Articles tagged with Lungs
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers propose endotracheal aspirates as an attractive alternative to invasive bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia. The study revealed that ETA is functionally diverse and highly enriched in proteins involved in immunity, suggesting its potential to detect lung infection earlier and more accurately.
Researchers have generated a single-cell atlas of mouse innate lymphoid cells in the lung, discovering a pool of local progenitors that can generate mature ILC2s. The study reveals the complexity of ILC2 functions and their developmental relationships, shedding light on how they contribute to immune defense and inflammatory diseases.
A portable device has been created to mimic the placenta's oxygenation role for pre-term newborns in respiratory distress. The artificial lung uses a fine membrane to release carbon dioxide and uptake oxygen while protecting blood from infection, improving survival rates and reducing brain damage.
Scientists at Boston University's NEIDL and CReM developed living human lung cells from stem cells to study COVID-19's impact on the lungs. They found that NFkB pathway activation triggers deadly levels of lung inflammation, leading to a search for new therapeutics.
A study by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia researchers has identified a cellular pathway that can be targeted with a naturally occurring drug to stimulate lung tissue regeneration. The findings could lead to better therapies for patients with lung diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19.
Researchers found significant lung injury from e-cigarette devices with nickel-chromium alloy heating elements, even without nicotine or other additives. The switch in devices occurred when the team's original eC device went off market, revealing severe respiratory distress and lung lesions.
A new international study found that ECMO significantly improves survival rates for critically ill COVID-19 patients. The study analyzed data from over 200 hospitals worldwide and showed that ECMO can be a life-saving option for those who are failing ventilators and other care.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology report that protein TL1A drives fibrosis in several mouse models, triggering tissue remodeling and making it harder for lungs and airways to function normally. This discovery suggests potential targets for therapeutics aimed at reducing fibrosis and tissue remodeling.
A Mayo Clinic study reveals that lung transplant patients who receive antifungal preventive medications have a significantly lower risk of death within the first year posttransplant. The study analyzed data from 667 patients and found that mortality risk was about twice as high in those not receiving treatment.
A team of researchers at Boston University has found that SARS-CoV-2 initially suppresses the lung cells' ability to activate the immune system, triggering a deadly inflammatory pathway. This activation leads to an influx of immune cells and an increase in inflammation in the lungs.
Research from King's College London found COVID-19 can be diagnosed using emergency stroke scans. The scans capture lung images showing 'ground glass opacification,' which predicts increased mortality and informs PPE use, triage, and contact tracing.
Research suggests that conditions related to obesity, such as inflammation and leaky gut, leave lungs more susceptible to COVID-19. Additionally, high levels of ACE2 receptors in obese individuals can lead to a higher viral load, exacerbating disease severity.
The article reviews mechanisms linking obesity and diabetes to COVID-19 severity, suggesting that bacterial conditions work with the virus to increase disease severity. A combined deficiency in ACE2 caused by COVID-19 leads to impaired gut barrier function, allowing bacteria and toxins to leak into the circulation.
Researchers have developed an accelerated platform to identify and test potential treatments for early-stage lung cancer using 'organoids' created from lung cells. The studies revealed reduced expression of genes that are markers of mature lung alveolar cells, and increased expression of genes involved in early lung development.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have developed an experimental imaging agent called Galuminox that detects inflammation via positron-emission tomography (PET) scans. The agent has shown promise in imaging inflammation in the lungs of mice with acute lung injury, and its potential uses include cancer treatment an...
Researchers detected significant amounts of NETs in Covid-19 patients' lungs, contributing to severe disease complications. NET-targeting pharmacological approaches may improve patient conditions, while understanding the mechanisms behind these toxins is crucial for preventing further complications.
A team led by West Virginia University researcher Larissa Casaburi is developing an AI model that predicts COVID-19 patient outcomes based on factors such as lung conditions, smoking history, and coal mining. The model has the potential to provide more accurate diagnoses and tailor treatment plans to individual patients.
A new study reveals that autistic individuals are 1.5 to 4.3 times more likely to have chronic physical health conditions, including low blood pressure, arrhythmias, asthma, and prediabetes. Autistic females also face increased risks of these conditions, depending on their biological sex.
A study by researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center found that vaping and smoking are linked to an increased risk of COVID-19 in young people. The research team is investigating the role of ACE2 receptors in this connection, which may help identify vulnerable individuals who can be better monitored.
