Articles tagged with Placebos
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The study found that adults taking adjunctive aripiprazole had a greater reduction in MADRS Total Score compared to placebo, indicating improved depressive symptoms. Common adverse events included akathisia, insomnia, and restlessness, with a lower discontinuation rate due to adverse events for aripiprazole.
A six-month study demonstrated that bifeprunox maintained stability and displayed a favorable weight and lipid profile compared to placebo in patients with schizophrenia. The treatment also showed promising results in reducing the risk of deterioration over time.
Studies suggest that phosphodiesterase inhibitors, commonly used for erectile dysfunction, can also alleviate lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Researchers found improved scores on the International Index of Erectile Function and International Prostate Symptom Score, indicating potential benefit...
A new study has shown that lubiprostone can improve symptom relief rates in adults with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) by nearly twice as much as those receiving placebo, according to the results presented at Digestive Disease Week 2007.
The clinical trial data show that Perforomist Inhalation Solution provides rapid bronchodilation, improves lung function, and enhances patient quality of life compared to placebo. The treatment also has a favorable safety profile and is well-tolerated.
The TORCH study found that treatment with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate slowed the decline in lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients treated with this combination had a slower rate of lung function decline compared to those receiving a placebo over three years.
Two studies suggest that rituximab, a therapeutic antibody targeting B-cells, reduces brain lesions and relapses in multiple sclerosis patients. The treatment was generally safe and well-tolerated.
A new study published in JAMA found that patients who receive hydrocortisone after cardiac surgery have a significantly lower risk of developing atrial fibrillation. The incidence of AF was reduced by 37% in the hydrocortisone group compared to those receiving placebo.
A combination of sumatriptan and naproxen sodium is more effective in treating migraine than either medication alone, with superior efficacy in headache relief and sustained pain-free response. The treatment targets multiple pathogenic mechanisms in migraine, offering advantages over single therapy.
Researchers found that taking the prolonged release version of ropinirole with levodopa significantly reduced daily 'off' time by 2.1 hours compared to the placebo group. Additionally, those taking ropinirole showed improvements in troublesome Parkinson symptoms, quality of life, and motor function.
Bifeprunox demonstrates a favorable weight and lipid profile, comparable to placebo, in patients with stable schizophrenia. The treatment also showed decreases in body weight and minor reductions in BMI in patients with acute exacerbations of schizophrenia.
Researchers studied 366 participants with bipolar disorder, finding that adding antidepressants to mood stabilizers did not improve outcomes or trigger manic episodes. The study suggests careful management of mood stabilizer medications may be a reasonable alternative to adding antidepressants.
A Phase I study at Rush University Medical Center found that adult stem cell therapy significantly improved heart, lung, and global function in heart attack patients. Patients receiving the therapy experienced a lower number of adverse events and were 75% less likely to experience arrhythmic events compared to those receiving a placebo.
The EVEREST trial showed that tolvaptan improved signs and symptoms of acutely decompensated heart failure, with significant reductions in body weight and improvements in dyspnea. Long-term use did not differ from placebo on survival endpoints, but tolvaptan may be a potential therapy for patients with heart failure.
A new study found that serial outpatient administration of nesiritide did not significantly improve outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure. The trial, FUSION II, tested the safety and efficacy of this treatment approach and showed no evidence of renal harm or excess mortality.
A study found that tolvaptan improves symptoms such as congestion and breathing difficulty, but has no effect on long-term mortality or re-hospitalization rates. The medication also showed promise in reducing fluid accumulation and improving sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia.
A two-year study found that the drug risedronate reduced hip fractures in people with Parkinson disease by three times compared to placebo. Risedronate also increased bone mineral density and decreased biomarkers for bone loss, effectively controlling osteoporosis progression.
A small clinical trial of escitalopram, an antidepressant medication, found no conclusive benefit in treating kleptomania. However, the results suggest that some medications may still be effective for certain patients.
Postmenopausal women with minor or major ECG abnormalities are at increased risk for future cardiovascular events and death. The presence of these abnormalities should prompt physicians to consider further risk stratification and more intensive therapeutic interventions.
A study published in Neurology found that smoking marijuana reduced nerve pain in people with HIV-associated sensory neuropathy by 34%, compared to 17% for those who received a placebo. The study also showed significant relief from chronic pain, with an average reduction of 72%.
