Articles tagged with Metabolism
Scientists have found that nicotinamide mononucleotide, a naturally occurring compound, can reverse diabetes in mice by improving glucose tolerance and reducing cholesterol levels. The study suggests that this compound may one day be used to treat or prevent type 2 diabetes.
Researchers discovered that ibuprofen and other NSAIDs selectively block endocannabinoid metabolism, potentially leading to new analgesic medications with fewer side effects. This finding raises the possibility of targeting inflammation and pain without the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risks associated with traditional NSAIDs.
Recent PET-measurements show that mobile phone signals suppress glucose metabolism in specific brain areas. The study, conducted on 13 young males, reveals a methodologically unique approach combining brain imaging, radiation measurements, and modeling.
Researchers discovered that cardiotrophin 1 accelerates fat elimination from adipose tissue, increases muscle fat burning, and improves glucose uptake in cells. Treatment of obese mice with cardiotrophin 1 also reduces food intake and corrects obesity and diabetes.
A recent study found that heavier women have fewer hot flashes than their leaner counterparts after menopause. The inverse association between body size and hot flashes was observed only among older women, suggesting that age plays a significant role in this relationship.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have identified the Sirt3 enzyme as a potential target for treating type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. The study found that Sirt3 levels are decreased in skeletal muscle cells of individuals with diabetes, contributing to insulin resistance and energy metabolism issues.
A study suggests that wearing a cooling cap to cool the brain during sleep can eliminate insomnia symptoms. Participants with primary insomnia experienced similar sleep latency and efficiency as healthy controls when using a frontal cerebral thermal transfer cap.
Researchers have tested a new asthma medication that improves fat and protein metabolism, increasing energy expenditure by over 10% and fat burning by more than 25%. The medication, formoterol, is selective for lung receptors and does not affect the heart rate, suggesting potential benefits for body composition and health.
A recent study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology found that shorter warm-ups can result in less muscle fatigue and improved peak power output. The study suggested that sprint athletes may benefit from adopting a shorter and less strenuous warm-up for better performance.
Giant hummingbirds use more energy for their body size than smaller hummingbirds do, but still below the upper metabolic limit. Asexual fish hybrids have lower physiological performance, possibly due to increased reproductive advantage over sexual dace. Small sea birds hold heat rather than increasing metabolism
Melissa J. Moore, a professor at UMass Medical School, has been awarded the ASBMB's 2011 William C. Rose Award for her groundbreaking research on pre-mRNA processing and mRNA metabolism. She is also recognized for her exceptional mentorship and leadership skills.
Experts at EB2011 discuss the links between metabolic function and disease onset, highlighting recent findings on mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic signal transduction. The meeting focuses on the biochemical reactions that sustain life and their impact on serious diseases.
The discovery of the SIRT3 protein's role in altering the nutrition of breast cancer cells has significant implications for cancer treatment. By identifying this protein as a 'guardian' of metabolism, researchers may develop targeted therapies to promote its activation and inhibit cancer growth.
A study found that gastric bypass patients take longer to process alcohol and have higher breath alcohol content after surgery. Researchers recommend limiting alcohol consumption to one standard drink every two hours for RYGB patients.
Researchers found increased brain glucose metabolism in regions closest to the phone antenna after 50-minute cell phone use. However, the clinical significance of this finding is unclear and further studies are needed.
A recent study found that exposure to room light in the late evening can significantly suppress melatonin levels, leading to reduced sleep quality and increased risks of diabetes. The study's findings have important health implications for shift workers exposed to indoor lighting at night.
A recent study found higher BPA levels in women with PCOS compared to controls, and an association between BPA and increased testosterone levels. Researchers suggest that BPA may exacerbate hormonal imbalances in women with PCOS.
A new research paper published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute reveals a genetic mutation that leads to abnormal metabolic processes in gliomas, potentially leading to targeted therapies. The study shows that almost all tumors with IDH mutations have the same methylation pattern.
Researchers found that changes in cellular energy balance can lead to increased lifespans in worms, providing a proof-of-concept for human aging. The study discovered a novel metabolic state associated with long-lived mitochondrial mutants, suggesting a potential approach to extending human lifespan.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet used MRI to measure brain lactic acid levels and found increased levels before other aging symptoms, suggesting a potential indicator of aging and age-related diseases. The study also suggests a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and lactate production in the brain as aging progresses.
