Articles tagged with Metabolism
Scientists at USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology discovered a new hormone, MOTS-c, that restores insulin sensitivity and counteracts diet-induced and age-dependent insulin resistance. The hormone targets muscle tissue and suppresses weight gain and insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet.
Researchers at the Technische Universität Dresden have successfully transplanted adrenal cells encapsulated in a bioreactor, paving the way for future human transplantation. This breakthrough could benefit patients with adrenal insufficiency and congenital diseases such as 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
Recent research suggests sleep apnea impacts bone metabolism through sleep duration and quality disruptions. Daily rhythms play a crucial role in maintaining normal bone health.
A recent study found that almost 60% of Ontario Family Health Teams offer physical activity services, but their quality and accessibility vary. The study suggests that standardized physical activity promotion is needed to increase its effectiveness in promoting healthy lifestyles among Canadians.
A new study suggests that traumatic brain injury triggers long-term inflammation in the brain, causing chronic degenerative problems. The research proposes that this inflammation is a major treatable cause of brain damage after trauma.
Researchers found that circadian rhythms play a key role in coordinating daily metabolic cycles and cell division in skin stem cells. This regulation helps avoid DNA damage caused by metabolism-generated oxygen radicals.
Researchers found that exercise after bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in patients who participate in an exercise program. Cardiovascular fitness also improves, providing additional health benefits beyond weight loss.
A Penn study found that a defect in energy production plays a key role in CKD development. Restoring fatty acid metabolism largely prevented signs of CKD in mouse models. The researchers hope to develop new compounds that boost enzymes related to fatty acid metabolism to slow CKD progression.
A study found that middle-aged men whose parents were older at birth had lower blood pressure, more favorable cholesterol levels, and improved glucose metabolism. Further research is needed to determine the causes of this effect, with epigenetics and post-natal factors being potential explanations.
Researchers from the University of Southern Denmark discover information strings with peculiar properties that can replicate quickly and efficiently, leading to a self-organizing autocatalytic network. This mechanism has potential value for developing technology based on living processes, such as self-healing devices.
A new study led by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that fructose ingestion increases blood levels of the hormone FGF21, providing a reliable predictor for altered fructose metabolism. This discovery offers an avenue for further investigation into genetic and environmental determinants of metabolic response to fructose.
Long-lived diving birds experience declining blood oxygen stores, resting metabolism, and thyroid hormone levels with age. Despite these physiological changes, their diving performance remains unchanged.
A new study reveals that p38 MAPK is activated by low nutrient levels and age-related signals, leading to the decline of immune function in older T lymphocytes. Blocking this pathway may help restore their function, potentially improving immunity in older adults.
The new journal Neurophotonics adds to the rapidly growing understanding of the brain through advanced optical methods and applications. Key findings include photoacoustic tomography techniques that display brain activity with high accuracy, and novel technologies for brain energy metabolism.
Researchers found that long-term mild cold exposure increased brown fat amount and activity in humans, while mild warmth suppressed it. This discovery may lead to new avenues in treating impaired glucose metabolism and obesity.
The demand for adult endocrinologist services is expected to surpass the available supply for at least the next decade. A growing shortage of endocrinologists is likely to worsen due to aging demographics and increased diagnoses of diabetes and hormone-related conditions, forcing patients to wait longer for appointments.
A new study suggests that blue-enriched light exposure before and during evening meals can increase hunger and alter glucose metabolism. The research found that this type of light exposure decreased sleepiness but resulted in higher insulin resistance.
A study published in the Journal of Nutrition found that consuming protein at each meal can promote optimal muscle growth and maintenance. Researchers discovered that evenly distributing protein throughout the day is crucial for maximizing muscle synthesis rates, whereas a skewed distribution pattern may lead to suboptimal results.
A genome comparison reveals polar bears' rapid evolution to cope with a high-fat diet, providing insight into fatty acid metabolism and cardiovascular function. The study's findings may offer tools to modulate human physiology and protect against the ill effects of high-fat diets.
Scientists have discovered a link between hereditary trauma and short RNA molecules, which can be passed down from one generation to the next. The research found that traumatic stress alters the expression of microRNAs in mice, leading to behavioral symptoms such as depression and altered metabolism.
