Articles tagged with Gastroenterology
A study of over 7,500 US adults found that higher abdominal obesity, measured by waist circumference-to-height ratio, was associated with a higher risk of fecal incontinence. The researchers suggest that this may be due to increased intra-abdominal pressure and visceral fat-related inflammation.
A significant gap exists in the colorectal screening process, particularly after a positive stool-based test, where timely follow-up with colonoscopy is often lacking. This can lead to reduced incidence and mortality rates from colorectal cancer if addressed through education and quality measures.
A study published in The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology found that dietary adjustments, such as a low FODMAP diet and low-carbohydrate diets, resulted in significantly reduced IBS symptoms for over seven out of ten patients. In contrast, medication-based treatment showed fewer symptom improvements.
A new testing protocol combining clinical history with multiple home stool tests could significantly speed up diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by reducing the need for unnecessary colonoscopies. Serial faecal calprotectin tests were found to strongly predict possible IBD, Crohn's Disease, and Ulcerative Colitis.
A new study shows that a massive effort to reduce the overuse of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) led to a nearly 30% reduction in prescriptions, but also resulted in some veterans missing out on protective use. The intervention, which imposed limits on PPI prescription size and refills, was carried out in one region of the Veterans Healt...
New data suggest that blood-based colorectal cancer screening tests could lead to more cases and deaths than established methods, despite improving outcomes for unscreened individuals. The tests are predicted to be less effective and more costly, making them unsuitable replacements for current screening programs.
A new study has discovered that Streptococcus anginosus bacteria play a significant role in causing stomach cancer. The research showed that S. anginosus infection led to gastric inflammation, cell damage, and the growth of stomach cancer cells, doubling tumour size and weight in some cases.
A study published in Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology found that not placing a drain during distal pancreatectomy surgery improves patient outcomes. The study, involving 282 patients across ten Dutch and two Italian hospitals, demonstrated a significant reduction in postoperative pancreatic leaks and overall morbidity.
A new study published in New England Journal of Medicine found that a next generation multi-target stool DNA colorectal cancer screening test detects 94 percent of colorectal cancers, outperforming other noninvasive tests. The test has the best detection rate for both colorectal cancer and advanced precancerous polyps.
The American Gastroenterological Association has proposed a 12-point plan to enhance IBD care in the US, focusing on insurer-mandated barriers such as prior authorization and step therapy. The plan aims to improve treatment access and quality for over three million Americans living with IBD.
A study compared traditional logistic regression models and machine learning algorithms to predict the best surgical technique for patients with submucosal tumors. The traditional regression approach was found to outperform ML algorithms, with morphology ranking as the highest contributor to prediction accuracy.
A UK study published in Anaesthesia found that black children are at a significantly higher risk of postoperative complications following emergency appendicitis surgery, with a four-fold greater risk compared to white children. The study also identified other risk factors for complications, including pre-existing medical conditions and...
The American Gastroenterological Association recommends fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) as a safe and effective treatment for most patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. FMT offers hope to patients suffering from debilitating C. diff, enabling them to lead happy and healthy lives.
Researchers developed a multipronged strategy to identify transporters used by different drugs, revealing potential interactions between commonly prescribed antibiotics and blood thinners. The approach has the potential to improve patient treatment and predict potential toxicities.
A randomized clinical trial compared the outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in 1,735 patients. The study found no clinically significant differences between the two procedures in terms of perioperative risk.
A nationwide study from Karolinska Institutet found that GLP1 agonists like Ozempic reduce the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic liver disease. Those who continued taking the medication for ten years were half as likely to develop severe liver disease.
A new consortium, co-led by Florian Rieder, MD, and Vipul Jairath, MD, will create clinical care pathways toward drug development and improve disease management for patients with Crohn's disease and permanent ileostomy. The EndO-trial Consortium aims to develop effective drugs and measure treatment outcomes using patient-reported outco...
The AGA releases its first comprehensive evidence-based guideline for managing pouchitis, a complication of ulcerative colitis surgery. The guideline recommends treatment with antibiotics and multi-strain probiotics to prevent recurrent pouchitis.
A recent study published in Gastroenterology & Endoscopy found that narrow-band imaging at low magnification can detect lesions missed by white-light imaging. Annual endoscopic examinations using LM-NBI revealed a threefold higher detection rate of neoplastic lesions compared to conventional magnifying endoscopy.
