Articles tagged with Placebos
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that nicotine gum can aid in gradual smoking reduction and cessation. The study showed a significant increase in odds of quitting (40-90%) and overall success rates (2-6 times) for participants using active nicotine gum, making it an effective treatment option f...
A recent clinical trial sponsored by NIH found that alfuzosin, a commonly prescribed drug for chronic prostatitis, did not significantly reduce symptoms in newly diagnosed men. The study showed no significant differences between the treatment and placebo groups in terms of symptom improvement.
The DIAS-2 trial found desmoteplase ineffective in treating acute ischemic stroke due to low clinical response rates and higher mortality rates. The authors attribute the failure to replicate previous findings to mild strokes and imaging limitations.
Vimpat demonstrates statistically significant efficacy as early as the first week of treatment, with consistently significant results for both primary endpoints starting at doses of 100 mg/day. The drug shows a significant reduction in seizure frequency versus placebo, with a 39.1% increase in patients experiencing a 50% or greater red...
Research suggests Vitamin E's antioxidant properties may reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in skeletal and cardiac muscle. The study found significant reductions in oxidized proteins and two cytokines with Vitamin E treatment compared to placebo, potentially correlating with increased muscle strength.
A new study published in Neurology found that growth hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) does not slow the progression of weakness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The two-year study involved 330 people with ALS and found no difference in muscle strength between those taking IGF-1 and placebo, as well as no differences ...
A year-long study found that long-term use of a macrolide antibiotic reduced COPD exacerbations by 35% in patients with moderate to severe disease. The treatment also decreased the severity and duration of exacerbations, but its benefits are offset by concerns about growing antibiotic resistance.
A new study shows JANUVIA (sitagliptin), a diabetes medicine, effectively lowers blood glucose levels in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and is not associated with hypoglycemia. The study found that advanced age can contribute to the risk of hypoglycemia, which is why this treatment is beneficial for older patients.
A phase III clinical trial found that adding bevacizumab to erlotinib therapy improves progression-free survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients, but not overall survival. The combination also shows a response rate and tumor shrinkage.
A study published in Human Reproduction found that placebo acupuncture resulted in a significantly higher overall pregnancy rate (55.1%) compared to real acupuncture (43.8%) in patients undergoing IVF. The researchers suggest that placebo acupuncture may have a real effect, contrary to its inert control status.
New research shows tadalafil, an erectile dysfunction drug, effectively treats pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by improving six of eight short form-36 domains and reducing pulmonary artery pressures. The study also reveals PAH diagnosis has increased by 10 months and affects women more in middle age.
Common osteoporosis medications bisphosphonates may cause irregular heartbeats and serious atrial fibrillation in patients. The risk is significant, with up to two times more likelihood of serious AF compared to placebo, highlighting the need for caution when prescribing these medications.
Phase IIb data show that BG-12 significantly reduced brain lesions in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, with a 53% reduction in T1-hypointense lesions. The treatment also demonstrated favorable safety and potential neuroprotective benefits.
Recent studies confirm the prevalence of migraine remains stable, with aura doubling heart attack risk and increasing cardiovascular disease mortality. New treatments targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) show promise, with olcegepant and telcagepant demonstrating effective pain relief.
A multi-centre study of 863 patients from 14 countries found that solifenacin significantly improved overactive bladder symptoms, with a 70% reduction in severe urgency and urgency incontinence. Patients reported reduced urine frequency and fewer incontinence episodes within three days.
A study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that tamoxifen treatment may advance detection of ER-negative breast cancer in high-risk women, shortening the time to diagnosis by approximately 1 year. The drug does not alter the risk of ER-positive disease.
The DIRECT studies found that candesartan can reduce the incidence of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes and increase its regression in type 2 diabetes. The treatment also showed a significant reduction in risk of progression by three or more steps on the EDTRS scale.
A Phase II trial of OptiNose's novel nasal drug delivery device showed a significant reduction in nasal polyp size and associated symptoms, with almost 80% of patients experiencing overall improvement. The treatment achieved a 57.4% reduction in polyp size and improved sense of smell, nasal obstruction, and nasal comfort.
A new study found that vaccinated seniors who took COLD-FX had a one-third lower chance of getting a 'Jackson' cold or flu. The supplement, a unique extract of North American ginseng, also provided added protection on top of the flu shot's benefit.
A Phase IIB study demonstrated dose-dependent increases in bone mineral density (BMD) at the total hip, lumbar spine, and femoral neck fracture sites in postmenopausal women with low BMD. Odanacatib selectively inhibits cathepsin K, a key enzyme in osteoclastic bone resorption.
