Articles tagged with Immune System
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh discovered that exhausted cancer-fighting T cells can become immunosuppressive when working in low-oxygen tumor environments. Targeting these conditions can reinvigorate these cells, improving response to immune-based cancer therapies.
A multidisciplinary team of researchers discovered hearing impairment in a novel preclinical model of autism spectrum disorder. The study highlights the importance of considering sensory organs and their interactions with the brain in understanding ASD.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine have developed a new biomarker-based strategy to screen for immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis, which can cause muscle damage and liver injury. Early detection of these biomarkers can lead to earlier treatment and improved survival rates.
A study by Osaka University tracked the survival of antibody-producing plasma cells, finding that most die shortly after immune response, but a small population can survive for months or years. The researchers identified molecular markers distinguishing these long-lived plasma cells from short-lived ones.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have confirmed that the smallpox vaccine MVA-BN (JYNNEOS) can teach T cells to recognize and fight the mpox virus. The study suggests that the JYNNEOS vaccine may provide protection against severe disease and could be effective in immunocompromised individuals.
Researchers found that graphene oxide exposure altered the gut microbiome and triggered a type 2 immune response in zebrafish, which could inform strategies to mitigate adverse effects of nanomaterials.
Researchers from The Mount Sinai Hospital found that talquetamab, a bispecific antibody, was successful in killing multiple myeloma cells in over 70% of patients. This therapy directs the immune system to target cancer cells and has shown promise even for those who have resisted all other treatments.
A study suggests that visceral fat cells, rather than subcutaneous fat cells, are more susceptible to infection by the COVID-19 virus. This increased susceptibility leads to a higher viral load and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can exacerbate severe disease.
Researchers found that women experiencing prolonged mental health issues after childbirth had genetic evidence of higher immune system defense mechanism activation. The study also identified reduced antiviral immune response genes, which may offer protection from pathogens.
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz has been awarded funding for three Collaborative Research Centers in the life sciences, including CRC 1551 and CRC/Transregio 355. The centers will focus on investigating polymer concepts in cellular function and heterogeneity of regulatory T cells in distinct microenvironments.
The German Research Foundation has approved a new Collaborative Research Center at the University Medical Center Mainz, exploring regulatory T cells in immune-related and tissue-specific diseases. The project aims to develop tailored immunotherapies using Treg cells, which could lead to breakthroughs in patient care.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have shown that B cells can prevent intestinal healing by increasing in numbers after bowel damage. The study found that mice lacking B cells recovered more quickly after bowel damage than regular mice.
Researchers at Scripps Research developed nanoparticles that target only the immune cells driving an autoimmune reaction, delaying or preventing severe disease in a mouse model of arthritis. The treatment boosts regulatory T cell populations and reduces anti-self-antigen antibody production.
Research found that while broad T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is currently protective, recognition of seven out of ten T-cell targets mutated in COVID-19 variants is impaired. The study suggests ongoing mutation could lead to decreased overall immune system protection.
Researchers analyzed a child's genetic data to identify novel mutations in the GTF3A gene, which impair the innate immune response. The study found that these mutations make cells more susceptible to HSV-1 infection and loss of antiviral immune response.
Researchers at CU Anschutz Medical Campus have identified a less invasive way to treat HPV-unrelated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by combining radiation with immunotherapy. The approach resulted in remarkable success rates, including 75% of patients experiencing major pathological responses or complete responses.
Gene variants associated with leukaemia produce 'rogue' killer T cells that drive autoimmune diseases, according to a new study. These rogue cells can cause autoimmune disease even at low levels, highlighting the connection between leukaemia and autoimmunity.
A new collaborative research centre, DECIDE, will investigate the interactions between pathogens and the human immune system, aiming to improve treatment strategies. The centre combines research on various bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and will involve numerous young researchers.
Researchers at the University Hospital Bonn have discovered a new function of CRISPR/Cas9 gene scissors, which produce small signal molecules that bind to proteins, activating an emergency response. This discovery opens up new possibilities for treating diseases using CRISPR technology.
A team of scientists found that bats have multiple copies of the PKR gene, allowing them to develop an antiviral repertoire. This adaptation enables bats to defend themselves against a wide range of viruses.
