Research on the lungs and respiratory health. Covers asthma prevention, immune cell activity, age-related decline, and pulmonary care.
The article reviews mechanisms linking obesity and diabetes to COVID-19 severity, suggesting that bacterial conditions work with the virus to increase disease severity. A combined deficiency in ACE2 caused by COVID-19 leads to impaired gut barrier function, allowing bacteria and toxins to leak into the circulation.
A team led by West Virginia University researcher Larissa Casaburi is developing an AI model that predicts COVID-19 patient outcomes based on factors such as lung conditions, smoking history, and coal mining. The model has the potential to provide more accurate diagnoses and tailor treatment plans to individual patients.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have developed an experimental imaging agent called Galuminox that detects inflammation via positron-emission tomography (PET) scans. The agent has shown promise in imaging inflammation in the lungs of mice with acute lung injury, and its potential uses include cancer treatment an...
Researchers detected significant amounts of NETs in Covid-19 patients' lungs, contributing to severe disease complications. NET-targeting pharmacological approaches may improve patient conditions, while understanding the mechanisms behind these toxins is crucial for preventing further complications.
A new study reveals that autistic individuals are 1.5 to 4.3 times more likely to have chronic physical health conditions, including low blood pressure, arrhythmias, asthma, and prediabetes. Autistic females also face increased risks of these conditions, depending on their biological sex.
A study by researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center found that vaping and smoking are linked to an increased risk of COVID-19 in young people. The research team is investigating the role of ACE2 receptors in this connection, which may help identify vulnerable individuals who can be better monitored.
A study published in European Respiratory Journal found that COVID-19 patients developed pneumothorax at a 0.91% incidence rate. Survival rates were higher among younger patients, while older patients and those with acidosis had poorer outcomes.
Researchers followed 150 COVID-19 patients for six, 12, and 24 weeks to track lung and heart damage. Symptoms improved significantly between visits, with lung damage decreasing from 88% at six weeks to 56% at 12 weeks.
Researchers found that mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells were reduced in the blood of severe COVID-19 patients but increased in their airways. Highly activated MAIT and iNKT cells were associated with better outcomes, suggesting a beneficial role during severe COVID-19.
A study published in the European Respiratory Journal found that children with accelerated weight gain before age four have higher lung function at age seven, but also exhibit airflow limitation. The research suggests that early childhood growth patterns can be a useful tool for identifying respiratory health issues.
Research presented at the European Respiratory Society International Congress shows that babies exposed to levels of air pollution within EU standards develop poorer lung function as children and teenagers. Long-term exposure to air pollution is also linked to a higher risk of developing asthma in adults, according to a second study.
Researchers at UIC have discovered that blood vessel cells play a crucial role in programming macrophages to reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair. The study found that Rspondin3, a protein released by blood vessels, helps guide the programming of macrophages.
Researchers found that patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have lower fungal diversity in their lungs, leading to more severe disease outcomes. This is because fungi can activate and regulate the immune system, contributing to inflammation and organ failure.
A new study suggests that COVID-19 is causing significant dilation of the lung's blood vessels, contributing to low oxygen levels and unusual respiratory behavior. The dilation was detected using a non-invasive ultrasound technique, and its correlation with oxygen levels may help explain why some patients experience 'happy hypoxia.'
A new tool for diagnosing COVID-19 has been developed by LSU Health New Orleans, using 3D digital models created from CT scans of patients with severe respiratory symptoms. The tool allows clinicians to visualize the distribution of the virus in the lungs and may help identify false negatives in RT-PCR testing.
New research shows that nitrate improves diaphragm function by increasing power, which could help elderly individuals clear lungs more effectively. This finding is significant, especially in the context of COVID-19, as the diaphragm plays a crucial role in breathing and coughing.
A new study finds that oxygen therapy can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the lungs, contributing to lung injury. The researchers used mice and found that high concentrations of oxygen led to an increase in oxygen-tolerant bacteria, which are more likely to cause infections.
The WVU toxicologist aims to improve health and well-being in susceptible populations by studying the impact of air pollution on lung regeneration. He plans to identify adverse outcomes of carbon black and ground level ozone inhalation, and study mechanisms leading to lung injury and impairment of lung regeneration.
