Articles tagged with Immune Response
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill created inhalable vaccines targeting lung diseases by modifying particle surface charge, inducing local and systemic immune responses. This novel approach may lead to improved vaccine accessibility in low-resource areas without refrigeration requirements.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum discovered a protein called RidA that protects intestinal bacteria E. coli from immune activity caused by chlorine. In the presence of chlorine, RidA binds to other proteins, preventing them from coagulating and losing their function.
A phase-Ib clinical trial found durable responses in almost one out of five patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer treated with pembrolizumab. The treatment produced significant activity, with five patients experiencing complete or partial responses, and seven others showing stable disease.
A study found that seasonal flu vaccines protect against multiple flu strains, including those not included in vaccine formulations. The researchers also discovered that exposure to birds can elicit immune responses to avian influenza viruses in humans.
A study found that seasonal flu vaccines can induce strong immune responses against multiple flu virus subtypes, including some not included in vaccine formulations. This could provide protection against emerging pandemic strains from avian populations.
Researchers found that immune mechanisms triggered by viruses differ depending on entry route, with Toll pathway activated for feeding-related infections. The study suggests that understanding these differences can help find targets to block human diseases transmitted by insects.
A team of researchers has discovered that 'back boosting' the immune system by pre-emptively vaccinating against likely future strains of the influenza virus can significantly improve vaccine effectiveness. This approach would allow for more targeted and effective vaccination campaigns, potentially saving millions of lives worldwide.
Research published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology suggests that poor eating habits alter gene expression, leading to persistent effects on the immune system and increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. Even after successful treatment of atherosclerosis, the immune system's function remains altered.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered a key gene that regulates the immune system's transition from high alert to recovery after an infection. The finding, published in PLOS Genetics, highlights the importance of cellular homeostasis in repairing tissue damage and eliminating bacterial toxins.
Scientists at the University of Birmingham discovered how a rare fungus, Cryptococcus gattii, can infect healthy individuals by exploiting the body's immune response. The fungus triggers a 'division of labour' in its invading cells, allowing it to establish itself and cause life-threatening infections.
A large clinical trial found that an H7N9 flu vaccine mixed with an adjuvant provided a protective immune response in 59% of participants. The addition of the adjuvant enhanced the effectiveness of the vaccine, even at lower dosages.
A new experimental vaccine against H7N9 avian influenza prompted immune responses in 59% of volunteers who received two injections with an adjuvant booster. Without the adjuvant, immune responses were minimal regardless of vaccine dosage.
A recent clinical trial evaluated heterologous prime/boost regimens for preventative HIV vaccination, demonstrating strong anti-HIV immune responses in healthy volunteers. The results suggest that a regime combining NYVAC-B and rAd5-vectored vaccines yields better outcomes compared to other vaccine combinations.
Researchers at Oxford University found that dry roasting peanuts causes chemical modifications that activate the immune system, leading to an allergic response. This discovery may explain the higher prevalence of peanut allergies in Western countries compared to East Asia.
Researchers at LSU Health New Orleans have discovered that the protein Chop regulates the activity and accumulation of cells that suppress the immune response against tumors. The study found that removing Chop boosts the effectiveness of treatment, revealing it as a target for developing new immunotherapies to treat cancer.
Researchers found that antibiotic treatment before vaccination impaired antibody responses in mice, while gut bacteria played a crucial role. The study's findings suggest that the microbiome could be harnessed to modulate vaccine efficacy and may explain variations in vaccine responses globally.
The study found that younger people have a more robust immune response to grief, while elderly people are more likely to experience reduced immune function. The researchers suggest that hormonal supplements could be used to help individuals at risk of stress, but highlight the importance of a strong support network in managing grief.
A GW researcher has received a grant to develop genetic tools to study parasitic nematode (PN) infections, which affect one-third of all deaths worldwide. The goal is to better understand the infective process and host immune response.
Researchers found that brainwaves from a few individuals can accurately predict preferences of large TV audiences. The study used EEG to measure brain activity while participants watched TV shows and commercials, comparing the results to publicly available social media data and ratings from USA Today's Super Bowl Ad Meter.