JANUVIA showed longer-term efficacy and safety profile in combination therapy with metformin, improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, the study demonstrated that JANUVIA provided glycemic control regardless of baseline characteristics.
Darapladib's Lp-PLA2 inhibition prevents necrotic core expansion and plaque vulnerability in patients with coronary disease. Despite high standard care treatment, placebo-treated patients showed increased necrotic core volume, while daraplidib halted this increase.
The TRANSCEND study found that telmisartan modestly reduced the outcome of cardiovascular death, heart attack, stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure. Additionally, fewer patients receiving telmisartan were hospitalized for any cardiovascular reason compared to placebo.
The TRANSCEND study found that telmisartan modestly reduced cardiovascular events and hospitalizations for heart-related issues in patients with vascular disease or high-risk diabetes. The drug also had a lower rate of permanent discontinuation due to hypotension, according to the randomized controlled trial.
A randomized trial found that fluvastatin XL reduced myocardial ischemia and cardiovascular death in high-risk patients undergoing elective vascular surgery. The study showed a significant reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality, with a number needed to treat of 12.5 patients.
The TRANSCEND study enrolled nearly 6,000 people worldwide who are intolerant to ACE inhibitors and found that telmisartan reduced the outcome of cardiovascular death, heart attack, or stroke by a significant 13% compared to placebo. Fewer patients receiving telmisartan were hospitalized for any cardiovascular reason.
A randomized controlled trial found that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduced mortality and hospital admission for cardiovascular reasons in patients with chronic heart failure. The study involved 357 Italian cardiology sites, with 3494 patients receiving PUFA supplements and 3481 receiving placebo.
A randomized-controlled trial of 20,332 patients with ischaemic stroke found that anti-clotting regimens aspirin plus dipyridamole and clopidogrel showed no significant difference in reducing disability after recurrent stroke. Telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, also did not demonstrate neuroprotective effects.
A study published in the Journal of AAPOS found that pirenzepine gel can slow the rate of progressive myopia in children, with an average increase of 0.58 diopters over two years compared to 0.99 diopters in the placebo group. The treatment was generally safe and effective, with only mild side effects reported.
A new study suggests that allopurinol can reduce blood pressure in adolescents with newly diagnosed hypertension by lowering uric acid levels. The trial found significant decreases in casual and ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP in patients treated with allopurinol.
The Toward a Revolution in COPD Health (TORCH) study found that combined salmeterol and fluticasone propionate reduced the rate of decline in lung function by 39ml/year, compared to 55ml/year in the placebo group.
Researchers found that PBT2 improves two indicators of executive function in Alzheimer's patients and reduces amyloid beta levels in the spinal fluid. The study suggests that PBT2 may be a promising treatment for improving cognitive performance in early-stage Alzheimer's disease.
Bapineuzumab showed potential efficacy signals in treating Alzheimer's disease without a clear dose response. Post-hoc analyses revealed statistically significant benefits in subgroups, including ApoE4 non-carrier patients.
A randomized controlled phase III trial found that everolimus significantly improves progression-free survival compared to placebo in patients with metastatic kidney cancer who have failed on sunitinib and sorafenib. The study also reported common adverse events, including stomatitis and fatigue.
A study published in JAMA found that sildenafil significantly improved sexual function in women with major depression experiencing sexual dysfunction related to antidepressant use. This improvement was associated with a reduced risk of premature medication discontinuation and enhanced treatment adherence.
Dimebon significantly improves clinical course of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease, with increasing benefits over time. The drug demonstrated significant improvement in cognition, function, and behavior compared to placebo.
A meta-analysis of 32,000 participants found that six treatments for smoking cessation were more effective than placebos. The most effective treatment was varenicline, which was about twice as effective as bupropion.
A study found that abatacept reduced flare events and improved symptoms in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, but its design raised questions about its true effectiveness. The treatment was well-tolerated, but the study's limitations highlighted the need for further research to establish its role in treating this condition.
A randomized controlled trial found that buprenorphine maintenance treatment significantly increased time to first heroin use and relapse compared to naltrexone and placebo. Patients on buprenorphine also had more continuous days of heroin abstinence, supporting the widespread dissemination of this effective public-health approach.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that extended use of rivaroxaban significantly reduces the risk of venous thromboembolism after total hip arthroplasty, compared to short-term enoxaparin plus placebo. This finding has important implications for preventing blood clots in patients undergoing hip surgery.
