Articles tagged with Conflicts Of Interest
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study analyzed the association between hearing loss and level of physical activity among U.S. adults aged 60 to 69. The findings suggest a significant positive correlation, indicating that lower levels of physical activity may be associated with an increased risk of hearing loss in older adults.
The study assessed filtration efficiency of common masks when worn singly, doubled, or combined. It found that double masking can be an effective way to reduce airborne transmission of COVID-19.
During the first seven months of the COVID-19 pandemic, Ohio saw a significant increase in drug overdose mortality. The study found that fentanyl and heroin were the most common causes of overdose deaths among young adults.
Several organizations producing clinical practice guidelines have insufficient conflict-of-interest policies, which can compromise the validity and reliability of these guidelines. These findings highlight the need for improved governance and oversight to ensure the integrity of clinical practice guidelines.
A recent study investigates the association between eczema severity and risk of learning disabilities in children. The study found a significant link between the two, highlighting the importance of addressing eczema in pediatric care.
Researchers investigated prenatal opioid exposure and its impact on infant mortality, discovering a significant association between the two. Infants exposed to opioids in utero are at higher risk of death, with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome also increasing mortality rates.
A survey study examined changes in diet quality among US children and adults from 2003 to 2018. The analysis found that diet quality declined significantly over the 15-year period, with important consequences for public health.
This study compared clinical outcomes of surgical patients with COVID-19 to those without, using data from a national database. The results showed differences in postoperative in-hospital morbidity and mortality between the two groups.
A modeling study estimates COVID-19-related changes in colorectal cancer screenings and associated outcomes. Expanded fecal immunochemical testing may help mitigate these outcomes during the pandemic.
Out-of-pocket health care expenses in the United States rose significantly between 2000 and 2020, according to a new study. The researchers analyzed changes in healthcare spending over two decades and found that out-of-pocket expenses increased by approximately 50%.
A survey study examines US adults' beliefs on who should be prioritized for access to COVID-19 vaccines. The study found that some groups, including young children and individuals with underlying health conditions, are more likely to be prioritized over others.
A recent study examines potential associations between COVID-19 vaccinations and functional neurological disorder, a condition characterized by symptoms similar to those experienced during a neurologic event. The researchers aim to better understand the relationships between vaccination and neurological side effects.
Researchers project the most common and deadly cancers in the US by 2040, with breast cancer expected to remain top type. The study also highlights an increasing trend of cancers affecting younger populations, such as thyroid and testicular cancers.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found that transgender children and teens experience significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression compared to their cisgender peers. The research highlights the need for better mental health support services for this vulnerable population.
A study of 3.4 million live births in 2018 found that criminalizing immigrant policies were associated with higher preterm birth rates for Black women born outside the US, while inclusive policies were linked to lower preterm birth rates for all women born outside the US and particularly White women outside the US.
A recent study has quantified the association of race/ethnicity, sex, income, and state-specific lockdown measures with six well-being dimensions in the United States. The research highlights disparities in well-being among different groups, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address these inequalities.
A new model has been developed to estimate the risk of SARS-CoV-2-related death among patients in the Veterans Affairs health care system, enabling healthcare professionals to prioritize vaccination strategies.
The study describes clinical characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including age range and symptom severity. Key findings highlight the importance of early detection and effective management to prevent long-term consequences.
Researchers estimated that COVID-19 death of a parent affects approximately 18 million US children. The study used data from the National Vital Statistics System to project the number of affected children.
A large health system study found a significant association between SARS-CoV-2 testing and an increased incidence of outpatient and hospital-associated blood clots in adults. The 30-day risk was higher for women and individuals with certain underlying medical conditions.
A clinical risk assessment tool was tested on Spanish patients to predict critical illness among those hospitalized with COVID-19. The study found that the tool accurately identified high-risk patients, highlighting its potential for early intervention.
A survey study examined the effects of COVID-19 on healthcare employees' careers, productivity, childcare needs, and likelihood of leaving the workforce. The study found that many employees experienced burnout, reduced productivity, and increased childcare responsibilities.
A nationally representative US study found increasing blood pressure levels among children and teens over the past 20 years, with significant rises in systolic and diastolic pressures. The study's findings highlight growing concerns about childhood hypertension, emphasizing the need for preventive measures.
This study assesses dermatologists' perceptions of and experiences with teledermatology in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Dermatologists express varying opinions on teledermatology's long-term viability, citing concerns about parity in reimbursements between video and in-person visits.
A recent study found that perception of COVID-19 risk was associated with underlying health conditions. The study also showed a link between perceived infection chances and protective behavior, highlighting the importance of individual responses to mitigate complications from the virus.
Researchers analyzed data to estimate COVID-19 case numbers associated with school reopenings or closures and various community-based interventions. The findings suggest that these interventions may impact new and cumulative case numbers.
A comparative effectiveness study investigates COVID-19's association with radiation therapy benefits and risks in simulated patients. The study found that standard radiation therapy may increase mortality risk among COVID-19 patients.
A recent study published in JAMA Network explores how COVID-19 affects the brain, highlighting potential mechanisms behind brain dysfunction. The research suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause inflammation and damage to specific brain regions.
A comparative effectiveness research study assessed remdesivir's association with time to clinical improvement or death in hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. The study found that remdesivir administered alone or with corticosteroids improved clinical outcomes.
A significant number of older adults in the US lack necessary equipment to assist with bathing and toileting. The study estimates that many adults struggle without this support, highlighting a pressing public health concern.
A new study evaluates the economic impact of gene therapy on severe sickle cell disease, suggesting substantial costs and potential cost savings for Medicaid programs. The analysis estimates a high prevalence of sickle cell disease among these programs, which may affect treatment affordability.
