Articles tagged with Ultraviolet Radiation
Scientists at NIST have confirmed that EUV photoresist sensitivity is twice the previously believed value. The finding raises concerns about optical system effectiveness in current demonstration tools. This discovery has significant implications for high-volume manufacturing processes in development.
Researchers have developed a technique to attach light-sensitive organic molecules to metal surfaces, enabling reversible switching between two configurations in response to different wavelengths of light. This technology has potential applications in molecular motors, artificial muscles, and molecular electronics.
Glowing films developed by UC San Diego chemists can quickly reveal trace amounts of nitrogen-based explosives, providing evidence in crime-solving. The technology uses fluorescent polymers that emit blue light under UV light, detecting minute amounts of explosives.
Astronomers have observed a rare 'normal' supernova for the first time at its moment of birth, thanks to NASA's Swift satellite. The discovery provides unique insights into how these massive star explosions occur, with the radiation pattern giving scientists the clearest picture ever.
A new study from the University of Minnesota has identified a key receptor molecule involved in the development of sun-induced skin cancer. Researchers found that UV light triggers this molecule to change state, allowing it to interact with cannabinoid compounds found in marijuana, leading to an increased risk of skin cancer.
The Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) will study the gamma-ray sky in unprecedented detail, revealing extreme astrophysical processes like pulsars and supermassive black holes. The mission aims to comprehend the origin and distribution of dark matter.
New techniques use optical probes to detect neural activity without labeling cells, while tiny laser arrays can detect chemicals and secure communications. Quantum key distribution and teleportation of quantized states enable secure information exchange.
A limited nuclear weapons exchange between Pakistan and India could create a near-global ozone hole, with mid-latitude ozone decreases reaching up to 40 percent. This would have huge effects on human health and ecosystems, with potential rises in cataracts, skin cancer, and damage to plants and animals.
Researchers have developed solutions to improve bamboo fabrics' durability and hygiene, making them more suitable for consumer products. The new treatments significantly reduce bacterial growth and increase UV protection, opening doors for eco-friendly clothing options.
Researchers developed a new optical method to detect individual neutrons with improved efficiency, promising better measurements and new physics tests. The Lyman alpha neutron detector (LAND) has the potential to detect both single and large numbers of neutrons.
The Large Binocular Telescope on Mount Graham achieved its first binocular light using twin side-by-side 8.4-meter primary mirrors, showcasing the telescope's power and clarity. The images reveal details of the spiral galaxy NGC 2770, including newly formed hot stars and older, cooler stars.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have discovered the mechanism behind the bright blue glow of fluorescent monoclonal antibodies, which could lead to the development of novel biosensors. The study found that a specific charge recombination between an electron hole and stilbene creates this effect.
Researchers at Purdue University have determined how airborne contaminants are created when chlorine reacts with sweat and urine in indoor swimming pools. By analyzing swimming pool water, they identified the presence of organic volatile disinfection byproducts, which pose health concerns.
A new study by Fox Chase Cancer Center reveals that most American adults engage in multiple behaviors increasing their exposure to UV rays, including infrequent sun protection and indoor tanning. The study found that younger adults, men, Caucasians, smokers, and those with fair skin are more likely to engage in these high-risk behaviors.
A team of researchers from Penn State, Naval Research Laboratory, and Smithsonian Institution used spectroscopic analysis to determine that all blue diamonds have a red phosphorescent component. This unique property allows for the identification of individual blue diamonds, distinguishing them from synthetic or altered stones.
A University of Cincinnati researcher, Dionysios Dionysiou, received a $698,689 EPA grant to investigate processes used to purify drinking water and remove cyanobacterial toxins. The research aims to develop cost-efficient technologies to treat water contaminated by such toxins.
Researchers at MIT have developed a method to create three-dimensional microparticles using ultraviolet light, offering unprecedented control over size, shape, and texture. The particles can be designed with specific chemical properties, such as porosity, making them suitable for use in medical diagnostics and tissue engineering.
A Swiss research team used soft condensed matter physics techniques to demonstrate the importance of a finely tuned balance between attractions and repulsions in maintaining lens transparency. The study found that even small changes in this balance can lead to protein aggregation, resulting in cataract formation.
Researchers found that inositol and IP6 protected human skin cells from UVB radiation damage and increased the potency of radiation therapy against cancer cells. The antioxidants may also offer protection against accidents or incidents involving nuclear material, such as dirty bombs.
