Articles tagged with Gastroenterology
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disabling condition affecting up to 2% of the population, with most patients experiencing years of diagnostic delays. CVS can be managed through lifestyle modifications and medications, with timely diagnoses crucial to prevent complications.
A large-scale study confirms the rising incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in Japan, with a significant increase in cases between 2005 and 2022. The study found an incidence rate of 2.82 per 100,000 person-years and a prevalence rate of 10.68 per 100,000 people.
A study by Nanyang Technological University found that eight in 10 gastroenterologists in the Asia-Pacific region accept and trust AI-powered tools for diagnosing colorectal polyps. The study also highlights the need for more research into what influences doctors' acceptance of AI in their medical practice.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have discovered a possible new pathway to treat colorectal cancer by targeting the NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK) protein. The study, led by Irving Coy Allen, identifies changes in a significant signaling pathway in human patients and presents potential targets for therapeutics.
A robotic device mimics natural esophageal and intestinal movement to aid digestion, helping patients with blockages caused by tumors or stents. The device has the potential to improve quality of life for the aging population.
A recent NTU Singapore study found that eight in ten gastroenterologists accept and trust the use of AI-powered tools in diagnosing and assessing colorectal polyps. The study, which surveyed 165 doctors in the Asia-Pacific region, also found that more experienced gastroenterologists perceived a lower risk of AI tools.
A meta-analysis of 15 randomized studies found that patients taking GLP-1 medications experienced only mild differences in gastric emptying, delaying solid food by about 36 minutes. The findings suggest it may be safe to continue these medications before surgery without a high risk of aspiration.
Research presented at Digestive Disease Week 2024 reveals the risks associated with weight-loss drugs and alpha-gal syndrome. Studies found that GLP-1 weight loss drugs may increase the risk of biliary disease and gastroparesis, while an alpha-gal syndrome diagnosis is linked to GI symptoms in females.
Research highlights patient comfort with AI in endoscopy and liability concerns. A new study found that robotic gallbladder removal is associated with lower odds of conversion to open surgery and hospitalization.
Studies reveal distinct differences in oral microbiomes of patients with gastric cancer, premalignant conditions, and healthy controls. Researchers also found a surge in colorectal cancer incidence among young patients under 45, while late-stage gallbladder cancer is on the rise in non-Hispanic Blacks.
A recent study found that patients seen by female gastroenterologists have significantly less healthcare utilization than those seen by male providers. Female patients, in particular, experience lower rates of emergency department visits and primary care office visits after receiving initial consultations from female gastroenterologists.
The American Gastroenterological Association recommends considering endoscopic eradication therapy for patients with low-grade dysplasia after discussing risks and benefits. For patients with high-grade dysplasia, the AGA suggests removing abnormal pre-cancerous cells to reduce esophageal cancer mortality.
A study led by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that offering patients a choice between colonoscopy and at-home tests more than doubled colorectal cancer screening rates. Approximately 10% of participants received colonoscopies, while around 11% completed at-home fecal immunochemical tests.
The study, conducted by Children's Hospital Colorado, found improvements in symptoms and quality of life for children diagnosed with celiac disease after participating in a mass screening program. Mass screening for pediatric celiac disease may become more common in the US, following similar conclusions drawn from European studies.
Researchers identified distinct differences between oral microbiomes of healthy patients and those with gastric cancer or pre-cancerous conditions. The findings suggest that oral bacteria could serve as biomarkers for gastric cancer risk, potentially leading to practice-changing tests and guidelines.
A new endoscopic procedure has been developed to reduce production of ghrelin, a key hunger hormone, by ablating the stomach lining. This process resulted in a 7.7% body weight loss and a 40% reduction in fasting ghrelin levels in a six-month trial involving 10 female patients with obesity.
Researchers have proposed a new concept called fastest recovery after surgery (FRAS) to expedite recovery in patients undergoing elective major gastrointestinal surgery. The approach has shown zero complications, reduced hospital stay duration, and improved comfort and satisfaction compared to traditional ERAS protocols.
A new study reveals that chronic hepatitis B is globally undertreated, especially among women and Asian minorities in the West. The research highlights the need for targeted outreach to reduce new infections and deaths, with oral antiviral therapy being a lifesaving but underutilized treatment option.
A significant gap exists in the colorectal screening process, particularly after a positive stool-based test, where timely follow-up with colonoscopy is often lacking. This can lead to reduced incidence and mortality rates from colorectal cancer if addressed through education and quality measures.