Using an AI, researchers successfully designed synthetic DNA that controls protein production in cells. The technology can speed up the development of vaccines, drugs for severe diseases, and alternative food proteins.
Researchers found that HER2-positive breast cancer patients with high levels of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in residual disease have significantly shorter overall survival. High levels of TILs are associated with poorer outcomes, while lower levels are linked to improved survival rates.
A recent study from Linköping University found that COVID-19 reactivated several latent viruses, including the Epstein-Barr virus, in people with chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). The study suggests that these reactivated viruses may contribute to the disease's symptoms and could potentially be used as a diagnostic tool.
Researchers have found that gossypetin from hibiscus activates microglia in the brain, which scavenge amyloid-beta aggregates to prevent cognitive decline. The study suggests a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease using this flavonoid compound.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 increases methylation of host cell RNA, which can help the virus evade the immune system. This discovery provides insights into how different variants escape immunity and offers potential avenues for novel COVID-19 treatments.
A new study confirms that COVID-19 deaths among children and young people are rare, with most fatalities occurring in those with severe neurodisability or compromised immune systems. The analysis of detailed data showed that half of COVID-19 deaths occurred within 30 days of infection.
A study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that specific immune system biomarkers are linked to the acquisition of both HIV and genital herpes. The researchers identified unique predictors for each disease, providing new targets for preventive treatments.
Researchers discovered that a ketogenic diet high in saturated fats can reprogram the mouse immune system, making it better at fighting off infections but more susceptible to systemic inflammatory conditions. The study also found that another type of fat, oleic acid, may be able to counteract the harmful effects of palmitic acid.
Researchers found significant immunological differences mediating sex differences in COVID-19 responses. Infected females had higher rates of symptoms but lower viral loads, with stronger immune response gene expression and molecular signatures.
A study published in Science Immunology clarifies the function of tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm cells) in protecting against infection and cancer. Researchers found that CD103+ Trm cells play a less critical role, while CD103- cells are more effective in attacking bacteria upon reinfection.
Researchers used DNA barcoding to track breast cancer cells over time, finding that some cells can suppress killer T-cells and reduce MHC1 expression to evade the immune system. This study suggests epigenetic mechanisms may play a role in cancer cell adaptation and provides potential targets for therapies.
Researchers have found therapies that can help patients with relapsed multiple myeloma who tried CAR-T therapy, including bispecific antibodies and other types of CAR-T cell therapy. The study analyzed 79 patients and found that stem cell transplants and other drug combinations showed some efficacy in these patients.
A new study led by University of Cincinnati researcher Trisha Wise-Draper found that immunotherapy treatments may worsen COVID-19 disease in patients with baseline immunosuppression. However, patients who received COVID-19 vaccinations had less severe COVID-19 outcomes.
A high-fat diet in pregnant monkeys alters the transcriptional landscape of fetal blood stem cells, leading to a hyperinflammatory response and suppressed B-cell development. The study's findings suggest that maternal obesity may influence fetal bone marrow and immune system development.
A new study by researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that patients with cancer and a weakened immune system who receive immunotherapies are more likely to experience severe COVID-19. The study also found that patients treated with other systemic treatments have milder symptoms, but still face increased risk of complications.
A rare genetic variation in the X chromosome's TLR7 gene has been identified as a five times greater risk factor for severe COVID-19. The study, conducted across 12 countries, highlights the importance of host genetics in COVID-19 outcomes.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona found that senescent cells stimulate the immune system to attack tumors more effectively than dead cells. Vaccinating healthy mice with senescent cells reduced tumor growth and improved immune response in animal models of melanoma and pancreatic cancer.
A study published in PLOS Genetics found that genetic variants linked to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may also provide protection against severe COVID-19 infection. The researchers identified TYK2, a gene involved in interferon production, as the key locus behind this protective effect.
Researchers from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz developed ceria nanoparticles to silence bacteria by modifying signaling molecules, preventing biofilm formation. This approach mimics nature's defense system and has potential for creating antibacterial surfaces without resistance.
A new study reveals that urolithin A from pomegranates can rejuvenate T cells by recycling and renewing mitochondria, enhancing their ability to fight tumors. The researchers plan to investigate the application of urolithin A in clinical trials for colorectal cancer.