A study published in European Respiratory Journal found that COVID-19 patients developed pneumothorax at a 0.91% incidence rate. Survival rates were higher among younger patients, while older patients and those with acidosis had poorer outcomes.
Researchers followed 150 COVID-19 patients for six, 12, and 24 weeks to track lung and heart damage. Symptoms improved significantly between visits, with lung damage decreasing from 88% at six weeks to 56% at 12 weeks.
Researchers found that mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells were reduced in the blood of severe COVID-19 patients but increased in their airways. Highly activated MAIT and iNKT cells were associated with better outcomes, suggesting a beneficial role during severe COVID-19.
A study published in the European Respiratory Journal found that children with accelerated weight gain before age four have higher lung function at age seven, but also exhibit airflow limitation. The research suggests that early childhood growth patterns can be a useful tool for identifying respiratory health issues.
Research presented at the European Respiratory Society International Congress shows that babies exposed to levels of air pollution within EU standards develop poorer lung function as children and teenagers. Long-term exposure to air pollution is also linked to a higher risk of developing asthma in adults, according to a second study.
Researchers at UIC have discovered that blood vessel cells play a crucial role in programming macrophages to reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair. The study found that Rspondin3, a protein released by blood vessels, helps guide the programming of macrophages.
Researchers found that patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have lower fungal diversity in their lungs, leading to more severe disease outcomes. This is because fungi can activate and regulate the immune system, contributing to inflammation and organ failure.
A new study suggests that COVID-19 is causing significant dilation of the lung's blood vessels, contributing to low oxygen levels and unusual respiratory behavior. The dilation was detected using a non-invasive ultrasound technique, and its correlation with oxygen levels may help explain why some patients experience 'happy hypoxia.'
A new tool for diagnosing COVID-19 has been developed by LSU Health New Orleans, using 3D digital models created from CT scans of patients with severe respiratory symptoms. The tool allows clinicians to visualize the distribution of the virus in the lungs and may help identify false negatives in RT-PCR testing.
New research shows that nitrate improves diaphragm function by increasing power, which could help elderly individuals clear lungs more effectively. This finding is significant, especially in the context of COVID-19, as the diaphragm plays a crucial role in breathing and coughing.
A new study finds that oxygen therapy can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the lungs, contributing to lung injury. The researchers used mice and found that high concentrations of oxygen led to an increase in oxygen-tolerant bacteria, which are more likely to cause infections.
The WVU toxicologist aims to improve health and well-being in susceptible populations by studying the impact of air pollution on lung regeneration. He plans to identify adverse outcomes of carbon black and ground level ozone inhalation, and study mechanisms leading to lung injury and impairment of lung regeneration.
A team of researchers at McMaster University has discovered that the ACE2 receptor is present in very low levels in human lung tissue, suggesting alternative infection pathways. This finding challenges existing knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells and may lead to better diagnostic devices and treatment strategies.
A study published in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases identified a genetic variant associated with an increased risk of interstitial lung disease among Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patients. The variant, located in the RPA3 gene, is linked to fibrosis and triggers complications in RA patients.
A pre-clinical study led by Cincinnati Children's Hospital demonstrates that barasertib reverses fibroblast activation, stopping dangerous scar tissue build-up in lungs of IPF patients. The drug targets AURKB activity, slowing disease progress and improving lung function.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a synthetic inhibitor of coagulation factor XII that efficiently blocks blood clotting without causing bleeding side-effects. The inhibitor has high potency and selectivity, but its short retention time requires constant infusion to achieve sustained thrompobrotection.
The American Thoracic Society and its collaborators have developed new clinical practice guidelines for diagnosing hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a condition that manifests as interstitial lung disease. The guidelines aim to standardize clinical care and facilitate research by providing a framework for clinicians to make accurate diagno...
A randomized clinical trial using dornase alfa, a cystic fibrosis treatment, aims to reduce inflammation and mucus production in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The study's main goal is to monitor the number of patients alive and ventilator-free 28 days after treatment.
A two-year observational pilot study found that remote monitoring of post-operative lung transplant patients significantly reduced hospital stays and readmissions by 44% and 66%, respectively. The study also showed a significant reduction in hospital costs, with an average savings of $132,000 per patient per year.
Adult survivors of preterm birth may have impaired respiratory mechanics, making exercise and lung function more difficult. Researchers are studying the underlying causes to help clinicians accurately target treatment.