A study of over 7,500 US adults found that higher abdominal obesity, measured by waist circumference-to-height ratio, was associated with a higher risk of fecal incontinence. The researchers suggest that this may be due to increased intra-abdominal pressure and visceral fat-related inflammation.
A study published in The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology found that dietary adjustments, such as a low FODMAP diet and low-carbohydrate diets, resulted in significantly reduced IBS symptoms for over seven out of ten patients. In contrast, medication-based treatment showed fewer symptom improvements.
A new testing protocol combining clinical history with multiple home stool tests could significantly speed up diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by reducing the need for unnecessary colonoscopies. Serial faecal calprotectin tests were found to strongly predict possible IBD, Crohn's Disease, and Ulcerative Colitis.
A new study shows that a massive effort to reduce the overuse of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) led to a nearly 30% reduction in prescriptions, but also resulted in some veterans missing out on protective use. The intervention, which imposed limits on PPI prescription size and refills, was carried out in one region of the Veterans Healt...
New data suggest that blood-based colorectal cancer screening tests could lead to more cases and deaths than established methods, despite improving outcomes for unscreened individuals. The tests are predicted to be less effective and more costly, making them unsuitable replacements for current screening programs.
A new study has discovered that Streptococcus anginosus bacteria play a significant role in causing stomach cancer. The research showed that S. anginosus infection led to gastric inflammation, cell damage, and the growth of stomach cancer cells, doubling tumour size and weight in some cases.
A study published in Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology found that not placing a drain during distal pancreatectomy surgery improves patient outcomes. The study, involving 282 patients across ten Dutch and two Italian hospitals, demonstrated a significant reduction in postoperative pancreatic leaks and overall morbidity.
A new study published in New England Journal of Medicine found that a next generation multi-target stool DNA colorectal cancer screening test detects 94 percent of colorectal cancers, outperforming other noninvasive tests. The test has the best detection rate for both colorectal cancer and advanced precancerous polyps.
The American Gastroenterological Association has proposed a 12-point plan to enhance IBD care in the US, focusing on insurer-mandated barriers such as prior authorization and step therapy. The plan aims to improve treatment access and quality for over three million Americans living with IBD.
A study compared traditional logistic regression models and machine learning algorithms to predict the best surgical technique for patients with submucosal tumors. The traditional regression approach was found to outperform ML algorithms, with morphology ranking as the highest contributor to prediction accuracy.
A UK study published in Anaesthesia found that black children are at a significantly higher risk of postoperative complications following emergency appendicitis surgery, with a four-fold greater risk compared to white children. The study also identified other risk factors for complications, including pre-existing medical conditions and...
The American Gastroenterological Association recommends fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) as a safe and effective treatment for most patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. FMT offers hope to patients suffering from debilitating C. diff, enabling them to lead happy and healthy lives.
Researchers developed a multipronged strategy to identify transporters used by different drugs, revealing potential interactions between commonly prescribed antibiotics and blood thinners. The approach has the potential to improve patient treatment and predict potential toxicities.
A randomized clinical trial compared the outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in 1,735 patients. The study found no clinically significant differences between the two procedures in terms of perioperative risk.
A nationwide study from Karolinska Institutet found that GLP1 agonists like Ozempic reduce the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic liver disease. Those who continued taking the medication for ten years were half as likely to develop severe liver disease.
A new consortium, co-led by Florian Rieder, MD, and Vipul Jairath, MD, will create clinical care pathways toward drug development and improve disease management for patients with Crohn's disease and permanent ileostomy. The EndO-trial Consortium aims to develop effective drugs and measure treatment outcomes using patient-reported outco...
The AGA releases its first comprehensive evidence-based guideline for managing pouchitis, a complication of ulcerative colitis surgery. The guideline recommends treatment with antibiotics and multi-strain probiotics to prevent recurrent pouchitis.
A recent study published in Gastroenterology & Endoscopy found that narrow-band imaging at low magnification can detect lesions missed by white-light imaging. Annual endoscopic examinations using LM-NBI revealed a threefold higher detection rate of neoplastic lesions compared to conventional magnifying endoscopy.
Researchers found that Forsythiae Fructus attenuates cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in cells by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD mediated pyroptosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic approach against chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal inflammation and nausea.
A study published in the BMJ Christmas Issue investigated the effectiveness of cola in loosening stuck food in the oesophagus. The results show no significant improvement, with only 61% of patients experiencing relief on their own. Cola use was found to have no side effects or complications.
