Researchers identified a link between cognitive deficits and lesions in areas processing emotions, suggesting a third category of knowledge representation for social groups. This discovery highlights the close relationship between social relations and emotional processing in the human brain.
Researchers have developed micelle sequestrant polymers that capture fat particles in the intestines, preventing their absorption and excretion. This breakthrough could lead to a safe and effective anti-obesity drug with long-term benefits.
Researchers have detected lithium in material ejected by a nova, resolving a long-standing puzzle about its abundance in young stars. The finding sheds light on the chemical evolution of the Milky Way and could inform models of the Big Bang.
A breakthrough discovery has been made in developing a vaccine for middle ear infections by identifying the molecular switch that controls a 'chameleon' bacteria. Researchers have found that this switch allows Haemophilus influenzae to adapt and evade the immune system, making it difficult to develop an effective vaccine.
Researchers from the University of Kent have developed an automated data mining system that can mimic human expert classification of potentially illegal elephant ivory with high accuracy. The system has shown a 93% accuracy rate and is expected to significantly increase the detection of illegal ivory sales on eBay.
A Japanese study of over 4,000 people found that those consuming the most salt had a higher risk of developing high blood pressure. Participants who gradually increased their sodium intake also showed gradual increases in blood pressure.
Researchers at Northeastern University discovered that a specific mutation in the hipA gene leads to persistent E. coli cells in patients with relapsing urinary tract infections, paving the way for customized treatment regimens.
A recent comparative genomic study found that specific olfactory receptor genes correlate with ecological niches and behaviors in birds. Specialized skills, such as those in birds of prey or aquatic birds, were mirrored by genetic diversity of their OR gene families.
A recent study suggests that dense star clusters in the universe could be 'factories' of binary black holes. Researchers predict that advanced observatories will detect over 100 merging black holes per year from these clusters.
Researchers found that mild hypothermia in deceased organ donors significantly reduces delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients by nearly 40%. This intervention could lead to an increase in the availability of kidneys for transplant and improve patient outcomes.
Researchers used a new technology to study gene activity in living people, finding that women and men use different switches to turn on many immune system genes. The difference in activity might explain the higher incidence of autoimmune diseases in women.
Bioethicists call for an end to 'pay-to-play' clinical research, arguing it compromises the integrity of studies. This approach can exploit desperate patients and skew study types and methods.
Researchers use climate model to tag soot sources and track its impact on the Tibetan Plateau, finding that soot from wildfires in India warms the region more than greenhouse gases. The study suggests that cutting emissions from central Asia's fossil fuel burning can have a significant impact on reducing soot levels on the plateau.
Researchers are working to reduce uncertainty in carbon cycle science by harmonizing data on key components, including Mexico and the US. This will help better understand how diverse regions respond to climate change and improve confidence in models.
The study identified four non-modifiable factors - gender, age, race, and ethnicity - that influence the employment gap, with smaller gaps for women, individuals in their 20s and 60s, Asians, and Hispanics. Two modifiable factors, marital status and educational attainment, also contributed to reduced employment gaps.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina have discovered a rare type of stem cell that is immune to radiation damage due to high levels of Sox9. This finding could lead to new ways to protect the gastrointestinal system of cancer patients before treatment, allowing for more aggressive treatments to be used.
A new study found that 53% of children with sports-related head injuries receive CT scans, but only 4% have traumatic brain injuries. Researchers recommend using evidence-based prediction rules to decrease unnecessary CT scan use and promote injury prevention in high-risk sports.
A new study reveals that malic acid is the primary cause of sweet cherry cracking, even at low water uptake levels. The researchers found that artificial juices composed of malic acid or five abundant osmolytes reproduce the effect on fruit cracking.
Researchers created a tethered artificial ribosome called Ribo-T, which works nearly as well as the natural cellular component. The engineered ribosome enables production of new drugs and biomaterials, and may lead to better understanding of ribosome function.
A six-year study found that using narrow vegetation-free strips under trees can reduce damage from hemipteran insects, increasing tree growth and fruit yield. Supplemental irrigation also showed benefits in three of five years, with trees grown with irrigation having larger trunk cross-sectional areas.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that nearly half of hospital-acquired blood clots were not preventable despite proper use of preventive therapies. The study suggests that measuring prevention efforts, rather than just numbers of clots, is essential to accurately penalize hospitals.