A multistate study found that mRNA COVID vaccines were less effective in immunocompromised adults, with protection rates ranging from 34% to 71% after multiple doses. The study emphasizes the importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as masks and antibody treatment, for additional protection against severe COVID-19.
A study by the University of Bonn elucidated an important immune mechanism crucial for making hemophilia treatment effective. The researchers found that regulatory T cells can activate a self-destruct button on B cells against factor VIII, leading to its tolerance.
Researchers will investigate immune system differences between men and women to better understand neurodegenerative diseases. The study aims to identify why certain neurological diseases primarily affect males or females, and how this difference impacts disease progression.
A study found that young women's vaginal immune systems become more active after first-time intercourse, which may increase or decrease the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections. The changes were confirmed not to be due to pregnancy or having an STI.
Researchers found a significant association between NTM infection and increased mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. Early diagnosis and treatment may improve survival. NTM can cause nonspecific symptoms like fever and weight loss, and patients with compromised immune systems are at higher risk.
Research found that the Black Death drove changes in immune-related genetic variants, affecting disease susceptibility. A specific gene variant, ERAP2, was associated with increased protection against the plague, but also linked to autoimmune diseases like Crohn's disease.
Researchers analyzed DNA from victims and survivors of the Black Death to identify genetic differences that determined who lived and died. The study found four genes involved in immune defense against pathogens, with versions of these genes linked to increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.
Researchers identified urolithin A as a compound that improves function of immune cells against cancer. The study found that urolithin A induces mitophagy in T cells, recycling and renewing mitochondria to enhance tumor-fighting capabilities.
Researchers have designed a potential therapeutic that dampens the activity of regulatory T cells, which can prevent the immune system from unleashing its full potential against tumor cells. The molecule, known as FOX3P, acts as a transcription factor for many Treg genes but isn't vital for other types of T cells.
Researchers analyzed 408 patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and found no increased risk of side effects from receiving both immunotherapy and the vaccine. The study supports NCCN's recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination in people with cancer, citing strong protection against severe COVID-19 for all variants.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have identified a mechanism that helps dendritic cells migrate more quickly to lymph nodes. The discovery reveals that forming multiple centrosomes enables these immune cells to stay on course longer before continuing their search.
A VUB study has mapped the immune system's response to brain infections, revealing that resident macrophages play a key role in defending against pathogens. The researchers found that blood-derived immune cells can eliminate parasites, but may retain 'memory' of past infections, altering their ability to respond to future insults.
Researchers found that high PERK activity correlates with poorer outcomes and lower anti-tumor immune cells in patients with melanoma. Inhibition of PERK promoted a type of cell death called paraptosis, which involved trafficking of immune cells to tumors and matured dendritic cells triggering anti-tumor T cell immunity.
Experiments in cell cultures and mice showed that blocking the function of NSUN2 triggers a powerful innate immune response, dramatically lowering viral replication and protecting lung tissue. This finding could help change the approach to developing antiviral medications.
Researchers developed an AI model that analyzes immune cells to predict which skin cancer patients will benefit from treatments activating the immune system. The study found that patients with more immune cells recognizing skin cancer had better treatment outcomes.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a new RNA vaccine tool called RADAR, which can selectively target specific cells and induce protein production. This technology could offer precise treatment options for various diseases, including cancer.
The event will cover various topics including microbiota dysbiosis, oral and vaginal microbiota, and their impact on diseases like depression, cancer, and respiratory infections. The meeting aims to accelerate Microbiota medicine applications through strategic discussions.
Researchers discovered that B cells randomly allocate antibody classes to fight infections and diseases, leading to varying probabilities of developing conditions like asthma. This 'molecular roulette' process can be predicted using a formula, paving the way for understanding individual susceptibility.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered a rare T cell defect tied to the risk of developing MAC disease. People with this defect have fewer specialized Th1* cells, which robs them of an effective immune response to MAC bacteria.
A Rutgers-led study statistically evaluated government data to determine if COVID-19 vaccination increases the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The results show no significant association between any COVID-19 vaccinations and the disease.