Articles tagged with Conflicts Of Interest
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A French study reports that erosion of family-centered care practices significantly affected experiences of patients' family members who died from severe COVID-19. The qualitative research highlights the need for compassion and support in ICU settings.
Researchers analyzed 2.9 million households and found small, informal gatherings like birthdays contribute to SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Children's birthday parties are a potentially significant source of COVID-19 spread.
Researchers from the University General Hospital in Valencia, Spain, analyzed the local transmission pattern of SARS-CoV-2. The study found that the virus was mainly spread through human-to-human contact, with cases primarily reported in urban areas.
Researchers estimated survival and outcomes of very preterm infants in China discharged from neonatal intensive care units compared to those receiving full treatment. Discharge against medical advice was associated with higher mortality rates among these vulnerable infants.
A recent study found that adults with early-onset colorectal cancer (diagnosed before age 50) have significantly better survival rates than those diagnosed later in life. The research used data from the National Cancer Database and found a significant difference in survival rates between the two groups.
A study found that a two-year Philadelphia sweetened beverage tax was associated with sustained changes in beverage prices, leading to lower purchases of sweetened beverages and high-sugar foods. The tax resulted in increased prices for these products, which in turn reduced consumption.
A recent study examines differences in suicidal thoughts and nonfatal suicide attempts among US adolescents over the last three decades. The research highlights varying rates of suicidal ideation and behavior across different racial and ethnic groups.
A recent survey study found a significant association between COVID-19 and self-reported symptoms of depression among adults. The study compared features of major depression in people with or without prior COVID-19 illness.
Researchers found associations between Medicare Advantage star ratings and disparities in care for racial/ethnic minorities and lower-income enrollees. The study suggests that star ratings may not accurately reflect the quality of care provided to these populations.
This study examines the association of anticoagulation treatment with mortality rates in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, finding a significant link between anticoagulation and increased mortality. The study's findings suggest that anticoagulation therapy may not be beneficial for patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
A new study by Stanford University researchers reports that international medical graduates are disproportionately affected by COVID-19-related deaths in the US. The study found that these physicians were more likely to contract and die from the virus due to factors such as underemployment and lack of resources.
A recent US study estimated the incidence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children among people with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study found a significant association between MIS-C and severe COVID-19, highlighting the need for vigilance and prompt medical attention.
A study of 543 individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities found that COVID-19 outcomes were poorer in those receiving residential services. The risk factors associated with these outcomes include lack of access to vaccination, inadequate healthcare, and social isolation.
Researchers analyzed Facebook conversations to explore automated misinformation about face masks and COVID-19. The study found that Facebook's automated software spread false information on public groups, highlighting the need for fact-checking measures.
Researchers investigated the effect of real-time continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control among patients with insulin-treated diabetes. The study found that this technology improved blood sugar control, allowing for more effective management of the condition.
A survey study found associations between having a family member incarcerated and decreased well-being and life expectancy among US adults. The study also identified other factors that contribute to these negative effects on well-being and life expectancy.
A study published in JAMA Internal Medicine reveals worsening socioeconomic disparities in respiratory health in the US over the past six decades. The researchers found that individuals from lower-income backgrounds are more likely to experience respiratory problems and have poorer lung function.
A recent investigation by The BMJ found that vaccine advisory committees in the US and UK have different disclosure standards, leaving the public uncertain about experts' industry ties. Experts on these committees rarely disclose conflicts of interest, despite significant financial payments from pharmaceutical companies.
Researchers measured opioid-related mortality in Ontario, Canada during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found a significant increase in fatal opioid overdoses, highlighting the need for enhanced healthcare responses to address this growing crisis.
This study investigated the relationship between bitter taste receptors and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, finding that supertasters experienced more severe symptoms than tasters and nontasters. The research suggests that bitter taste perception may be linked to individual differences in immune response and disease severity.
A study examining COVID-19 severity found associations between circulating sex hormones and disease outcomes in patients, highlighting the need for further research on hormonal factors. The investigation, published in JAMA Network Open, suggests that hormonal imbalances may contribute to varying levels of disease severity.
A randomized clinical trial examined the association between tocilizumab treatment and C-reactive protein levels in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The study found a positive correlation between tocilizumab treatment and improved survival rates for patients with high C-reactive protein levels.
Under Oregon's reproductive health equity act, coverage for family planning services, including abortion and contraception, was ensured for all low-income state residents regardless of citizenship status. The first two years of covered services showed reduced travel distances for women seeking care.
An observational study of over 1,000 middle-aged women without celiac disease found no link between gluten consumption and cognitive decline. The study suggests that the relationship between gluten and cognitive function is more complex than previously thought.
Patients from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas had lower long-term survival rates compared to those from more affluent areas. The study found a significant association between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular outcomes in young adults with early-onset heart attacks.
A study of US consumer views on utilizing digital information for COVID-19 control found varying levels of acceptance based on several factors. The research identified key factors associated with higher or lower approval of using this information.
This study describes clinical characteristics and outcomes of adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Key findings include the prevalence of comorbidities and predictors of severe disease.
A study examining racial and ethnic representation among academic medicine departmental chairs found that people of color comprised just 3% of the positions between 1980 and 2019. The research, published in JAMA Network Open, highlights a persistent diversity gap in academic leadership.
US patients with ischemic stroke experienced changes in hospital discharge rates and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open. The study found that hospitalization rates for ischemic stroke decreased significantly before the pandemic, but increased again after vaccination efforts began.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open analyzed advertisements on popular made-for-kids YouTube channels and found that age-inappropriate content is prevalent. The researchers also examined the frequency of such ads, highlighting concerns about children's exposure to mature material.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, rates of preterm birth and stillbirth increased in Ontario, Canada. The study found that the surge in maternal anxiety and stress during the pandemic contributed to these adverse outcomes.
