Articles tagged with Lungs
Scientists at UNC-Chapel Hill used a new lab model containing human lung tissue to show that EIDD-2801 effectively halts SARS-CoV-2 replication and prevents infection of human cells. The drug also demonstrated significant reduction in viral shedding in COVID-19 patients.
A recent genome mapping study by the University of Copenhagen found that our common fish ancestor, which lived 50 million years ago, already carried genetic codes for limb-like forms and air breathing. This discovery challenges the long-held belief that limbs and lungs evolved separately during the vertebrate transition from water to l...
Researchers report a promising therapeutic approach combining PD-1 and VEGF inhibitors with chemotherapy to control cholangiocarcinoma progression. This treatment resulted in significant reduction of lung lesions and stabilization of liver lesions, suggesting potential for improved patient survival.
Researchers found that inhaling unfragmented hyaluronan improves lung function in patients with severe COPD, shortening hospital stays and decreasing breathing support needs. The treatment also aids mucus transport and promotes recovery.
A Boston University research team mapped molecular activities in lung cells at the onset of coronavirus infection, revealing 18 FDA-approved drugs that could halt the virus' replication process. The discovery may lead to more effective therapeutic interventions and reduce deaths related to COVID-19 infections.
A new skin-based vaccine delivery method has shown promising results in preclinical studies, generating potent immune responses and superior lung-specific T cells against respiratory illnesses.
A mathematical model, the BathRC model, enables doctors to calculate the amount of restriction required to safely ventilate two patients using one ventilator. Accurate matching and correct resistance are key to this process.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered a key role of monocytes in sarcoidosis, revealing they can be potent TNF producers and predict disease outcome. This breakthrough opens possibilities for identifying biomarkers and more effective treatment strategies, potentially reducing cases of chronic sarcoidosis.
Researchers found that COVID-19 infects the brain, leading to severe illness, even after lungs clear themselves of the virus. The study suggests that brain damage is a key factor in long-term health problems and increased risk of future diseases.
A new technique developed by researchers at PNNL reveals that e-cigarettes inflict subtle structural changes in proteins, marking the first time such damage has been measured. The study found significant oxidative stress on lung tissue in rats, compromising regulatory proteins and potentially leading to chronic stress.
Two studies from Michigan Medicine reveal COVID-19 deaths are primarily due to lung damage, unlike other lung failures. Evidence-based interventions like prone positioning and mechanical ventilation improve outcomes.
Researchers disrupt molecule that causes excess mucus in lungs, reverses its deadly impacts. The treatment also works on human mucus samples and has potential for treating other pulmonary diseases.
A new study identified a molecule that reduces inflammation during mechanical ventilation, but isn't enough to prevent lung damage. Delivering high levels of the molecule with nanoparticles was effective in fending off ventilator-related lung damage in mice.
Researchers at Northwestern University identified critical targets to treat severe COVID-19 pneumonia and lessen its damage. The study suggests macrophages can be infected by SARS-CoV-2, contributing to the infection's spread.
A new study published in Annals of the American Thoracic Society found that COVID-19 patients with varying degrees of severity do not experience significant long-term respiratory problems. However, fatigue and ill health persist in many patients, suggesting ongoing need for follow-up care.
Researchers at the University of Basel have identified immune cells resident in the lungs that persist long after a bout of flu, improving the immune response to reinfection by different strains. The discovery could lead to longer-lasting vaccinations against quickly-mutating viruses.
New research from Karolinska Institutet reveals the development of lung macrophages, immune cells that can protect or harm lungs. Classical monocytes migrate into airways and lung tissue, becoming protective macrophages, while non-classical monocytes develop into pro-inflammatory macrophages.
Research at Hebrew University found fenofibrate effective in treating COVID-19 by reducing fat buildup in lung cells. Clinical trials are underway to confirm the findings and explore its potential as a treatment for severe COVID cases.
Researchers will develop a human, three-dimensional model system for IPF using induced pluripotent stem cells to better understand its mechanisms. The study aims to provide insights into the development of IPF and potential new treatments.
A study published in Cell Reports Medicine found a link between autoantibodies and lung fibrosis progression in systemic sclerosis patients. The researchers discovered that osteopontin, a protein previously implicated in fibrosis, may be responsible for triggering lung scarring.
Researchers discovered a link between antibodies and aggressive lung rejection, and found targeting B cells and interleukin-6 can reduce fibrosis and rejection. This approach may lead to personalized therapies for patients with chronic rejection.