A team of researchers at McMaster University has discovered that the ACE2 receptor is present in very low levels in human lung tissue, suggesting alternative infection pathways. This finding challenges existing knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells and may lead to better diagnostic devices and treatment strategies.
A study published in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases identified a genetic variant associated with an increased risk of interstitial lung disease among Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patients. The variant, located in the RPA3 gene, is linked to fibrosis and triggers complications in RA patients.
A pre-clinical study led by Cincinnati Children's Hospital demonstrates that barasertib reverses fibroblast activation, stopping dangerous scar tissue build-up in lungs of IPF patients. The drug targets AURKB activity, slowing disease progress and improving lung function.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a synthetic inhibitor of coagulation factor XII that efficiently blocks blood clotting without causing bleeding side-effects. The inhibitor has high potency and selectivity, but its short retention time requires constant infusion to achieve sustained thrompobrotection.
The American Thoracic Society and its collaborators have developed new clinical practice guidelines for diagnosing hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a condition that manifests as interstitial lung disease. The guidelines aim to standardize clinical care and facilitate research by providing a framework for clinicians to make accurate diagno...
A randomized clinical trial using dornase alfa, a cystic fibrosis treatment, aims to reduce inflammation and mucus production in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The study's main goal is to monitor the number of patients alive and ventilator-free 28 days after treatment.
A two-year observational pilot study found that remote monitoring of post-operative lung transplant patients significantly reduced hospital stays and readmissions by 44% and 66%, respectively. The study also showed a significant reduction in hospital costs, with an average savings of $132,000 per patient per year.
Adult survivors of preterm birth may have impaired respiratory mechanics, making exercise and lung function more difficult. Researchers are studying the underlying causes to help clinicians accurately target treatment.
Dr. Yuan's research program expands to include COVID-19, exploring tissue-specific biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Her microvascular research has significantly advanced understanding of vascular barrier function and inflammation.
A recent study published in American Journal of Roentgenology found that lung ultrasound was highly sensitive for detecting COVID-19 abnormalities, with B-lines, thickened pleural line, and pulmonary consolidation being the most commonly observed features.
A study found that malaria drug chloroquine does not inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung cells, raising concerns about its potential use as a COVID-19 treatment. The research highlights the importance of using relevant cell lines in clinical trials to ensure effective treatments.
Researchers from the University of Seville have developed a system that uses deep learning to identify COVID-19 patients using lung X-ray images. The system achieves around 100% accuracy in identifying COVID-19 and can help reduce health professionals' workload by filtering out negative cases.
Researchers will test two existing drugs against SARS-CoV-2-infected mini lungs in a dish to find solutions for COVID-19. The grant aims to advance promising drug candidates and improve patient care.
Researchers found that CBD can help reduce cytokine storm and excessive lung inflammation caused by COVID-19. The study suggests that CBD may enable lungs to recover from damage, potentially reducing the need for mechanical ventilation.
Researchers at Lund University developed a novel surgical technique combining with smart nanoparticles to target lung tumors. The approach has shown promise in animal models, allowing for selective tumor targeting and reduced side effects.
A multidisciplinary team from Columbia Engineering and Vanderbilt University has successfully recovered severely injured donor lungs using a cross-circulation platform. This method provides intrinsic biological repair mechanisms over long periods, enabling the recovery of lungs that cannot be saved by standard clinical EVLP.
A multidisciplinary team has developed a new technique to recover human lungs declined for transplant through cross-circulation between the human lung and a xenogeneic host. This breakthrough increases organ availability, saving lives of those waiting on the transplant list.
Researchers have developed a radical non-invasive X-ray technology that can pinpoint localised areas of deficiency in lungs, improving diagnoses and treatments for cystic fibrosis. The technology, called X-ray velocimetry, measures airflow through the lungs during breathing cycles, enabling better assessment of lung function.
A groundbreaking study published in Science Advances has identified five unique cell types associated with lung fibrosis, including a pro-fibrotic epithelial cell that drives the disease. The research also reveals high plasticity in lung cells, allowing them to transform into different types under certain conditions.
PRRT is an approved treatment modality for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, particularly in midgut NETs. In Australia, PRRT is used more widely than previously thought, despite limited Phase III trial data for lung NETs.
The level and activity of von Willebrand factor (VWF) in the blood may predict COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Research suggests that increased VWF levels are associated with severe COVID-19 complications, including thrombosis and respiratory distress.