A study at City College of New York found that analyzing the brainwaves of a few individuals can accurately predict preferences of large TV audiences. The researchers used electroencephalography (EEG) to capture brain activity while participants watched scenes from 'The Walking Dead' and Super Bowl commercials.
Researchers at Cleveland Clinic found that the immune system's response to protein S100B may contribute to memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction associated with conditions like chronic epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that treatments targeting this autoimmune response could help alleviate symptoms.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have discovered a new process in human genes that can alter protein contents and functions. This process, known as programmed ribosomal frameshifting, may help the body regulate its immune response and prevent harmful side effects.
Researchers found that fruit flies' Toll pathway failed to respond to a fungal infection in space, while the Imd pathway remained robust. This knowledge may help NASA develop countermeasures for astronauts' weakened immune systems during long-duration space missions.
Researchers show that proliferation unlocks expression of Interleukin-10 in NK cells, a protein that moderates the immune system. This helps prevent hyperactivation of CD8 T cells, which can cause damage. The study provides another important role for lymphocyte proliferation and may help design vaccines.
Researchers at the University of South Carolina have discovered a novel pathway for marijuana to suppress immune functions, suggesting its potential in treating autoimmune diseases. The study found that THC can change histone molecules leading to inflammation suppression.
Scientists have discovered that endogenous dendritic cell-derived interleukin-27 promotes tumor growth by recruiting regulatory T-cells. This finding suggests that targeting IL-27 could lead to more effective cancer immunotherapies.
A new study by Lars Fändriks and Herbert Helander reveals the inner surface area of the gastro-intestinal tract in healthy adults is between 30-40 square meters. This is significantly smaller than previous estimates, which ranged from 180 to 300 square meters.
Researchers found that prior sleep deprivation enhances immune system response and recovery from infection in fruitflies. Flies with adequate recovery sleep after infection showed better survival rates compared to those without it.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding plant disease resistance by revealing how plant immune receptors interact at an atomic level. The study found that dual-protein recognition systems are crucial for recognizing specific molecules from pathogens and activating defense mechanisms.
A clinical trial found that HIV-positive women build antibodies against HPV and experience no unusual safety issues after vaccination. The study's results counter doubts about the vaccine's effectiveness in this population, suggesting it is safe and beneficial for those with weakened immune systems.
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that the intensity difference between an immune response that stimulates cancer and one that kills it may be minimal. This discovery challenges long-held assumptions about the role of the immune system in preventing and killing cancers.
Researchers at Dartmouth found that disrupting VISTA, a protein preventing overreaction, enhanced the immune system. This discovery may lead to new cancer treatments using the immune system.
IRC Researchers discover a new function of AID, an enzyme crucial for the immune response. This finding helps explain hyper-IgM syndrome type 2 (HIGM2), a rare genetic disorder that causes an immunodeficiency syndrome.
A new study suggests that gut microorganisms support the production of immune cells, which are essential for fighting infection. The research found that mice lacking gut microbes were more susceptible to bacterial infections, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy balance of gut microbes in our immune system.
Scientists have discovered that B-lymphocytes lack the protein PTP1B, making them hyperactive and promoting an autoimmune attack. This study provides a new mechanism for how B-cells regulate an immune response, potentially playing a significant role in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
A new study suggests that the enzyme Cbl-b could be a target for drugs used to treat allergic asthma and other autoimmune disorders. Mice lacking Cbl-b exhibited severe allergic asthma symptoms, highlighting its vital role in controlling immune response.
Researchers have developed a cancer vaccine that utilizes the immune system to target and destroy tumor cells producing a specific protein. The vaccine, which involves genetically modified tumor cells producing IL-15 and its receptor, shows promise in slowing tumor growth and increasing survival rates in animal models.
A new study by Mayo Clinic reveals that African-American individuals develop twice the antibody response to the rubella vaccine compared to Caucasians. This finding may enable the creation of vaccines tailored to specific ethnic groups or individuals, offering a more effective approach to immunization.
Researchers found a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and biomarkers for inflammation in older Irish adults. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in maintaining immune function, and low levels may compromise the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to connect Lyme disease rash appearance with bacterial behavior. The model reveals that bacteria spread outward from the center of the rash, affecting immune response and treatment outcomes.