A clinical study by researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign found that an antifungal drug improved key biomarkers in lung tissue cultures and nasal cells of patients with cystic fibrosis. The study suggests that the drug could benefit all patients, regardless of their mutation, offering a new approach to treatment.
A new study has identified two phases of infection in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, revealing that the virus triggers an immune response and causes significant lung damage. The findings suggest that treatments targeting viral replication may only be effective in the early phase of infection.
UC San Diego researchers found that e-cigarette flavoring chemicals can damage lungs and affect immune system function. The study discovered irregular protein levels in saliva and airways of vapers compared to non-vapers, suggesting regular use of flavored e-cigarettes harms lung health.
Researchers developed a method using ultrasound imaging to score lung health, indicating patient outcomes. The tool predicted worsening COVID-19 cases with high accuracy, allowing physicians to prepare better care.
A new lung delivery system using phage particles has been developed to induce potent antibody responses in mice and non-human primates without causing lung damage.
Research reveals a direct relationship between insulin resistance and severe lung inflammation and scarring in people with pre-diabetes or diabetes. High ozone exposure may exacerbate pulmonary fibrosis, particularly in individuals with poorly controlled diabetes.
A large US study confirmed many COVID-19 complications, with pneumonia, respiratory failure, and sepsis being the most common. The study found that approximately 27% of patients developed serious conditions, while relatively low risks were associated with stroke and certain cardiovascular conditions.
A study published in eLife journal reveals that a specific strain of lung bacteria, Lactobacillus murinus, can inhibit the growth of pneumococcal pathogens and prevent colonization. The findings suggest that probiotics could be a potential treatment alternative to antibiotics for respiratory illnesses.
Scientists have developed a potential new antibiotic for Mycobacterium abscessus, a pathogen resistant to medications with cure rates less than 50%. The compound T405 demonstrated superior potency against the bacteria, as well as an ability to prevent resistance when combined with avibactam.
A digital stethoscope with artificial intelligence can accurately detect irregular lung sounds, making it easier to diagnose COVID-19 and other respiratory conditions. The device features noise suppression technology, allowing for clear body sounds without the need for training.
Researchers created a mouse model to study SARS-CoV-2's impact on organs beyond the lungs, revealing systemic damage and long-lasting changes. The study sheds light on the virus's ability to circulate through the bloodstream and affect vital organs.
Lung tissue analysis reveals MBD2 as a promising target for treating lung fibrosis, which is characterized by overexpression of this epigenetic regulator in areas occupied by macrophages. Inhibiting MBD2 may prove to be a safe way to treat the chronic and irreversible disease.
Researchers use human white blood cell membranes to carry drugs directly to infected lungs in mice, successfully treating bacterial growth and inflammation. The nano-sized drug delivery method shows promise for treating infectious diseases, including COVID-19.
Amali Samarasinghe, a researcher at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital and UTHSC, received the Charles and Amelia Gould Innovation Award to study eosinophils in asthma. The award aims to improve personalized approaches to therapy for children with asthma.
The study reveals that the SARS-CoV-2 virus rapidly causes damage to human lung cells by exploiting core resources and inducing abnormal changes in protein abundance and phosphorylation. The researchers also identified 18 pre-existing clinically approved drugs that can be potentially re-purposed for COVID-19 therapy.
A study found that people who cook with biomass fuels like wood are at risk of suffering considerable damage to their lungs due to breathing in dangerous concentrations of pollutants and bacterial toxins. The researchers also found a smaller subset of biomass users who had very high levels of air trapping and abnormal tissue mechanics.
A study by Radboud University Medical Center found that most lung tissue recovers well after COVID-19, with limited residual damage. Patients who were referred to the aftercare clinic showed poorer recovery rates compared to those admitted to the ICU.
Researchers from the University of Warwick developed a computational model predicting drug targets for SARS-CoV-2 by understanding host-based metabolic perturbations. The model highlights glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways as key targets, with potential connections to amino acid biosynthesis.
Researchers developed an animal-free method to predict nanoparticle toxicity, enabling safer industrial materials production and reducing environmental risks. The new approach identifies key cellular events triggering inflammation, allowing for high-throughput testing and connectable with in silico modeling.
A new AI algorithm, DeepCOVID-XR, has been developed to detect COVID-19 on chest X-ray images. It outperformed thoracic radiologists in accuracy and speed, analyzing images 10 times faster and with a 1-6% higher accuracy rate.