Temperature fluctuations have a profound impact on the human body's internal clock. By regulating body temperature, these cyclic changes set the timing of cellular activity, influencing metabolism and sleep patterns. This discovery suggests an ancient mechanism that may have evolved in other organisms to control daily biological cycles.
A comprehensive Argentinean epidemiological study found that one out of three women aged 50 or over suffers from osteoporosis, with a prevalence of vertebral fractures in 16% of women aged 50 or older. The study estimated annual costs of hip fractures and vertebral fractures to exceed $250 million USD per year.
Researchers found 323 unique genes influenced by smoking, with a strong involvement in processes related to cancer, cell death, and metabolism. The study's results indicate that exposure to cigarette smoke alters gene expression, leading to a sobering scale of influence on human disease risk.
A new data mining algorithm called GOALIE reveals how biological processes are coordinated in time. The algorithm uses gene expression data to reconstruct temporal models of cellular processes, improving our understanding of cell division and metabolism.
John A. Kanis receives IOF Medal of Achievement for his long-standing and distinguished career advancing the field of osteoporosis research. He has published widely on disorders of skeletal metabolism, including osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone, hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy and neoplasia.
Researchers have provided evidence-based data on changes in drug metabolism in obese children compared to healthy weight children. They found that obese children metabolized caffeine and dextromethorphan at different rates, which could impact optimal drug dosing in pediatric patients.
Age-related nerve decline is associated with metabolic factors like blood sugar levels within normal ranges. Peripheral nerves are affected more in men than women later in life, suggesting a link between aging, gender, and inflammation. Modifiable risk factors may help prevent or delay peripheral nerve function decline.
Researchers followed 1162 healthy French men and women for nine years, monitoring plasma selenium concentrations and incidence of dysglycemia. High selenium levels in men were associated with a lower risk of developing dysglycemia, while no such association was found in women.
The European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics will be published by Springer starting in 2010, covering aspects of drug delivery and bioavailability. The journal focuses on pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism, and drug development, publishing original articles and conference proceedings.
A new study found that obese teenage girls with a higher ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat have lower bone density than their peers. Visceral fat may also increase the risk of fractures in some obese individuals, highlighting its negative impact on bone health.
A study by Harvard researchers found that overeating in mice activates a molecule called PKR, which destroys normal metabolism and leads to insulin resistance. The discovery could lead to targeted drugs or nutrients to regulate PKR and prevent diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
A study at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has identified three molecular factors that contribute to high levels of PK-M2 in cancer cells, which promotes rapid cell proliferation and tumor growth. The researchers found that forcing a reduction in the levels of these factors could reverse the Warburg effect and restore normal metabolism.
The 2010 awards support groundbreaking research in cancer metabolism, tumor metabolism, and drug resistance. Three scientists will explore novel approaches to fighting cancer using innovative technologies.
Researchers from Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona found that compound genomes lose essential properties for evolution when complex. The study challenges the 'metabolism first' theory and supports the idea that genetic information stored in nucleotide polymers, like RNA and DNA, is crucial for life to emerge.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina found genetic variations that lead to less efficient glucose metabolism in African-American patients compared to whites. These findings suggest a link between diet and environment in shaping genetic predispositions to diabetes.
A nutrition professor at the University of Rhode Island found that chewing sugar-free gum can help reduce calorie intake by 67 calories at lunch and increase energy expenditure by 5%. Gum chewing also leads to feelings of fullness and reduced hunger, potentially aiding in weight management.
Concurrent imaging of metabolic and electric signals in the heart reveals a dynamic relationship between multiple cardiac variables. The new dual-camera system allows for rapid setup, dichroic image separation, and high spatial resolution, enabling correlative multimodal cardiac imaging.
Researchers at UC San Diego discover that a protein interaction generates force that shapes the Golgi apparatus, revealing a link between form and function. The discovery sheds light on the mechanism of the Golgi apparatus, a processing center for protein export.
Postmenopausal women can improve cardiovascular fitness and reduce risk factors for chronic diseases through regular, vigorous exercise. Studies show that even less strenuous aerobic exercise produces benefits, and women's metabolism changes after menopause affect glucose clearance from the blood.
Poor air quality in megacities, driven by pollution and urban metabolism, has severe consequences on residents and global climate. The urban metabolism model reveals how megacities consume energy, release wastes, and pollute, impacting climate change on regional and global levels.