Cedars-Sinai researchers found that genetically targeting immune cells to overproduce ACE breaks down beta-amyloid plaque, preventing cognitive decline in laboratory mice. The study identifies a novel role for ACE in the clearance of beta-amyloid in brain blood vessels.
A study by researchers at the University of California, Davis found that growing up in space weakens a key immune system pathway in Drosophila flies. The Toll pathway was 'non-functional' in space-raised flies, but showed improvement under hypergravity conditions.
A study found that the European grapevine moth is better adapted to certain French wine-growing regions due to regional differences in grape variety and natural enemies. The research showed a geographical variation in immune defense among wild populations, with larvae from southern areas having higher levels of antimicrobial activity.
A PDL-1 antibody could help the immune system fight off influenza viral infection by blocking its impact on T cells, which are crucial for a effective response. The study found that treating mice with an antibody against PD-1 significantly improved their ability to clear the virus.
A study by UC Riverside-led team found that moderate alcohol consumption can bolster our immune system and potentially fight infections. The finding could lead to new interventions to improve vaccine responses, benefiting vulnerable populations.
A recent study published in PLOS Pathogens has shed light on why some ear and respiratory infections become chronic. Researchers discovered that the bacterium nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae uses its host's immune response to its advantage, allowing it to evade detection and thrive.
Researchers uncover how HIV-1 evades detection by the immune system and triggers protective responses against HIV-2 infection. Modifying the virus to be recognized by the immune system could lead to effective vaccines.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation found that two p53 isoforms regulate aging- and tumor-associated replicative senescence in T lymphocytes. Additionally, a new gene therapy approach may not require immunosuppression, as regulatory T cells promote long-term expression.
Three researchers at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute have been awarded ARC Future Fellowships to study how the body controls errant immune cells causing type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease. They aim to develop new treatments using cell signalling pathways and targeted vaccines or drugs.
Researchers developed a tailored pre-transplant therapy approach that significantly improves survival rates for children with Chronic Granulomatous Disease, a rare immune deficiency. The treatment results in a 93% survival rate with minimal adverse reactions, offering new hope for patients.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine have identified two new proteins, Wapal and Synj1, that control T-cell responses and may help reduce graft-vs.-host disease. The study found that blocking these proteins reduced GvHD in mice, suggesting a promising approach for improving bone marrow transplant outcomes.
A new DNA vaccine, p(Aβ3–10)10-C3d-p28, was developed to induce a Th2 immune response against amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease mice. The vaccine successfully elicited high titers of anti-amyloid-β antibodies and shifted the cellular immune response towards a Th2 phenotype.
A new review suggests that high levels of omega-3 fatty acid consumption can lead to immune system dysfunction and increased risk of infections. Researchers say there is a need for evidence-based dietary standards and biomarkers to determine safe intake levels.
Researchers at UWM have discovered that near-infrared (NIR) and blue light can repair tissue in dramatically different ways, but both act on the same enzyme in the cell's energy supply center: the mitochondria. NIR light has been shown to improve MS symptoms in rodent models, while blue light kills bacteria that cause infection.
A toxic factor released by a deadly frog-killing fungus disables the amphibian immune response, preventing conventional lymphocyte activation. The fungus's ability to inhibit cell growth in cancerous cells suggests potential new treatments.
Researchers have identified six new disease-related genes for Sjögren's syndrome, an autoimmune disease that affects moisture-producing glands. The findings provide a first step towards understanding how genetic variants alter immune system functions and may lead to the development of therapeutics.
A study by the University of Manchester team has identified a new pathway regulating immune responses in the gut that can protect against infection. This finding holds promise for developing a protective immune response during parasite infestations, potentially addressing a major public health issue.
A recent Penn study found that fish skin and gut immune responses are similar, with key components resembling those in mammals. The study suggests IgT plays a crucial role in regulating host-microbiota homeostasis and may be involved in developing improved fish vaccines.
Researchers at the University of Iowa have discovered that bacterial toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus cause lethal effects on the heart in infective endocarditis and sepsis. The study found that blocking superantigen action could be a new approach to treating deadly staph infections.
Researchers at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia developed a new approach to cancer immunotherapy by adjusting the function of immune cells. They showed that inhibiting the enzyme p300 can reduce Treg cell function and limit tumor growth in mice, offering potential for anti-tumor therapy.