Articles tagged with Dna Damage
Researchers at Colorado State University have identified an alternate method to study changes during the DNA replication process in lab settings using genetically modified yeast. This new approach provides a less toxic and quickly reversible alternative to hydroxyurea, allowing for better insight into cell cycle arrest mechanisms.
A study from Lund University shows that high DNA fragmentation in sperm is associated with doubled risk of preeclampsia and premature birth in women conceived through IVF. The findings suggest that DFI analysis could be used to identify high-risk pregnancies, potentially leading to improved fertility treatment.
A new study found that 5-fluorouracil kills cells by interfering with RNA synthesis, not DNA damage. The findings suggest that combining 5-FU with drugs affecting RNA synthesis could make it more effective in patients with gastrointestinal cancers.
Researchers at Hokkaido University have identified a key gene, glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), that enables Syrian hamsters to survive extreme cold by limiting cellular damage. The discovery could lead to new treatments for human health, such as improving organ preservation and using hypothermia as a therapeutic tool.
Researchers found that border-associated macrophages (BAMs) with ApoE4 protein produce inflammatory oxygen free radicals, damaging blood vessels. Removing BAMs or reducing ApoE4 expression eliminated the harmful vascular effects. The study may help identify new approaches to preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers discovered that Huntington's disease protein aggregates cause breaks in the nuclear envelope, leading to DNA damage and misregulation of neuronal genes. The study suggests a common mechanism for neurodegenerative diseases involving nuclear aggregate-induced ruptures.
A new Australian study found a strong link between low magnesium levels and high homocysteine, leading to increased DNA damage and susceptibility to Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, gastrointestinal diseases, cancers, and diabetes. Wholegrains, dark leafy vegetables, nuts, beans, and dark chocolate are rich in magnesium.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the function of APE1 in DNA damage response, showing that it promotes SSB-induced ATM DDR through two mechanisms. The study provides direct evidence for APE1's active role in activating ATM kinase to promote the repair of single-strand DNA damage.
Professor Helle Ulrich will investigate how a small regulatory protein called ubiquitin contributes to DNA replication and repair, and decipher how cells direct different pathways. The ERC Advanced Grant aims to gain a deeper mechanistic understanding of ubiquitin's function in preventing mutations that can cause ageing and cancer.
Scientists found no significant differences in mutation rates of DNA strands despite different replication processes. The accumulation of mutations is shaped by DNA accessibility on repair efficiency rather than damage location.
A new study found that combining histone deacetylase inhibitors, poly (ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors, and decitabine resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity in all cell lines tested. This combination impaired DNA repair pathways and altered epigenetic regulation of gene expression.
Researchers discovered that a mutation in the TREX1 gene causes catastrophic DNA damage, leading to premature aging and organ damage. The study found that targeting TREX1 could have broad implications for treating many human diseases linked to aging.
A team of researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University has engineered a short sequence of artificial DNA to target the mutant protein p53-R175H, linked to lung, colorectal, and breast cancers. The new molecule, dp53m, inhibits cancer cell growth and increases sensitivity to chemotherapy agent cisplatin.
A KAUST team developed a simple approach to tackle CRISPR's deletion issue by targeting error-prone DNA repair pathways. By modulating specific genes, they reduced large deletions while enhancing homology-directed repair efficiency.
Purdue University researcher Hana Hall explores the role of R-loops in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, by investigating their impact on neuronal aging and DNA damage. Her work aims to understand how R-loop accumulation contributes to cellular stress and damage.
Researchers at Kobe University discovered a new gene, FDFT1, responsible for porokeratosis by identifying epigenetic silencing. Patients with localized lesions didn't have inherited damaged copies, leading to a hypothesis that epigenetic changes are the first hit. The findings have implications for treatment and counseling.
Researchers suggest that decreased expression of long genes contributes to aging, with potential links to neurodegenerative diseases and premature aging. This phenomenon can be mitigated by known anti-aging factors like dietary restriction.
Researchers have deciphered trabectedin's precise mechanism of action, revealing its ability to induce persistent DNA breaks in cancer cells. This disruption of the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) pathway leads to long-lasting DNA breaks that ultimately kill cancer cells.
A new study led by researchers at New York University finds that microscopic worms living in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone have not developed DNA damage from chronic radiation. The discovery suggests that these worms are exceptionally resilient and could provide clues for understanding human risk factors, but it does not mean the region...
A new study reveals that Agent Orange damages frontal lobe brain tissue in laboratory rats, causing molecular and biochemical abnormalities similar to early-stage Alzheimer's disease. This research has important implications for the long-term brain health of aging veterans and people exposed to biologically similar herbicides.