Patients with severe psoriasis receiving Remicade experienced significant improvements in skin and nail symptoms. The treatment achieved PASI 75 in over three-quarters of patients at week 10.
Patients treated with REMICADE experienced significant improvements in work and daily activities, with mean increases of 2.9-3.1 points compared to little improvement in placebo-treated patients. Psoriasis is an inflammatory disorder that can cause physical pain and emotional distress, impacting productivity.
A study published in BJU International found that a topical anaesthetic spray delayed ejaculation by five times as long, with participants experiencing an average delay of four minutes. The TEMPE spray, containing lidocaine and prilocaine, showed promising results in delaying premature ejaculation.
A pivotal Phase III trial demonstrated Nexavar's efficacy and clinical benefit in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. The study showed a median progression-free survival of 5.5 months for patients receiving Nexavar, compared to 2.8 months for those on placebo.
A recent double-blind study found that long-acting octreotide did not improve outcomes for patients with liver cancer compared to a placebo. The study enrolled 119 patients and followed them for over 30 months, but showed no significant difference in survival rates between the two groups.
A phase 3 trial found that pexelizumab did not significantly reduce the risk of death from STEMI when used with primary PCI. The study, which included over 5,700 patients, suggests that new treatments targeting inflammation may be needed for this patient population.
Undernourished women taking prenatal multivitamins during pregnancy were less likely to have babies weighing less than 2,500 grams. The study found that these women's newborns also had lower morbidity rates in the first seven days of life.
A study by the Human Pain Research Group at the University of Manchester found that individuals' expectations and beliefs play a crucial role in their response to pain relief. The researchers discovered that 67% of volunteers who expected pain relief continued to perceive less pain after applying a placebo cream, highlighting the power...
A study by Group Health researchers found that black cohosh did not relieve hot flashes among women going through menopause. In contrast, hormone therapy significantly reduced the frequency of hot flashes. The researchers concluded that herbal supplements like black cohosh have little potential as an alternative to hormone therapy.
A federally funded study found that black cohosh was no better than a dummy pill in reducing hot flashes and night sweats in women with menopause. Symptoms declined by about 30 percent over 12 months, regardless of treatment.
A study on black cohosh found no significant benefit in reducing hot flashes and night sweats during menopause, contradicting its long-held status as a treatment option. In contrast, enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease slowed progression of complications, but high costs remain a concern.
A new study demonstrates the effectiveness of Pfizer's Aromasin for early breast cancer treatment, with improved relapse-free survival and disease-free survival rates. The B-33 trial found that Aromasin was well-tolerated and showed a significant improvement in patients who received it after five years of tamoxifen.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry found that guanfacine, a commonly prescribed medication for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is no more effective than a placebo. The study, led by researchers at the San Francisco VA Medical Center, involved 63 male and female veterans who received either weekly dose...
A randomised trial found that Ancrod was not effective in treating ischaemic stroke when administered within 6 hours of symptom onset. The study highlights the importance of timely treatment in stroke care and suggests that Ancrod may only be beneficial if given within a 3-hour window.
A combination therapy of tolterodine ER and tamsulosin resulted in statistically significant treatment benefits for men with overactive bladder and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eighty percent of patients reported improvement in symptoms, compared to 62% on placebo, highlighting the potential for combination therapy in managing lower u...
The investigational amphetamine compound SPD465 demonstrated improved Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adults for up to 16 hours post-dose. The study results showed that SPD465 provided significant improvement in ADHD symptom control based on PERMP and ADHD-RS scores.
The study demonstrated that AMITIZA increased fluid secretion in the intestine, improving symptoms of chronic idiopathic constipation. Patients experienced significant improvements in constipation severity and abdominal bloating and discomfort for up to 12 months.
In a Phase III trial, AMITIZA demonstrated significant improvements in chronic constipation symptoms, including reduced straining, bloating, and discomfort. The study showed efficacy across IBS-C and non-IBS-C patients, with fewer adverse events reported in the placebo group.
Patients treated with REMICADE experienced a significant reduction in hospitalizations, with a mean of 12 per 100 patients compared to 22 for placebo recipients. The treatment also showed benefits in reducing healthcare costs associated with hospitalization, outpatient care, and emergency room visits.
A combination of inhaled salmeterol and fluticasone propionate has been shown to reduce the risk of dying by up to 17.5% in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The treatment also improves quality of life and reduces exacerbations.
