had a fivefold risk of subsequent asthma and respiratory admissions. Breastfeeding, tobacco exposure, and environmental factors contribute to the increased risk.
Scientists have identified a novel infection route for influenza A viruses, utilizing MHC class II proteins to infect human and animal cells. This discovery raises questions about the risk of spill-over infections to other species and the evolutionary genesis of influenza viruses.
A team of researchers has systematically tracked protein interactions that strengthen the body's defense against viruses. The study identifies 104 interferon-stimulated genes and 1401 proteins that bind to them, revealing varied immune response strategies.
Researchers analyzed blood samples collected between March 2016 and June 2017, identifying 40 samples positive for Chikungunya virus. The study suggests the virus may have circulated as early as 2012 and was likely imported from Central Africa.
Researchers have identified a novel messenger protein that rapidly alarms neighboring cells, enabling a swift response against bacterial and viral infections. This discovery holds promise for understanding and treating infectious diseases, including autoimmune conditions such as Lupus.
Researchers have discovered that bat influenza viruses can infect humans and livestock by using the MHC-II molecule to enter host cells. This finding suggests that these viruses have the potential to cause zoonotic transmission, leading to serious illnesses and deaths.
Researchers found elevated levels of enteroviruses in the intestinal tracts of children with islet autoimmunity, a precursor to Type 1 diabetes. The study suggests that these viruses may spread from the gut into the pancreas and trigger autoimmune responses.
A Monash University study reveals how helper T cells aid memory T cells in optimal functioning and generate a robust response against infection. The research sheds light on the mechanisms behind immunological memory and its potential applications in creating new vaccines and treatments for diseases.
A new study found that genetic diversity is key to helping frogs survive the deadly Ranavirus disease. The research showed that a specific combination of immune genes can help tadpoles limit the severity of the virus. This finding has implications for frog species in Florida, which are threatened by the disease.
A small study published in The BMJ found a link between enterovirus infections and later coeliac disease in genetically susceptible children. Enterovirus was significantly more frequent in stool samples collected before development of coeliac disease antibodies, suggesting it may be the trigger for the disease.
Researchers found that packaging signals on the bird flu RNA genomes are incompatible with H3N2 viruses, limiting reassortment. However, low-level transmission of reassorted viruses was detected, particularly with H5N8 strains.
A new study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found that having HPV in the hand does not increase the risk of transmitting HPV to a sexual partner. Most HPV detected in the hands likely came from a person's own genital HPV infection.
Researchers analyzed blood samples from Ebola patients in Sierra Leone to understand the progression of the disease and potential treatments. The study identified a critical role for choline and microvesicles in the virus's progression, with survivors showing higher levels of phosphatidylcholines and healthy individuals having lower PS...
Researchers at Mount Sinai found that dengue virus infection can enhance the severity of Zika virus infection during pregnancy, leading to increased placental damage, fetal growth restriction, and fetal resorption. This mechanism may explain the high rate of microcephaly and birth defects observed in recent Zika outbreaks.
A novel synthetic DNA vaccine targeting the Mayaro virus envelope protein provides complete protection from disease in preclinical studies. The vaccine induces potent protective and virus-specific immune responses, including neutralizing antibodies and cellular responses.
Researchers found that prior dengue virus immunity reduces risk of Zika infection and severity of symptoms in a Brazilian favela study. Nearly 73% of community residents were infected with ZIKV during the outbreak.
A study by Duke-NUS Medical School researchers has identified a key player in the early fight against dengue virus infection: an interaction between two types of immune cells. The discovery sheds light on how the immune system recognizes viruses and could lead to the development of better vaccines for this and similar diseases.
Researchers sequenced avian influenza viruses from wild birds in Mongolia and found that they replicate in horse respiratory tracts without causing tissue damage. The study suggests that equine infections by avian viruses are more common than thought, with the failure to acquire key genetic changes being the main barrier to disease eme...
Researchers have developed a novel DNA vaccine capable of inducing protective immunity against the Mayaro virus, which causes fever, rash, and joint pain. The vaccine demonstrated complete protection from death and clinical signs of infection in a mouse model, offering a promising solution for combating this emerging infectious disease.
A study led by the Brazilian Ministry of Health found that dengue immunity can protect against Zika infection in human populations. In a cohort of 1,453 residents, those with dengue antibodies had a 9% reduction in risk of Zika infection for each doubling of antibody titers.
A new study from Yale University confirms that people with antibodies to dengue virus were less likely to become infected with Zika during the 2015 outbreak. This finding highlights the importance of dengue immunity in preventing Zika transmission and potentially reducing outbreaks in tropical regions.