A recent study has uncovered 145 genes crucial for genome stability, shedding light on genetic factors influencing human health over a lifespan. The research highlights the potential of SIRT inhibitors as a therapeutic pathway for cohesinopathies and other genomic disorders.
Research published in ACS Environmental Science & Technology Letters reveals that exposure to pesticide-treated seeds can adversely affect earthworms' health. Earthworms exposed to non-lethal amounts of insecticides and fungicides showed poor weight gain and mitochondrial DNA damage.
Researchers developed a new epigenetic clock that predicts biological age from DNA structure, distinguishing between genetic differences that slow and accelerate aging. The model, called CausAge, includes only damaging or protective changes, allowing for more accurate evaluation of anti-aging interventions.
A protein called PARP1 forms a special healing zone that holds loose DNA ends together and allows DNA repair to begin. This discovery provides valuable insight into the molecular basis of DNA damage repair and its potential application in cancer treatment.
Researchers develop nanofibrous matrices containing MXene nanoparticles to aid in muscle regeneration. The study reveals molecular mechanisms behind the effects of MXene nanoparticles on muscle growth, suggesting a promising avenue for treating volumetric muscle loss and muscle-related ailments.
Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered that toxic short RNAs contribute to neuron death and DNA damage in Alzheimer's disease. Studies found that older individuals with superior memories have higher amounts of protective short RNA strands in their brains.
Researchers unveiled a previously unknown effect of PG545 in ovarian cancer cells, inducing DNA damage and promoting autophagic degradation of RAD51. This breakthrough could aid in selecting the most appropriate treatments for ovarian cancer patients with PARPi resistance.
Researchers have found that ultraviolet laser light can degrade coronavirus particles by damaging their genetic material and protein spikes. The study reveals the effectiveness of UVC laser radiation in inactivating SARS-CoV-2, with applications for public disinfection and decontamination.
Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System discovered that tau proteins damage brain cells by warping their nuclei, altering gene function and increasing tau production. This finding could lead to new treatments for Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies.
Cancer cells' uncontrolled growth leads to a loss of ability to divide due to genetic damage accumulation. Simultaneous treatment with growth and division inhibitors can restore cellular function.
Researchers found that DNA damage accumulates in arteries with aging and contributes to impaired vascular function. In mice lacking or heterozygous for the double-strand DNA break repair protein ATM kinase, aging accelerated vascular dysfunction, including increased arterial stiffness and oxidative stress.
A team of Chinese and UK researchers has identified superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) as a potential target for reversing drug resistance in ovarian cancer. By using nanoparticles to deliver siRNA that reduces SOD1 levels, the study showed reduced growth and decreased resistance to cisplatin in female mice.
Researchers developed a new formulation of doxorubicin that targets cancer cells while reducing cardiotoxicity. The protein-shell encapsulation increases specificity for cancer cells and decreases harm to healthy heart cells.
A new study from Aarhus University reveals that indoor air pollution from candle smoke and cooking fumes can cause irritation and inflammation in young individuals with mild asthma. The research found indications of DNA damage and signs of inflammation in the blood, highlighting the need for proper ventilation when cooking or burning c...
Scientists have discovered that small fat-filled lipid droplets can indent and puncture a cell's nucleus, leading to elevated DNA damage. This finding has significant implications for various diseases, including cancer.
Scientists have discovered an additional source of genetic mutations that cause rare conditions like Huntington's disease. Expanded CAG repeat RNA can form aggregates that reduce global protein synthesis and lead to neurotoxicity.
A team of scientists studied the impact of radiation on DNA, revealing that damaged areas are separated by a critical distance before breaking. The study found an exponential increase in DNA breakage time with distance, providing crucial information for effective DNA repair processes.
Researchers have discovered that gene editing technologies may introduce unintended mutations and damage to DNA in early human embryos. The study found that most cells repair breaks in the DNA using non-homologous end joining, which can lead to additional genetic abnormalities.
Patients with GATA2 deficiency have impaired ability to produce immune cells, leading to increased risk of recurrent infections and blood cancers. The study's findings suggest that a zebrafish model may help develop new treatments to slow or reverse the disease.
Scientists at UCSF and NIBSC have developed two new oral polio vaccines with genetically engineered weakened poliovirus to reduce reversion to dangerous forms. These vaccines aim to boost the World Health Organization's efforts to eradicate polio, which has persisted despite successful international vaccination campaigns.