Researchers found that Forsythiae Fructus attenuates cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in cells by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD mediated pyroptosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic approach against chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal inflammation and nausea.
A study published in the BMJ Christmas Issue investigated the effectiveness of cola in loosening stuck food in the oesophagus. The results show no significant improvement, with only 61% of patients experiencing relief on their own. Cola use was found to have no side effects or complications.
Scientists at University of California San Diego develop a new approach to microbiome research, identifying hundreds of molecules never seen before in the human body. They found a strong association between these molecules and inflammatory bowel disease, potentially leading to new diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Women who underwent bariatric surgery had lower pregnancy weight gain compared to controls with similar early pregnancy characteristics. The study found no difference in weight gain based on surgical procedure or surgery-to-conception interval, but suggested a potential benefit for women with shorter intervals.
The American Gastroenterological Association released a new guideline recommending the use of biomarkers to help manage Crohn’s disease. Biomarkers such as C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin can measure levels of inflammation, helping doctors assess disease activity and guide treatment decisions.
Researchers developed a new risk assessment system to identify patients with low-risk profiles who can benefit from liver stents. These patients have a significantly higher mortality rate than previously thought, highlighting the need for targeted treatment and further personalization.
The American Gastroenterological Association suggests a balanced approach when treating patients on GLP-1 RAs undergoing endoscopic procedures. AGA recommends proceeding with the procedure as planned for patients who followed standard pre-procedure fasting instructions and do not have symptoms suggesting retained gastric contents.
A joint research team from South Korea and the US has developed a new genetic classification system for gastric cancer, identifying six consensual genomic subtypes (CGSs) with distinct characteristics. The study suggests potential treatments for each subtype, including immunotherapy and targeted therapies.
A study found that gastrointestinal and sleep issues may be connected to self-injury and aggression in adolescents diagnosed with profound autism. The researchers discovered a possible connection between these health issues and future challenging behaviors, predicting next-day behavior with over 80% accuracy.
Research at the University of Gothenburg found that even low-active IBD patients have a higher risk of serious infections due to microscopic intestinal inflammation. Achieving a fully healed intestinal mucosa may reduce this risk, contributing to lower morbidity and mortality in IBD patients.
Research identifies specific gut bacteria that increase risk of severe malaria in humans and mice, sparking new approaches targeting gut microbiota. The study's findings could lead to prevention strategies for severe malaria-related deaths.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Los Angeles have developed a novel app called the CHALF score to predict if a child with acute liver failure needs a transplant. The tool assesses liver failure risk on a scale of 5-60 and has been shown to accurately predict patient outcomes.
A new multitarget stool RNA test, ColoSense, has been shown to detect colorectal neoplasia with high sensitivity and comparable specificity to existing molecular diagnostic tests. The test also demonstrated significant improvement in sensitivity relative to the fecal immunochemical test.
The study developed a highly accurate AI model for fully automated cancer detection, including small and difficult-to-detect tumors. The model could detect visually imperceptible cancer from normal-appearing pancreases substantially early before clinical diagnosis, with a median of 438 days.
A large-scale study from three Nordic countries shows that the majority of patients with reflux disease do not have a higher risk of cancer. Only those with changes in the oesophageal mucosa are at increased risk.
A study of 151 patients with functional dyspepsia found that turmeric's curcumin was as effective as omeprazole in reducing symptoms after 28 days. Patients who took the combination treatment showed stronger improvements after 56 days, suggesting curcumin may be a viable alternative to conventional drugs.
A new method enables efficient isolation of raccoon-borne Escherichia albertii from fecal samples, providing insights into its epidemiology and facilitating improved control of food poisoning. The developed culture medium selectively promotes the growth of E. albertii at a rate of up to 48%.
Researchers identify key protein interactions that control the body's immune response during liver transplantation, leading to improved transplant survival rates. The study found that a specific communication pathway between CEACAM1 and TIM-3 proteins plays a crucial role in controlling the immune response.
A large-scale study shows that repeated liver stiffness measurements can predict patient outcomes in chronic liver disease. The researchers found that monitoring changes in liver stiffness over time provides a more accurate assessment of patient risk than single measurements.
Researchers have identified a potential new drug that improves both liver fibrosis and inflammation in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The drug, Pegozafermin, mimics the body's natural hormone FGF21, controlling energy use and lipid metabolism in the liver.
A study found that even insured patients with diabetes use crowdfunding platforms like GoFundMe to cover excess medical expenses, including uncovered co-pays and life-saving care. Researchers urge policymakers to consider these needs when developing affordable diabetes care policies.