A study examined COVID-19 outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis, finding that certain patient characteristics are linked to worse outcomes. The analysis revealed associations between disease severity and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk factors.
A cancer oncologist reflects on advising patients with cancer about travel during the pandemic. The author considers the importance of weighing the potential benefits of travel against the increased risk of complications.
A recent study found a higher seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the US adult asymptomatic population than previously estimated based on public health case reporting. The study suggests that the actual number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the US may be substantially higher.
Researchers analyzed Tennessee birth records from 2015 to 2020, finding a significant association between COVID-19 statewide stay-at-home orders and increased preterm birth rates. The study suggests that the economic disruption caused by the pandemic may have contributed to the rise in preterm births.
Researchers investigated acute COVID-19 symptoms and depressive symptoms in adults, finding a significant association between the two. The study suggests that individuals experiencing acute COVID-19 symptoms may be at increased risk of developing depressive symptoms.
A recent study analyzed national claims data to examine changes in well-child care visits with out-of-pocket costs before and after the Affordable Care Act. The research found that passage of the ACA led to a significant increase in well-child visits, likely due to increased health insurance coverage.
A study of COVID-19 face mask use in public places in China found that most people used masks but had compromised protection due to poor fit. Sealing the upper edge of the face mask with an adhesive tape strip substantially improved its airtightness.
Researchers assessed stigma levels among people with varying degrees of hair loss, revealing a significant impact on mental health and self-perception. The study found that those with noticeable hair loss reported feelings of shame and low self-confidence, highlighting the need for increased awareness and support.
A study of orthodox Jewish adults in the US found early parallel outbreaks in culturally linked communities before government directives. The research highlights sociocultural factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 spread.
Researchers analyzed traffic volume and motor vehicle crash injuries before, during, and after COVID-19-related state-of-emergency orders. The study found a significant decrease in accidents and injuries following the implementation of social distancing policies.
Researchers found that increased anti-immigrant rhetoric during the 2016 presidential campaign led to a significant increase in healthcare services usage among undocumented patients. The study suggests that this association may be attributed to decreased trust and increased stress related to immigration policies.
A study examined COVID-19 hospitalization outcomes and mortality rates among US adults, analyzing changes over the initial six months of the pandemic. The results revealed significant changes in mortality rates, with a notable decline in the later stages of the pandemic.
Vitreoretinal surgical procedures in the US experienced a significant decline during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a notable decrease in laser and cryotherapy use. The study, which analyzed over 526,000 procedures across 17 institutions, found that this reduction lasted for at least 2 months after mid-March last year.
A randomized clinical trial found that American Indian and Alaska Native adults with alcohol dependence responded positively to incentives for abstinence. The study examined the effectiveness of incentives offered for laboratory-confirmed abstinence from alcohol among participants diagnosed with alcohol dependence.
The study found that alcohol withdrawal rates among hospitalized patients with alcohol use disorder significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers examined hospitalization data to determine if there was an association between COVID-19 and changes in alcohol withdrawal rates.
Researchers assessed at what age young people aged 12 to 17 started using cigarettes. The study found that most young people begin smoking between ages 14 and 16.
A pooled analysis of five studies reveals significant differences in cognitive decline between men and women, with women experiencing a more rapid decline. The study suggests that women's brains may be more susceptible to age-related cognitive changes, with potential implications for gender-specific interventions.
A randomized clinical trial examines the effectiveness of subcutaneous semaglutide as an adjunct to intensive behavioral therapy for weight management. Semaglutide was found to lead to greater weight loss and improved body mass index compared to placebo in adults with overweight or obesity.
Children and adolescents exposed to tobacco smoke or living with a smoker may be at higher risk of elevated blood pressure. Researchers found a significant association between tobacco exposure and increased blood pressure in children.
Researchers analyzed persistent COVID-19 symptoms in adults for up to nine months after illness onset, finding that these symptoms can significantly impact daily life. The study suggests that ongoing health issues and limitations may persist even after the initial illness has resolved.
The study found that schools with armed guards had lower average injury rates and fewer severe injuries compared to those without armed guards. Armed guard presence was also associated with a decrease in the use of firearms during school shootings.
A study examined posttraumatic stress symptoms in children and adolescents exposed to major US hurricanes. The results found a significant association between exposure to natural disasters and the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms.
Researchers found that high-dose zinc and ascorbic acid supplementation did not significantly impact symptom length or reduction among ambulatory patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study suggests that treatment with these supplements may be ineffective against the virus.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the progress of achieving gender balance in academic oncology. Disruptions to research and education have hindered the advancement of this specialty, particularly for women. The article proposes potential solutions to counteract these negative effects.
The study found significant racial and ethnic differences in deceased organ donation rates, with African Americans having lower rates of registration and procurement compared to whites. Additionally, the researchers identified a growing disparity between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white donors.
An observational study found racial differences in COVID-19 deaths among US nursing home residents, with disparities attributed to factors like racial composition and socioeconomic status. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to address these disparities and improve health outcomes for vulnerable populations.
Researchers examined testing alignment to epidemic intensity in Massachusetts, highlighting disparities in resource allocation. The study found that testing was concentrated in high-income areas, exacerbating health inequities.
A recent study examined SARS-CoV-2 infection rates among migrant workers in Singapore. The findings suggest that the virus is widespread among this population, highlighting concerns about workforce health and safety.
A 97-year-old patient learns to titrate condensed chicken soup like a medicine, improving their condition. The study shows that outpatient dietary management can effectively manage electrolyte disorders during COVID-19.