Researchers found that camels release less methane in absolute terms than cows and sheep of comparable body size. However, when adjusted for feed conversion, methane production is similar between the two groups. This suggests that camels' lower metabolism could explain their ability to thrive in food-scarce environments.
A recent study found that glucosamine supplementation extended the lifespan of nematode worms by 5% and ageing mice by almost 10%, promoting glucose metabolism and protection against diabetes. This effect is comparable to a low-carb diet, suggesting a potential health benefit for humans.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki found that vitamin B3 form, nicotinamide riboside, can delay the signs of mitochondrial myopathy in animal models. The treatment increased mitochondrial mass and function, curing structural abnormalities and providing a potential therapeutic approach for adult-onset mitochondrial muscle diseases.
Researchers found that vertical sleeve gastrectomy alters bile acids binding to nuclear receptor FXR, leading to weight loss and improved diabetes outcomes. Gut bacteria also change, with certain groups linked to Type 2 diabetes risk.
The study reveals that UCP2 is involved in increased metabolism in embryonic stem cells and cancer cells, while UCP4 is associated with nerve cell metabolism. The findings suggest that UCP proteins can be used to detect diseases at an early stage, such as cancer and neurodegenerative illnesses.
Chronic methamphetamine use is linked to excessive glucose utilization in the brain, paired with daytime sleepiness. The paradox of these symptoms can be explained by a biochemical process that occurs during sleep, cleaning up unnecessary connections between brain cells.
Neurons store glycogen as a rapid energy source, but excess leads to death. Conversely, small amounts are beneficial for cell survival during oxygen depletion.
A new study found that individuals with frailty have lower morning cortisol levels and higher evening levels, associated with reduced grip strength and walking speed. This study suggests a link between disrupted cortisol regulation and loss of muscle mass and strength in frail adults.
Researchers found that mild cold exposure can significantly affect energy expenditure over sustained time periods, suggesting a potential benefit for weight loss. Brown fat, a heat-generating organ thought to be active only in infants, is also present in adults and can be activated by cold temperatures.
A recent study by McGill University researchers discovered a direct link between brain metabolism and signaling, which may explain why seizures in some epilepsy patients can be controlled with a specially formulated diet. The research also found that the mitochondria of brain cells play a crucial role in energy production and signaling.
Researchers have discovered that polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism plays a crucial role in embryonic development and tissue organization. The study found that ACSL4 enzyme activity regulates a specific protein in the Bmp signaling pathway, which is essential for proper embryo organization.
Researchers found that diabetes drugs have different effects on the hearts of men and women, with metformin improving heart function in women but worsening it in men. The study suggests that sex differences play a role in how patients respond to treatments.
A recent study has found that great white sharks have more similar proteins to humans than zebrafish, which challenges current understanding of their evolution. This discovery opens up new avenues for studying shark metabolism and biochemistry, potentially revealing insights into the biology of mammals as well.
Therapeutic hypothermia decreases free radical production and inflammation, improving cerebral metabolism after traumatic brain injury. However, potential negative aspects of hypothermia treatment must be further studied.
John Jelesko, an associate professor of plant pathology and physiology at Virginia Tech, has been recognized as an AAAS Fellow for his distinguished contributions to the field of plant specialized metabolism. His research has led to a better understanding of plant metabolism with significant implications for the pharmaceutical industry.
Researchers at McMaster University discovered that metformin reduces harmful fat molecules in the liver, allowing insulin to work better and lower blood sugar levels. The study found that even obese mice with genetic mutations developed fatty liver and pre-diabetes.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have engineered yeast to consume acetic acid, a previously unwanted byproduct of biofuel production, resulting in a 10% increase in ethanol yield from lignocellulosic sources. This breakthrough could simplify cellulosic ethanol production and make it more efficient.
Scientists discovered a function of sNPF, a neuropeptide, in regulating both sleep and food intake in Drosophila. Activating sNPF led to rapid sleep induction, with flies sleeping on food sources for days. This study provides insight into the interaction between sleep and metabolism.
Researchers discovered a mutation in a gene can impact offspring and subsequent generations with developmental abnormalities, epigenetic changes, and severe health effects like spina bifida. Folate fortification programs have reduced the risk but not eliminated health problems.
A study by the University of Cambridge reveals that folic acid deficiency not only affects immediate offspring but also has detrimental health effects on subsequent generations. Researchers found that epigenetic changes caused by a specific gene mutation led to developmental abnormalities in great, great grandchildren.
Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine have found that transplanting fat into mice with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) significantly lowers amino acid levels, a breakthrough for treating this rare inherited disorder. The procedure may also be effective for other metabolic diseases.
A large DNA-sequencing study of anorexia nervosa has linked the eating disorder to variants in a gene coding for an enzyme regulating cholesterol metabolism. This finding suggests that anorexia could be caused by disruption in normal cholesterol processing, affecting mood and eating behavior.
Salmonella bacteria can manipulate macrophages to switch from an inflammatory to anti-inflammatory state, promoting chronic asymptomatic carriage of typhoid fever. This mechanism could lead to new treatments for typhoid fever, a disease that causes hundreds of thousands of deaths each year.
Researchers found aberrant splicing changes the form of an enzyme involved in metabolism, leaving slow muscle fibers unable to sustain exercise. This discovery may explain the muscle wasting seen in myotonic dystrophy, a disease characterized by abnormal CTG repeats.
Consuming artificial sweeteners has been associated with an increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Regular consumption can also lead to altered brain activation patterns and overindulgence in high-calorie foods.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that taking calcium supplements up to 1,000 mg per day can lower the risk of death in women. The research, conducted on 9,033 Canadians over 12 years, showed no benefit for men and no conclusive evidence that vitamin D has an impact on mortality.
A recent study found that calcium supplements, especially those containing up to 1,000 mg per day, can lower the risk of death among women. The benefit was seen regardless of whether the supplement contained vitamin D.
Researchers have developed a method to precisely control the distance between electrodes and cells, allowing for accurate measurement of single-cell oxygen consumption. This enables quick analysis of cell activity and metabolic processes.
A study published in PNAS reveals how disrupted cellular energy metabolism contributes to the development of Alzheimer's disease. In early-stage Alzheimer's, amyloid-beta-peptide accumulation disrupts mitochondrial function, leading to over-accumulation of calcium and neuronal death.
Studies found women with PCOS identified through general population screening had similar obesity rates as those without the condition. However, women actively seeking treatment had significantly higher obesity rates. This challenges the long-held assumption that obesity is a hallmark of PCOS.
Research reveals ATRX mutations cause DNA damage leading to premature aging symptoms such as shortened lifespan, cataracts and low bone density. The study found mice without the ATRX gene displayed problems in learning and memory, body growth and metabolism.
Christina Wang, a leading LA BioMed researcher, has been recognized for her outstanding contributions to the field of andrology. Her research has focused on male reproductive health and disease, with a particular emphasis on androgen replacement therapy and hormonal male contraceptive development.
Mark Andermann, PhD, received a three-year $300,000 award to investigate the effects of hunger on cognition. His research aims to understand the neural pathways controlling hunger and attention, with potential applications for treating obesity and eating disorders.
A new non-invasive optical measurement system monitors neonatal brain activity via cerebral metabolism and blood flow. The system, developed by Dr. Maria Angela Franceschini, will allow clinicians to screen for brain injury and monitor injury progression.
Researchers found a cross-talk between two types of brown fat that helps maintain body temperature and protect against diet-induced obesity. The study's findings may lead to new therapies that increase BAT formation to treat obesity.
Researchers developed a model that calculates how temperature changes affect parasite metabolism and life cycle, helping to predict disease ranges. The Princeton metabolic model can identify prospects for nearly any disease-causing parasite, even with limited knowledge of the organism.
Employees enrolled in a six-month worksite-based weight loss intervention with behavioral counseling lost an average of 18 pounds, while those in a control group gained two pounds. The study also found improvements in markers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk.
Researchers found that African-American and Caucasian women absorb and metabolize vitamin D at the same rate. Vitamin D deficiency can cause abnormalities in calcium, phosphorus, and bone metabolism, leading to conditions like osteomalacia and muscle weakness.
Researchers discover that belly and thigh fat differ significantly in gene expression, with unique homeobox genes influencing fat cell behavior. This finding may lead to targeted treatments for obesity, shifting focus from belly fat to hip and thigh fat.
A study published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology found that changes in dietary cholesterol can alter the gut flora, leading to a shift in bacterial populations. The researchers discovered that this change triggered an increase in cholesterol excretion into the gut, which in turn affected the abundance of certain bacterial taxa.