A new study by NYU Langone Health found that commercially available fireworks emit toxic metals such as lead, copper, and titanium, which can damage human cells and animal lungs. Exposure to these particles was also linked to increased oxidation in the body, a chemical process that can cause cell damage.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed an efficient new way to quickly analyze complex geometric models by using Monte Carlo methods. This approach eliminates the need to divide shapes into meshes, reducing errors and increasing computation speed.
A low-cost, easy-to-use emergency ventilator for COVID-19 patients has been developed at the University of California San Diego. The UCSD MADVent Mark V can be assembled in just 15 minutes and is designed to be safe and easy to use for healthcare workers with limited experience.
A new smartphone app uses voice recordings to detect fluid in the lungs of heart failure patients, allowing for early intervention and potentially preventing hospitalizations. The app requires a daily 30-second recording, which is compared to a personalized 'healthy' model to identify subtle changes.
Researchers developed tiny, decoy 'sponges' that attract and neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 virus, preventing it from replicating in lung cells. The nanotechnology could be adapted to combat other viruses like influenza or Ebola.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have developed a groundbreaking 3D printing technique that prints electronic sensors directly on organs expanding and contracting. This technology could aid in diagnosing and monitoring patients with COVID-19 by tracking lung movements.
Researchers have successfully used magnetic targeting to improve the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating silicosis. The study found that MSCs treated with magnets showed significant reductions in lung damage and improvements in pulmonary function compared to non-magnetized MSCs.
A new study in The American Journal of Pathology reports that gene expression analysis of lung explant tissue can accurately differentiate pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) from pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD). This molecular approach promises to facilitate clinical diagnostics and develop novel target-specific intervention...
Researchers tested interferon treatment for COVID-19 and found that timing and duration of exposure may impact bacterial susceptibility. Studies in mice suggest that type III interferons can cause damage to lung epithelium, increasing the risk of lethal superinfections.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute found that a protein which helps fight viruses can later interfere with lung tissue repair. This could prolong lung damage and increase risk of subsequent bacterial infections.
Researchers at Salk Institute discovered that lung-resident killer T cells can recognize second viral infections without relying on dendritic cells, providing a new paradigm for vaccine development. This finding may lead to superior immunity against respiratory viruses.
A new biohybrid model, developed by Ellen Roche and colleagues, accurately represents the interplay between the abdomen, diaphragm, lungs, and pleural space. The model enables precise tuning of pressure in each part of the system, allowing for the testing of various disease conditions and ventilator options.
A new study found that people with small airways relative to their lungs' volume are at increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) regardless of smoking habits. Individuals with smaller airways had the poorest lung function and were 8 times more likely to develop COPD.
A new study found that high uric acid levels protect female lung function from decline with age or disease. Women with lower female hormone levels are more likely to benefit from this antioxidant effect.
A new study examines ventilation and medication strategies to prevent psychological trauma in COVID-19 ARDS survivors. Researchers found that opiates are the most reliable agent for relieving air hunger, while sedatives often do not alleviate shortness of breath.
A new study published in eLife finds that the number and types of immune cells in mouse lungs increase rapidly after birth, helping them adapt to breathing and protect against infections. This discovery may lead to new therapies to preserve or enhance lung development in infants and young children.
The study found that SARS-CoV-2 infects nasal-lining cells more efficiently than lower-airway cells, suggesting the importance of wearing masks to limit transmission. The researchers also discovered a new reverse genetic platform for SARS-CoV-2, which will support national vaccine efforts.
A study examining COVID-19 patient lungs found distinctive vascular features, including severe endothelial injury and blood clotting. Researchers also observed a unique pattern of pulmonary vascular disease progression in some cases compared to equally severe influenza infections.
Researchers investigate how macrophages mediate tissue repair and promote lung stem-cell growth in response to worm infections. Their findings may have relevance for understanding and treating COVID-19-related lung damage.
A team of researchers from MIT and Brigham and Women's Hospital has developed a new approach to splitting ventilators, allowing for personalized airflow control and pressure release valves. This system could make it easier to divide air flow for Covid-19 patients in emergencies when no other options are available.
Researchers report increased ACE2 expression in smokers' lungs, possibly resulting in COVID-19 morbidity. Smoking causes a significant increase in the protein's production, tied to goblet cell hyperplasia and associated with COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.