Researchers discovered that components of heat-marred DNA can be absorbed during digestion and incorporated into the DNA of consumers, potentially triggering genetic mutations. This finding has important implications for dietary choices and public health, highlighting the need to reassess cooking methods.
The study elucidated the mechanism of NER, a crucial DNA repair process, and revealed that XPC, TFIIH, and XPA proteins work together to verify DNA damage. This understanding may lead to the development of treatments for xeroderma pigmentosum patients.
A new study by North Carolina State University researchers finds that sucralose-6-acetate, a chemical formed when we digest sucralose, is genotoxic and breaks up DNA. The chemical is also present in trace amounts in the sweetener itself, posing potential health risks.
A new study by MIT scientists shows that 40 Hz vibration can reduce levels of the hallmark Alzheimer's protein phosphorylated tau, preserve neurons, and improve motor function in mouse models. This research demonstrates a third sensory modality to increase gamma power in the brain, offering new hope for Alzheimer's treatment.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University identify a novel focal adhesion remodeling process that strengthens cell-matrix adhesion in response to genotoxic stress. This mechanism involves the replacement of FAK with FRNK, leading to increased firm cell attachment.
Researchers from Karolinska Institutet and the Max Planck Institute have identified a new mechanism for DNA folding, revealing how the Smc5/6 complex regulates chromosomal organization. This discovery provides new insights into normal development and disease prevention.
Researchers created the integrated-gut-liver-on-a-chip platform to examine how gut and liver cells interact, particularly in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The study showed significant changes in gene expression and DNA damage when free fatty acids were introduced, leading to cell death similar to severe cases of NAFLD.
Researchers at University of Cologne discovered a way to improve DNA repair in body cells, making them resilient towards DNA damage. This can help prevent aging and cancer development, with potential applications for treating human patients.
A new study found that women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations who are obese may experience higher rates of DNA damage in their breast tissue, which could contribute to breast cancer development. The researchers suggest that weight management and medications like metformin may be important for preventive care.
Scientists discovered a new type of DNA repair mechanism that cancer cells use to recover from next-generation cancer radiation therapy. DNA polymerase θ (POLQ) is an important factor in repairing complex DNA double-strand breaks, and inhibiting POLQ may augment the efficacy of heavy ion radiation therapy.
Researchers at Pusan National University have developed a novel FRET-based biosensor to detect double-strand breaks in DNA, providing real-time information on γH2AX. The sensor's sensitivity is higher than conventional immunostaining techniques, making it useful for identifying DNA damage factors and elucidating repair mechanisms.
A Mediterranean diet rich in colourful fruits and vegetables helps prevent prostate cancer and speeds up recovery after radiation treatment. Foods such as tomatoes, melons, and nuts are particularly beneficial due to their high levels of lycopene and selenium.
Researchers used C-trap technology to investigate how different DNA repair proteins identify and bind to their respective forms of damage. They found that some proteins arrived at the damage site together and departed together, while others showed surprising variability in their association and dissociation patterns. The study provides...
Researchers estimate transcription error rates in human cells and identify genetic and epigenetic factors responsible for inaccuracies. Inaccurate transcription produces truncated or altered proteins, leading to disease.
Scientists mapped DNA damage caused by a compound found in cigarette smoke and industrial air. The study provides insight into how this compound damages DNA and can help predict genetic mutations related to human cancers. The technique could aid in forecasting exposures that lead to cancers.
A new study from the Keck School of Medicine of USC found that vaping and smoking both cause significant DNA damage in oral epithelial cells. The frequency and duration of vaping were associated with increased levels of DNA damage, which is linked to chronic diseases such as cancer and inflammatory conditions.
A mutant SRSF1 gene may cause severe nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH), researchers have found. Mice lacking the gene develop all three hallmarks of NASH: excess fat, inflammation, and scarring in the liver. The study suggests that DNA damage in liver cells triggers this pathology, highlighting the need to protect the genome.
Research suggests that poor oral health may contribute to declines in brain function and cognitive abilities. A recent study analyzed the relationship between oral health and brain health among approximately 40,000 adults and found a potential link between gum disease and white matter hyperintensities.
Researchers at WashU Medicine have identified a previously unknown signaling pathway that protects cells from DNA replication stress, which is common in cancer. Targeting this pathway with inhibitors and chemotherapy drugs could make cancer treatments more effective.
A new study finds that andiroba oil accelerates wound healing, increases contraction rates, and promotes local re-epithelialization. The oil also presents a similar potential to low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in treating oral mucositis, a common side effect of chemotherapy.