Dr. Yuan's research program expands to include COVID-19, exploring tissue-specific biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Her microvascular research has significantly advanced understanding of vascular barrier function and inflammation.
A recent study published in American Journal of Roentgenology found that lung ultrasound was highly sensitive for detecting COVID-19 abnormalities, with B-lines, thickened pleural line, and pulmonary consolidation being the most commonly observed features.
A study found that malaria drug chloroquine does not inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung cells, raising concerns about its potential use as a COVID-19 treatment. The research highlights the importance of using relevant cell lines in clinical trials to ensure effective treatments.
Researchers from the University of Seville have developed a system that uses deep learning to identify COVID-19 patients using lung X-ray images. The system achieves around 100% accuracy in identifying COVID-19 and can help reduce health professionals' workload by filtering out negative cases.
Researchers will test two existing drugs against SARS-CoV-2-infected mini lungs in a dish to find solutions for COVID-19. The grant aims to advance promising drug candidates and improve patient care.
Researchers found that CBD can help reduce cytokine storm and excessive lung inflammation caused by COVID-19. The study suggests that CBD may enable lungs to recover from damage, potentially reducing the need for mechanical ventilation.
Researchers at Lund University developed a novel surgical technique combining with smart nanoparticles to target lung tumors. The approach has shown promise in animal models, allowing for selective tumor targeting and reduced side effects.
A multidisciplinary team has developed a new technique to recover human lungs declined for transplant through cross-circulation between the human lung and a xenogeneic host. This breakthrough increases organ availability, saving lives of those waiting on the transplant list.
A multidisciplinary team from Columbia Engineering and Vanderbilt University has successfully recovered severely injured donor lungs using a cross-circulation platform. This method provides intrinsic biological repair mechanisms over long periods, enabling the recovery of lungs that cannot be saved by standard clinical EVLP.
Researchers have developed a radical non-invasive X-ray technology that can pinpoint localised areas of deficiency in lungs, improving diagnoses and treatments for cystic fibrosis. The technology, called X-ray velocimetry, measures airflow through the lungs during breathing cycles, enabling better assessment of lung function.
A groundbreaking study published in Science Advances has identified five unique cell types associated with lung fibrosis, including a pro-fibrotic epithelial cell that drives the disease. The research also reveals high plasticity in lung cells, allowing them to transform into different types under certain conditions.
PRRT is an approved treatment modality for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, particularly in midgut NETs. In Australia, PRRT is used more widely than previously thought, despite limited Phase III trial data for lung NETs.
The level and activity of von Willebrand factor (VWF) in the blood may predict COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Research suggests that increased VWF levels are associated with severe COVID-19 complications, including thrombosis and respiratory distress.
A new study by NYU Langone Health found that commercially available fireworks emit toxic metals such as lead, copper, and titanium, which can damage human cells and animal lungs. Exposure to these particles was also linked to increased oxidation in the body, a chemical process that can cause cell damage.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed an efficient new way to quickly analyze complex geometric models by using Monte Carlo methods. This approach eliminates the need to divide shapes into meshes, reducing errors and increasing computation speed.
A low-cost, easy-to-use emergency ventilator for COVID-19 patients has been developed at the University of California San Diego. The UCSD MADVent Mark V can be assembled in just 15 minutes and is designed to be safe and easy to use for healthcare workers with limited experience.
A new smartphone app uses voice recordings to detect fluid in the lungs of heart failure patients, allowing for early intervention and potentially preventing hospitalizations. The app requires a daily 30-second recording, which is compared to a personalized 'healthy' model to identify subtle changes.
Researchers developed tiny, decoy 'sponges' that attract and neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 virus, preventing it from replicating in lung cells. The nanotechnology could be adapted to combat other viruses like influenza or Ebola.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have developed a groundbreaking 3D printing technique that prints electronic sensors directly on organs expanding and contracting. This technology could aid in diagnosing and monitoring patients with COVID-19 by tracking lung movements.
Researchers have successfully used magnetic targeting to improve the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating silicosis. The study found that MSCs treated with magnets showed significant reductions in lung damage and improvements in pulmonary function compared to non-magnetized MSCs.
A new study in The American Journal of Pathology reports that gene expression analysis of lung explant tissue can accurately differentiate pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) from pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD). This molecular approach promises to facilitate clinical diagnostics and develop novel target-specific intervention...