Researchers analyzed over 1,800 urine samples and identified individual patients with an accuracy of over 99 percent using metabolic profiling. The study provides evidence that the metabolic fingerprint remains stable over time, paving the way for personalized medical care.
Researchers found that interrupting selenoprotein production can halt growth of bacteria such as Clostridium difficile and Treponema denticola. The study uses auranofin, an FDA-approved gold salt compound, to block bacterial growth by altering selenium metabolism.
A Finnish study found that low glycogen levels predict forthcoming violent offending among antisocial male offenders. Low glycogen stores may contribute to impulsive violent behavior during alcohol intoxications.
Researchers have found that white tea extract effectively reduces the generation of new adipocytes and stimulates fat mobilization from mature fat cells. White tea, a less processed version of green tea, contains ingredients such as methylxanthines and epigallocatechin-3-gallate that may be responsible for its anti-adipogenic effects.
Consuming a low-glycemic breakfast before exercise may boost fat oxidation during and after physical activity. A recent study found that this type of pre-exercise meal increased fat metabolism in sedentary individuals, potentially aiding in weight loss efforts.
A rat model study shows that dietary soy supplementation can prevent menopause-related syndromes, improve lipid profiles, and reduce LDL cholesterol while increasing HDL cholesterol levels. The findings support the indication that soybean consumption may prevent coronary heart disease.
A new study found that babies born with lower weight are more likely to develop chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes later in life due to increased inflammation. Researchers followed over 5,600 children from birth to adulthood, finding a link between early growth and adult inflammation.
A Canada-US study published in Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that insufficient vitamin D can cause higher body mass and shorter stature in girls during puberty. The researchers discovered a significant association between low vitamin D levels and increased abdominal fat, but no link to bone strength.
A research team at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has discovered a key molecular partnership that coordinates body rhythms and metabolism, leading to leaner mice and improved insulin sensitivity. The study suggests that disrupting this partnership could be a valuable new weapon in the fight against obesity and diabetes.
A non-invasive device has been shown to treat obesity and resolve diabetes in an animal model by altering complex gastrointestinal signals. The procedure resulted in a significant reduction in food intake and weight loss, as well as restoration of normal glucose metabolism.
Hybrid plants exhibit increased growth and biomass due to the increased expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and starch metabolism during the day. This connection between circadian clock regulators and growth vigor could lead to new methods for increasing biomass crops for biofuels and improving food yields.
A new study published in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that dose-dependent growth hormone treatment increased final height in children with short stature who are not GH deficient. Children from parents of normal height responded better to treatment than those from short parents.
Research on ethanol-induced gastric mucosa injury reveals the critical role of oxidative stress in energy metabolism disturbance. Elevated ethanol exposure time increases malondialdehyde content, damaging mitochondria ultrastructure.
Researchers at the University of Georgia discovered that 25% of genes in Neurospora crassa are under control of the biological clock, a much higher rate than previously reported. This finding has significant implications for understanding various biological processes, including cell cycling and ribosome biogenesis.
A large study has found a significant increase in fracture rates among HIV-infected patients compared to non-infected controls. The study, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, reveals that nearly 3% of HIV patients experienced fractures, with risks increasing with age.
Two new studies found a connection between the circadian clock and metabolism through the protein SIRT1, which regulates energy levels throughout the day. The findings suggest that drugs targeting SIRT1 could help treat circadian sleep disturbances.
A study by the University of Bonn and Karolinska Institute found that a specific gene variant in women's endorphin metabolism is altered more often in female alcoholics than in healthy women. In mice, endorphins play a crucial role in ethanol consumption, particularly among females.
A study by the University of Southern California suggests that abdominal fat releases lipids directly to the liver at night, leading to insulin resistance and increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes. The findings highlight the importance of abdominal obesity in the pathogenesis of the disease.
A human clinical study by Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism found that wildland firefighters who consumed a yeast-based antioxidant supplement, Wellmune WGP¹, had significantly fewer upper respiratory tract infections compared to a placebo group. The study showed a strong statistical trend of 23% fewer infectio...
Mark Friedman, a leading researcher in eating behavior, has received a Guggenheim Fellowship to study the effects of diet on obesity. His work aims to elucidate the mechanisms driving diet-induced obesity, with a focus on the interaction between dietary fat and carbohydrate.