Researchers analyzed registry data to examine the characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe sunburns in Australia and New Zealand. The study found a higher risk of complications and mortality among these patients, highlighting the need for improved prevention and treatment strategies.
Researchers analyzed overdose deaths before and after the initial COVID-19 shelter-in-place order to identify potential changes in fatal overdose patterns. The study found that certain characteristics of fatal overdoses did change during this time, which could inform future prevention efforts.
A study published in JAMA Dermatology reports delayed localized injection-site reactions to the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine in 16 patients. The authors highlight this finding as a potential side effect of the vaccine, emphasizing the importance of monitoring for such reactions.
A global observational study reveals that COVID-19 patients hospitalized globally exhibit a significant prevalence of neurological manifestations, often associated with higher in-hospital death rates. The findings underscore the importance of considering neurological complications in COVID-19 patients worldwide.
Healthcare workers who received the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine had lower incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. The study found a significant association between vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine and reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare workers.
Researchers found that COVID-19 patients enrolled in home monitoring programs had significantly lower healthcare use compared to those not enrolled. This suggests that home monitoring can help reduce unnecessary healthcare utilization, improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.
The study analyzed changes in Medicaid enrollment for all 50 states and the District of Columbia during the first nine months of last year during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medicaid enrollment increased by 22% compared to the previous year, with a significant increase in new enrollments, totaling 5.4 million.
The study examines changes in adolescents' e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol use as well as physical activity behaviors following the COVID-19 stay-at-home order. Researchers found significant increases in substance use and decreases in physical activity among California adolescents during this time.
Households were the primary route of transmission for COVID-19 among children and youths in Hong Kong. The study found that schools were not the main source of infection during outbreaks. Researchers identified key clinical characteristics and transmission patterns to inform public health strategies.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant increase in child abuse hotline inquiries was observed, with a notable rise in calls from previously unscreened individuals. The study suggests that this shift may be attributed to increased isolation and reduced supervision among children.
A study of registry patients in the US evaluated changes in COVID-19 in-hospital mortality rates over time, identifying associations with patient characteristics such as age and underlying health conditions. The analysis aimed to understand the factors influencing mortality rates during the pandemic.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found an association between county-level income inequality and COVID-19 cases and deaths in the US. The researchers analyzed data from 30 states and found that areas with higher income inequality had more COVID-19 cases and deaths.
Researchers found that physicians are more likely to experience delayed childbearing than non-physician healthcare workers. This disparity highlights a significant gap in reproductive health outcomes between these two groups of healthcare professionals.
The study estimates the SwissCOVID digital contact tracing app's performance using a simulation model, providing insights into the effectiveness of the system. The simulation reveals that the app can efficiently identify individuals at risk of infection and notify them accordingly.
This study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic affected general surgical residents' operative experiences, finding that year of training and case complexity influenced their experiences. The research provides insights into factors contributing to the challenges faced by residents during this period.
A survey study examines the associations of school closure and COVID-19-related stressors with caregivers' perceptions of their children's mental well-being. Caregivers reported increased concerns about their children's psychological health during the pandemic.
Researchers investigated whether spending a year in space was associated with worsening eye changes. The study found that spaceflight led to structural changes in the eye, which can potentially affect vision.
A Swedish study of over 100,000 children found that early antibiotic exposure before birth and during the first year of life increases the risk of developing eczema. The research suggests a potential long-term consequence of antibiotic use on childhood skin health.
A recent study published in JAMA Surgery explores the association between gender-affirming surgeries and mental health outcomes. The research suggests that undergoing these procedures can lead to significant improvements in symptoms of depression and anxiety, with participants experiencing reduced stress and improved overall well-being.
The study estimates that only about 24% of young adults aged 18 to 21 in the United States have been fully vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV). The low vaccination rate is a cause for concern given the significant health risks associated with HPV infection, including cervical cancer and other types of cancer.
A recent study examined the association between age at diabetes onset and subsequent dementia risk. The research found that younger individuals with type 2 diabetes were more likely to develop dementia compared to those who developed diabetes at an older age.
Researchers evaluated SARS-CoV-2 variants and virus groupings in relation to disease severity. The study found notable associations between specific variants and more severe patient outcomes.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open explores the link between preeclampsia during pregnancy and increased risk of stroke in later life. The research suggests that women with a history of preeclampsia may be at higher risk for stroke, highlighting the importance of monitoring and managing this condition.
A study found that maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with poorer health outcomes in perinatally exposed newborns. The study examined test result positivity rates and health outcomes among mothers infected during pregnancy or childbirth.
A simulation modeling study estimates the benefits of identifying silent COVID-19 infections among children as a proxy for their vaccination. The study suggests that vaccination can significantly reduce future infection rates in this population.
A study evaluates the impact of COVID-19 infection on cardiac corrected QT interval changes, finding alterations in both patients with and without the infection. The research suggests that early phase treatment for COVID-19 may lead to significant cardiac changes.
A recent study analyzed claims data to examine opioid use among adolescents and young adults who received their first opioid prescription. The study found that a significant proportion of this population developed opioid use disorder within three years.
A case series reports acute ischemic stroke incidence in male patients aged 50 years or younger during the convalescent phase of COVID-19. Risk factors and features of the stroke are also discussed in detail.
Researchers investigated the association of clinician burnout with clinician type, sex, work culture and use of electronic health records. The study found that burnout is more prevalent among certain types of clinicians and in work cultures with heavy reliance on technology.