Patients with early stage PAH treated with bosentan show reduced clinical decline, improved exercise capacity, and lower risk of worsening events compared to placebo. Bosentan treatment is associated with improvements in pulmonary vascular resistance and prevention of clinical deterioration.
A new vaccine patch has shown promising results in protecting travelers from diarrhoea, with 75% efficacy against moderate-to-severe episodes. The patch also reduced the duration and severity of illness in those who became sick, offering a new option for prevention and treatment.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that coagulation factor VIIa can reduce cerebral hemorrhage size, but does not prevent long-term mortality or severe impairment. The study showed that patients with smaller hemorrhages and certain age restrictions may benefit from treatment.
Researchers at UT School of Public Health found that patients given the travelers' diarrhea vaccine were significantly less likely to suffer from clinically significant diarrhea. The study showed only three cases of moderate or severe diarrhea among vaccinated individuals, compared to two dozen in those who received a placebo.
A study published in JAMA found that St. John's wort did not improve ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents. The trial involved 54 participants who received either St. John's wort or a placebo for eight weeks, with no significant differences in symptom improvement.
Golimumab shows significant improvements in physical function, disease activity, and remission rates in patients with active RA despite ongoing treatment with MTX. The combination therapy also achieves clinically relevant improvements in HAQ scores.
A Phase 3 study demonstrated significant improvements in signs and symptoms, physical function, and disease activity in RA patients who received golimumab after being previously treated with anti-TNF agents. The study showed sustained improvements through six months.
Researchers found that prucalopride significantly improved bowel movements and quality of life for patients with severe chronic constipation. The study involved 620 patients who received either prucalopride or a placebo, showing that nearly half took notice in their bowel movements per week.
A recent study published in JAMA found that patients who received medication escitalopram or participated in a problem-solving therapy group had a lower risk of depression compared to those who received placebo. The annual incidence of stroke exceeds 700,000 in the US, with depression occurring in over half of these patients.
A study found that succinobucol reduced cardiovascular death, heart attack, and stroke in some patients, but also increased LDL cholesterol and atrial fibrillation. However, it improved glycated haemoglobin levels, suggesting potential benefits for long-term diabetes control.
Pirfenidone slows lung capacity loss and overall deterioration of IPF, offering new hope for treatment. The study's findings suggest that pirfenidone may also be effective in treating other fibrotic lung diseases.
A post hoc analysis of a study on Lialda revealed significant improvements in time to symptom resolution for patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. The study found that Lialda, an aminosalicylate medication, lowered the time to initial symptom resolution by up to 17 days compared to placebo.
TAK-390MR demonstrates consistently high healing rates and symptom relief for patients with erosive esophagitis, outperforming lansoprazole in phase 3 studies. The study's results showed that TAK-390MR produced significantly higher overall healing rates than lansoprazole across two studies.
The Phase 3 study evaluated two doses of GATTEX and showed that it was generally well-tolerated and effective in reducing PN requirements. Forty-six percent of low-dose patients responded and achieved a significant reduction in PN compared to placebo, with increases in trunk lean body mass and plasma citrulline also observed.
Two studies have shown that ustekinumab is effective in treating moderate-to-severe psoriasis, with dosing every 12 weeks maintaining efficacy in most patients. The PHOENIX studies found that 67-76% of patients achieved PASI 75 at week 12, with long-term response maintained in those given maintenance treatment.
A study found that clopidogrel reduced early thrombosis of new arteriovenous fistulas, but did not improve their maturity or suitability for use during dialysis. The treatment significantly reduced the risk of fistula thrombosis, but did not lead to a clinically meaningful increase in fistula patency.
A randomized trial found patients given beta-blockers after non-cardiac surgery had a higher risk of death or stroke compared to those given placebo, while having a lower risk of non-fatal heart attacks. However, these medications may not outweigh the increased risk of cardiovascular complications.
A major study found that beta-blockers like metoprolol may increase the risk of death and major stroke in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. The POISE trial showed that while metoprolol reduces heart attack risk, it increases stroke and death risk, highlighting the need for caution in its use around surgery time.
A randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of naltrexone alone and in combination with sertraline among Alaskans living in rural settings. The study found that naltrexone significantly improved abstinence rates compared to placebo, with 35% of participants remaining abstinent for the entire 16-week treatment.
INTUNIV, a selective alpha-2A receptor agonist, demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing ADHD symptoms across all measured time points up to 24 hours postdose. The medication showed improved symptoms of ADHD in patients treated with INTUNIV compared to those receiving placebo.