Scientists at Newcastle University have developed a technology using UV light to activate antibodies specifically targeting tumour cells. The cloaked antibodies can be used alone or in combination with existing antibodies, minimizing side effects and maximizing destruction of tumours.
Researchers discovered that ultraviolet lasers interact with living tissue differently than previously thought, with varying effects on wavelength and pulse duration. The study found that shorter wavelength lasers can cut more precisely and produce less collateral damage than mid-infrared lasers.
A team of Johns Hopkins scientists found that topical application of broccoli sprout-derived extract can protect human skin against UV radiation-induced damage. The extract works by boosting protective enzymes in cells, providing long-lasting protection even after the extract is removed from the skin.
Researchers have discovered an ancient light-sensitive gene, known as a cryptochrome, that appears to act as a trigger for the annual mass spawning of corals across Australia's Great Barrier Reef shortly after a full moon. The Cry2 gene, stimulated by faint blue light, plays a central role in triggering the event.
Researchers at UVA Health System discovered how cells protect themselves from DNA damage caused by UV rays, involving an unexpected connection between proteins. The study reveals part of a pathway inside human cells that regulates when and how cells repair damage to their DNA.
By placing quantum dots on a specially designed photonic crystal, researchers enhanced fluorescence intensity by up to 108 times. This breakthrough could lead to high-brightness light-emitting diodes, optical switches and biosensors for detecting DNA and other biomolecules.
Scientists have developed a technique to generate light and reduce damage in extreme ultraviolet lithography by adding a lighter gas to the plasma. This reduces the number and energy of xenon ions reaching the collector surface, extending its lifetime while maintaining minimal impact on light production.
Researchers have developed a nanowire coating on titanium that enhances muscle tissue adhesion for hip replacements and dental reconstructions. The material can also be easily sterilized using UV light or ethanol, making it suitable for hospital settings and food processing plants.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have found that visible wavelengths of light cause taste and odor changes in food. The team is developing new packaging materials that can protect food from UV light damage, which can degrade nutrients and alter flavor profiles.
A survey of 369 Florida high school students found that white Hispanic teens were more likely to use tanning beds and less likely to protect themselves from the sun, compared to their white non-Hispanic peers. White Hispanics have a lower rate of skin cancer but are often diagnosed at a later stage, suggesting differences in knowledge ...
An international team of astronomers has discovered a new type of active galaxy that was previously overlooked due to its heavy shrouding in gas and dust. The newly found galaxies are thought to comprise around 20% of the X-ray background, providing insight into supermassive black holes and their role in controlling galaxy formation.
A new study reveals how a fungus uses its circadian clock to control carotenoid production, protecting against sun damage. The discovery may also shed light on the regulation of human sleep cycles.
Researchers discovered that caspase-14 plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin's balance of moisture and protecting against UVB radiation. The protein helps to regulate the processing of a key protein involved in skin structure, which can explain dehydration.
The American Academy of Dermatology surveyed 32 US metropolitan regions to identify the most and least sun-smart cities. Washington, D.C. and New York City topped the list, while Chicago was ranked as the least sun-smart city due to low knowledge and attitudes towards tanning and sun protection.
A comprehensive review suggests that wearing protective clothing is a more effective way to prevent skin cancer and sun damage than relying on sunscreen. The review highlights the characteristics of clothing that can provide optimal protection, including tightly woven fabrics like denim and wool.
Researchers at UC-San Diego have discovered that nanowire photodetectors can achieve single-photon sensitivity, making them highly sensitive to light detection. The unique geometry of nanowires traps holes, increasing the time electrons travel down the wire and triggering an increase in current.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have discovered the structural basis for photoswitching in fluorescent proteins, allowing for control over light emission. The study revealed that inserting a single oxygen atom can delay the switch-on time from five minutes to 65 hours, enabling more precise studies within cells.
Researchers discovered a key gene, NALP1, associated with vitiligo and other autoimmune diseases. The gene controls the innate immune system and may help trigger these conditions.
Researchers propose a novel method using ultraviolet light and titanium dioxide to cut proteins into manageable pieces for analysis. This technique offers advantages over conventional enzyme-based methods, including reduced sensitivity to temperature and acidity, ease of incorporation, and long-lasting material durability.
The Virginia Tech chemistry research group has developed a new molecular complex that harnesses solar energy to produce hydrogen from water. The supramolecule combines three parts: a light absorber, an electron reservoir, and a catalyst to split water into hydrogen.
Researchers have developed smart glasses with electrochromic materials that can change transparency and color using minimal power. The prototype lenses offer endless options on one accessory, improving depth perception and contrast, and avoiding drawbacks of existing photochromic lenses.