A new study suggests that rifaximin may improve IBS symptoms by over 50% compared to placebo. However, the researchers caution that antibiotics can have side effects and more research is needed to fully understand its benefits.
A new study found that patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) reported greater global improvements in symptoms and less bloating after taking rifaximin, an antibiotic. The randomized, double-blind study demonstrated a sustained benefit of an antibiotic for IBS symptoms even after treatment was stopped.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet found that omega-3 fatty acid supplements slowed cognitive decline in a subgroup of patients with very mild Alzheimer's disease, while no effect was seen in those with more advanced disease. The study suggests that omega-3 supplements may be beneficial in halting initial progression of the disease.
A clinical trial found that omega-3 fatty acid supplements slowed cognitive decline in patients with very mild Alzheimer's disease, but had no impact on those with more advanced cases. The study suggests that anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in early-stage disease.
A study by University College London researchers found that black tea consumption reduced cortisol levels and blood platelet activation after stressful events. The study, published in Psychopharmacology, suggests that drinking black tea may speed up recovery from daily stresses.
Researchers developed a DNA-based vaccine to protect against ragweed allergies, showing a 60% reduction in symptoms. The vaccine works by suppressing acute reactions and helping the body regulate chronic inflammation.
A study at Emory University Health Sciences Center found that giving progesterone to trauma victims shortly after a brain injury may reduce the risk of death and disability. The researchers also found a 50% reduction in death rate and significant improvement in functional outcome among patients who received progesterone.
Researchers found that patients with symptomatic moderate asthma treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha experienced significantly fewer disease exacerbations than those on placebo. The study also showed a significant decrease in diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow rate.
A new study at the Université de Montréal found that caffeine taken before a night shift or studying significantly hurts recovery sleep the next day. Caffeine makes daytime sleep episodes too shallow to override the biological clock, reducing sleep efficiency and duration.
A study of 14 adults with histories of sedative abuse found that the new sleep medication ramelteon does not appear to have effects indicating potential for abuse or motor or cognitive impairment. Ramelteon works through a different pathway in the brain and may be less likely to cause such effects.
The Phase 3 clinical trial of Fampridine-SR demonstrated a consistent improvement in walking speed, with 34.8% of participants showing a significant increase compared to 8.3% on placebo. The study also showed a statistically significant improvement in leg strength and a reduction in disability reported by daily activities.
Researchers found that zolmitriptan nasal spray was effective in treating cluster headaches, providing pain relief to 50% of patients. The medication's quick absorption and minimal side effects make it a potential first-line treatment option for acute cluster headaches.
A new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) has been found effective in treating moderate-to-severe premature ejaculation, reducing time to ejaculation by 1.75-2.78 minutes compared to placebo. The treatment also improves men's control over ejaculation and satisfaction with sexual intercourse.
A pivotal clinical trial has found idursulfase effective in treating underlying enzyme deficiency in patients with Hunter syndrome. Weekly infusions of the enzyme replacement drug have been shown to improve symptoms such as joint stiffness, breathing difficulties, and coarsening of facial features.
A new medication, varenicline tartrate, has been found to be effective both short- and long-term for smokers trying to quit. The study showed that varenicline was more effective than placebo in promoting continuous abstinence across all treatment groups.
Researchers found that taking Lipitor reduced the risk of secondary stroke by 16% and major coronary events by 35%. The study suggests that initiating statin treatment shortly after a stroke may be beneficial for patients at high risk.
A study suggests that ketamine, a general anesthetic agent, can rapidly alleviate depression symptoms within two hours. The effects of ketamine last for up to one week, making it a potential game-changer in treating depression with rapid onset and sustained response.
New data demonstrate that lamotrigine is an effective adjunctive therapy for treating primary generalized tonic-clonic (PGTC) seizures in children and adolescents. The study found a significant reduction in PGTC seizure counts among patients receiving lamotrigine, with a median percent decrease of 77% compared to the placebo group.
A placebo study found that brain activity during a 'placebo lead-in' phase prior to antidepressant treatment can predict clinical outcomes. The study, published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, used EEG measurements to analyze changes in brain activity and its impact on depression scores.
A recent meta-analysis found that COPD patients taking beta-agonist inhalers are at a higher risk of respiratory deaths compared to those using anticholinergics. The study suggests that anticholinergics should be the bronchodilator of choice in COPD treatment.