Scientists at University of California San Diego develop a new approach to microbiome research, identifying hundreds of molecules never seen before in the human body. They found a strong association between these molecules and inflammatory bowel disease, potentially leading to new diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Women who underwent bariatric surgery had lower pregnancy weight gain compared to controls with similar early pregnancy characteristics. The study found no difference in weight gain based on surgical procedure or surgery-to-conception interval, but suggested a potential benefit for women with shorter intervals.
The American Gastroenterological Association released a new guideline recommending the use of biomarkers to help manage Crohn’s disease. Biomarkers such as C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin can measure levels of inflammation, helping doctors assess disease activity and guide treatment decisions.
Researchers developed a new risk assessment system to identify patients with low-risk profiles who can benefit from liver stents. These patients have a significantly higher mortality rate than previously thought, highlighting the need for targeted treatment and further personalization.
The American Gastroenterological Association suggests a balanced approach when treating patients on GLP-1 RAs undergoing endoscopic procedures. AGA recommends proceeding with the procedure as planned for patients who followed standard pre-procedure fasting instructions and do not have symptoms suggesting retained gastric contents.
A joint research team from South Korea and the US has developed a new genetic classification system for gastric cancer, identifying six consensual genomic subtypes (CGSs) with distinct characteristics. The study suggests potential treatments for each subtype, including immunotherapy and targeted therapies.
A study found that gastrointestinal and sleep issues may be connected to self-injury and aggression in adolescents diagnosed with profound autism. The researchers discovered a possible connection between these health issues and future challenging behaviors, predicting next-day behavior with over 80% accuracy.
Research at the University of Gothenburg found that even low-active IBD patients have a higher risk of serious infections due to microscopic intestinal inflammation. Achieving a fully healed intestinal mucosa may reduce this risk, contributing to lower morbidity and mortality in IBD patients.
Research identifies specific gut bacteria that increase risk of severe malaria in humans and mice, sparking new approaches targeting gut microbiota. The study's findings could lead to prevention strategies for severe malaria-related deaths.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Los Angeles have developed a novel app called the CHALF score to predict if a child with acute liver failure needs a transplant. The tool assesses liver failure risk on a scale of 5-60 and has been shown to accurately predict patient outcomes.
A new multitarget stool RNA test, ColoSense, has been shown to detect colorectal neoplasia with high sensitivity and comparable specificity to existing molecular diagnostic tests. The test also demonstrated significant improvement in sensitivity relative to the fecal immunochemical test.
The study developed a highly accurate AI model for fully automated cancer detection, including small and difficult-to-detect tumors. The model could detect visually imperceptible cancer from normal-appearing pancreases substantially early before clinical diagnosis, with a median of 438 days.
A large-scale study from three Nordic countries shows that the majority of patients with reflux disease do not have a higher risk of cancer. Only those with changes in the oesophageal mucosa are at increased risk.
A study of 151 patients with functional dyspepsia found that turmeric's curcumin was as effective as omeprazole in reducing symptoms after 28 days. Patients who took the combination treatment showed stronger improvements after 56 days, suggesting curcumin may be a viable alternative to conventional drugs.
A new method enables efficient isolation of raccoon-borne Escherichia albertii from fecal samples, providing insights into its epidemiology and facilitating improved control of food poisoning. The developed culture medium selectively promotes the growth of E. albertii at a rate of up to 48%.
Researchers identify key protein interactions that control the body's immune response during liver transplantation, leading to improved transplant survival rates. The study found that a specific communication pathway between CEACAM1 and TIM-3 proteins plays a crucial role in controlling the immune response.
A large-scale study shows that repeated liver stiffness measurements can predict patient outcomes in chronic liver disease. The researchers found that monitoring changes in liver stiffness over time provides a more accurate assessment of patient risk than single measurements.
Researchers have identified a potential new drug that improves both liver fibrosis and inflammation in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The drug, Pegozafermin, mimics the body's natural hormone FGF21, controlling energy use and lipid metabolism in the liver.
A study found that even insured patients with diabetes use crowdfunding platforms like GoFundMe to cover excess medical expenses, including uncovered co-pays and life-saving care. Researchers urge policymakers to consider these needs when developing affordable diabetes care policies.
A novel gene delivery procedure was successfully applied to baboons, achieving therapeutic levels of human factor IX gene expression lasting up to 200 days. The study demonstrated the efficacy of repeated hydrodynamic gene delivery into the same liver lobes, with no significant adverse events observed.
A new white paper by the American Foregut Society outlines best practices for TIF 2.0 and cTIF treatments, summarizing published outcome data and highlighting patient assessment and management strategies. The paper aims to minimize risks associated with traditional fundoplication surgery.