Researchers found T cell hyperactivation and paralysis in severe COVID-19 patients, leading to unbalanced immune response. This imbalance may cause severe pneumonia, highlighting potential new treatment targets.
Researchers used computer modeling to investigate the mechanisms behind silent hypoxia in COVID-19 patients. They found that a combination of biological factors, including damaged lung tissue, blood clotting, and air-to-blood flow mismatch, contribute to low oxygen levels. This understanding can inform treatment decisions for clinicians.
A new model of CF lungs using pig lungs and synthetic mucus shows that S. aureus aggregates in mucus, rather than invading lung tissue, sparking debate over antibiotic treatment. This discovery could lead to reduced use of antibiotics and improved treatment for MRSA infection in cystic fibrosis patients.
Researchers develop a new approach to treating lung metastasis by delivering chemokine CXCL10 via red blood cells, stimulating the immune system to attack tumors. Treatment with erythrocyte-anchored systemic immunotherapy (EASI) halts tumor growth and induces an immune response in mice.
Researchers at MUSC discover lysyl oxidase plays key roles in promoting fibrosis in scleroderma, and its levels can be used to monitor treatment response. The findings suggest LOX could be a promising biomarker for assessing fibrosis progression or regression.
A Vanderbilt University Medical Center study found that children are less likely to get infected or have severe symptoms due to lower levels of an enzyme called TMPRSS2. The research suggests that blocking this enzyme could potentially treat or prevent COVID-19 in older people.
A new study from the Chakrabarty lab found a strong linear association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and R0, which denotes the expected number of people each sick person can infect. The researchers also discovered that secondary inorganic components in PM2.5 increase the risk of COVID-19 transmission.
Cilia, tiny hairlike organelles, coordinate to push particles and fluid along, ensuring reproduction and defense against pathogens. Researchers identified mechanisms for effective cilia movement, which can inform diagnosis of diseases such as lung disease.
A study published in Cancer Discovery found that patients with advanced-stage lung cancer had greater enrichment of oral commensals in the lung than those with early-stage disease, leading to decreased survival. The presence of specific bacteria was associated with tumor progression and activation of inflammatory pathways.
Researchers have developed two novel targeted therapies to slow down or stop fibrosis progression in people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). These treatments aim to deliver potent drugs specifically to diseased cells, minimizing harm to healthy ones. The therapies will soon enter human clinical trials.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered that blocking OX40L and CD30L, two key immune molecules, is crucial to preventing asthma attacks. The study shows how these molecules contribute to inflammation in the lungs during an allergic reaction.
Researchers found that over half of e-cigarette users reported symptoms like cough and nausea, with those using flavored products and refillable devices more likely to experience severe symptoms. The study highlights the need for better understanding of e-cigarette risks among healthcare professionals and parents of youth.
Scientists from the University of Leeds monitored air quality during Bonfire Night events and found elevated concentrations of soot, which is around 100 times its normal level. The research highlights the potential health impacts of pollution on individuals with pre-existing health conditions.
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich have found a promising therapeutic approach against COPD by blocking lung epithelial cell death and triggering tissue regeneration. The novel treatment targets the lymphotoxin beta receptor signaling pathway, leading to improved lung function and reduced comorbidities.
Researchers found extensive lung damage and unique characteristics in COVID-19 patients, including fibrotic material and abnormal cell fusion. The study suggests the persistence of these 'abnormal cells' may explain long COVID symptoms like fatigue and shortness of breath.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 attacks red marrow, damaging endothelium and regulating cell migration. This can lead to loss of functional cells, organ failure, and increased risk of secondary infections. The study analyzed lung samples from 79 patients who died from COVID-19.
A recent study published in ERJ Open Research reveals that NYC firefighters and emergency medical workers were significantly more likely to contract COVID-19 during the pandemic. The research found that workers with declining lung health were at a higher risk of severe infection and death.
Researchers found that CTAs were accurate in diagnosing COVID-19 with 83% accuracy when combined with patient feedback and symptoms. The study also identified 30 of the 57 patients as positive for COVID-19, and 20 had suspicious pneumonia on their scans.
A study estimates that long-term exposure to air pollution increases COVID-19 deaths by 15% globally, with higher proportions found in Europe and East Asia. Air pollution exacerbates health outcomes by aggravating co-morbidities and causing inflammation, leading to increased vulnerability to COVID-19.