A novel gene delivery procedure was successfully applied to baboons, achieving therapeutic levels of human factor IX gene expression lasting up to 200 days. The study demonstrated the efficacy of repeated hydrodynamic gene delivery into the same liver lobes, with no significant adverse events observed.
A new white paper by the American Foregut Society outlines best practices for TIF 2.0 and cTIF treatments, summarizing published outcome data and highlighting patient assessment and management strategies. The paper aims to minimize risks associated with traditional fundoplication surgery.
A new study suggests that high-sugar diets can exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms by disrupting the colon's lining renewal process. The research found that a high-sugar diet led to impaired cell division and altered metabolic pathways in mice, resulting in faster gut damage.
The Chinese consensus highlights non-acid reflux as a significant form of reflux, with nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux being a common subtype. The consensus also emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary care in diagnosing and treating GERD, with various treatment options available.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive magnetic stimulation therapy called ThorS-MagNT that targets hyperactive nerves in the midback, potentially reducing debilitating symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis. In a pilot study, patients experienced significant improvements in nausea and vomiting, allowing them to enjoy meals again.
A study published in Cell Reports Medicine found that pro-inflammatory cell types dominate the intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease, while protective cells are underrepresented. The results provide new insights into the immunology of IBD and may lead to the development of more effective treatments.
Researchers created organoids from patient tissues to test chemotherapy drugs and identified genetic signatures that predict treatment response, offering high accuracy in personalized drug screening. This breakthrough may help select effective drugs for individual patients, reducing trial and error.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital developed an ingestible capsule, known as the FLASH system, which electronically stimulates key hunger hormone ghrelin in pigs. The system has potential applications for treating gastrointestinal disorders and is a promising alternative to traditional treatments.
A new Cochrane Review found that stool transplantation can increase the number of people recovering from Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection by 77%, compared to 40% with standard antibiotic treatment. The study also showed a decrease in side effects with stool transplantation.
The study found that the global prevalence of H. pylori infection declined from 58.2% in 1980-1990 to 43.1% in 2011-2022, with a decline of about 0.39-0.83% per year. Despite this decline, over 40% of the adult population still carries the infection, posing a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide.
Small vesicles released by intestinal bacteria induce immune activation and progression of liver cirrhosis, as well as reduction of serum albumin level, leading to edema and ascites in patients with cirrhosis.
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a higher risk of developing lymphoma, particularly those with Crohn's disease. The risk is driven by both the disease activity and treatment, including immunomodulating drugs.
A UC Riverside-led study found that reduced PTPN2 activity in intestinal epithelial cells leads to decreased Paneth cell antimicrobial peptide production, disrupting the gut microbiota and increasing E. coli. This loss can serve as a marker of IBD disease.
Fruit fly gut remodels itself to accommodate beneficial microbiome species, maintaining long-term stability of the gut environment. The research team identified physical conditions and substances that facilitate colonization by desirable species.
Alpha-gal syndrome is an allergy caused by lone star tick bites, leading to symptoms like stomach pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Patients with suspected alpha-gal should undergo a blood test to check for immunoglobulin E antibodies, and the main treatment is avoiding foods containing alpha-gal.
Researchers at University of Birmingham develop AI diagnostic tool to predict ulcerative colitis flare-ups with 89% accuracy. The system identifies markers of inflammation and healing, providing analytical support for clinicians in managing the disease.
The American Foregut Society has proposed a new classification system to assess esophagogastric junction (EGJ) integrity, expanding beyond the Hill grade. The new classification takes into account EGJ disruption and hiatus hernia extent, providing a more comprehensive understanding of GERD.
Researchers developed a platform for localizing and tracking wireless microdevices in the GI tract, achieving millimeter-scale spatial resolution. The system has potential to revolutionize clinical diagnosis and treatment of GI disorders without invasive procedures or radiation exposure.
A study by researchers at TUM found that gut bacteria play a crucial role in liver regeneration. The microbiome produces short-chain fatty acids, which are essential for liver cell growth and division. In mice treated with antibiotics, liver regeneration was delayed or not possible, but a
A new dietary approach has been identified to treat eosinophilic esophagitis by eliminating only dairy products, showing similar effectiveness to the standard six-food elimination diet. This breakthrough study led by CU School of Medicine researchers offers a more patient-friendly treatment option with fewer drawbacks.