Researchers have developed new two-photon absorbing molecules that enable the creation of polymer features as small as 65 nanometers wide using simplified lithography techniques. This breakthrough reduces the cost and complexity of fabricating nanoscale electronic and photonic devices.
Scientists have developed a pair of molecular-scale scissors that can be manipulated by light, allowing for precise control over proteins and biological molecules. The technology has the potential to revolutionize gene manipulation and drug delivery, with practical applications still several years away.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have discovered a cellular mechanism that regulates DNA replication after exposure to UV radiation, potentially offering new protection against skin cancer. The study identified two proteins, Timeless and Tipin, which form a complex to slow down DNA replication in response to damage.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that protein p53 prompts skin to tan in response to ultraviolet light, deterring melanoma skin cancer. This process may also underlie people's desire for sunshine and is linked to stress response in the body.
Scientists have developed a light-activated compound that can silence brain activity when exposed to light, potentially helping treat epilepsy. The compound, called NBD-steroid, works by activating the same receptor used by many anesthetics and tranquilizers, making it harder for brain cells to respond to stimulation.
Researchers have created a material with a refractive index of 1.05, making it an ideal building block for anti-reflection coatings. The new coating could lead to more efficient solar cells, brighter LEDs, and smarter lighting systems by controlling light properties.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered that the most common chemical reaction causing sunburn is triggered by a very short-lived excited state of DNA, contradicting previous beliefs. This finding has significant implications for understanding how UV damage leads to skin cancer and other diseases.
Researchers at Weizmann Institute create ultra-miniaturized keypad locking mechanism using fluorescent probes and iron ions. They achieve distinguishable outputs by controlling the logic gate within a reaction time frame.
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory have successfully generated extremely short light pulses using a new technique that could be used in the next generation of light source facilities. The team observed superradiance, a phenomenon where light intensity grows as it interacts with an electron beam.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered a new high-energy state in DNA that helps dissipate UV energy. The 'dark state', which can last for 10-150 picoseconds, is found in single nucleotides and dissolves energy through 10-50% of the time. This discovery may provide insights into DNA damage and repair mechanisms.
A study by Cornell and US Military Academy researchers found that waste and drinking water treatments, including UV radiation and bacterial digesters, can eliminate avian flu viruses. H5N2, a low-pathogenic virus similar to deadly H5N1, was inactivated at levels within industry standards.
A study of marathon runners found that those who ran longer distances and wore inadequate clothing during training were more likely to develop skin cancer. The authors advise runners to reduce UV exposure by choosing low-sun schedules, wearing adequate clothing, and regularly using water-resistant sunscreens.
Researchers aim to create a topical cream that increases skin pigmentation and repairs DNA damage caused by UV radiation, reducing skin cancer risk. The project builds on previous findings that alpha-MSH can reverse the effects of UV radiation on skin cells.
Researchers at UC Berkeley and LBNL have developed light-sensitive switches that can trigger chemical reactions, muscle contractions, and nerve cell stimulation. The goal is to equip retina cells with these switches to restore light sensitivity in people with macular degeneration.
Researchers have found that measured doses of ultraviolet light can significantly reduce the development of asthma-like symptoms in mice. Exposure to UV light before allergen exposure also produces a cell type that can prevent some asthma symptoms when transferred into other mice.
Researchers at the University of Central Florida have successfully demonstrated an extreme ultraviolet light source with 30 times the power of previous attempts. This breakthrough has significant implications for the next generation of computer chip production, as EUV light sources are critical components in stepper machines used to pr...
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute developed a way to protect fair-skinned individuals from skin cancer using medicinally-induced tans. The study, published in Nature, involved applying a cream that mimicked the process of ultraviolet rays triggering pigmentation, suggesting a novel approach to preventing melanoma.
Scientists have developed a new technique to detect uranium in contaminated soil by freezing the sample and blasting it with an ultraviolet laser. This method, known as cryogenic fluorescence spectroscopy, allows for sharper resolution of spectral fingerprints and detection of different forms of uranium.
A new compound in the diarylethene family is synthesized and produces a microcrystalline film that becomes super-water-repellent when exposed to UV light, and returns to its original state with visible light. The material's surface undergoes changes in molecular structure, leading to reversible formation of microfibrils.
Researchers attribute ozone recovery to the Montreal Protocol and changes in atmospheric transport dynamics. Ozone levels have stopped decreasing in one region and are increasing in another in the stratosphere above mid-latitudes.