A new RAND analysis reveals that enrolling in a health insurance plan is only the first step for consumers to be actively engaged in their healthcare. The study found that low health literacy and limited access to primary care physicians are significant barriers to consumer engagement. To overcome these challenges, a collaborative and ...
The Alliance for Aging Research released a white paper highlighting the factors driving low vaccination rates among seniors and offering recommendations for improvement. Vaccination rates are lower than target levels set by Healthy People 2020, resulting in significant health issues and deaths among older adults.
Engineers at the University of California, San Diego, have found inspiration in the boxfish's armor, which includes hexagon-shaped scales and sutures. The structure provides a balance between flexibility and strength, making it an ideal design for body armor and flexible electronics.
Linda J.S. Allen, a renowned mathematician at Texas Tech University, has been recognized with the AWM-SIAM Sonia Kovalevsky Lecture award for her significant contributions to ordinary differential equations, difference equations, and stochastic models, particularly in the areas of infectious diseases and ecology.
Researchers developed 3D human skin tissue models to detect sensitizers in medical devices, potentially replacing animal testing. The models showed ability to detect low levels of known skin sensitizers.
Black men in England face a double lifetime risk of being diagnosed with and dying from prostate cancer compared to their white counterparts. The study reveals that Asian men have half the lifetime risk, highlighting the need for targeted awareness-raising and informed decision-making about PSA tests.
Researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology have developed a practical magnetic metallic contaminant detector using three high-Tc RF superconducting quantum interference devices for food inspection. The detection technique is based on recording the remnant magnetic field of a contaminant, providing a safe and high-resolution method.
Scientists created a novel sunscreen from algae's natural molecules, combined with chitosan, to protect against UV rays. The material is biocompatible, heat-stable, and absorbs both UVA and UVB radiation with high efficiency.
Researchers have induced structures within cells to produce laser light, emitting specific wavelengths that allow for precise labeling and measurement of individual cells. This technology has the potential to tag up to a trillion cells, matching the estimated number of human body cells, enabling applications in basic research and disea...
The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) show a modest improvement over state standards in genetics content, but fall short on key concepts like Mendelian inheritance. The study highlights the importance of interpreting standards consistently to ensure consistent implementation.
Researchers have discovered that metal organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit dynamic behavior, shifting between different geometries over time. This finding could lead to the synthesis of brand-new types of materials with enhanced flexibility in applications such as antimicrobial agents, hydrogen-storage materials and solar-cell components.
A nearly 20-year study found that kindergarteners' social-emotional skills are a significant predictor of their future success. Students demonstrating better prosocial behavior were more likely to graduate from college, be gainfully employed, and avoid arrest.
Experts weigh in on whether a sugar tax can help combat obesity, with some arguing it's a necessary step to reduce consumption and others claiming it would be economically ineffective. A sugar tax on all products may stimulate reformulated products, while taxes on specific food categories could change diets and improve health.
Carlos Castillo-Chavez receives SIAM Prize for his distinguished service to the profession and contributions to applied mathematics. He has made significant impacts in disease dispersal, addiction, and complex systems through his research at Arizona State University.
San Diego State University researchers have developed a way to use biotechnology to rejuvenate cardiac progenitor cells, which replicate indefinitely into new heart cells. By overexpressing an enzyme associated with cancer cell growth, they've shown promise in increasing cell proliferation and lifespan in mice, as well as human tissue.
A new study reveals that Hurricane Sandy's effects on New Jersey residents are still being felt two and a half years after the storm. The study found that 27% of residents with damaged homes experienced moderate or severe mental health distress, while mold was significantly associated with asthma and mental health distress.
Researchers at MIT and QCRI demonstrate a vulnerability in Tor's design, allowing an adversary to infer a hidden server's location or the source of information reaching a user. However, they also propose defenses, which are being evaluated for inclusion in future versions of the Tor software, to prevent such attacks.
Brown University professor George Em Karniadakis has been awarded the Ralph E. Kleinman Prize by SIAM for his contributions to applied mathematics, specifically in computational fluid dynamics and stochastic modeling. The $5,000 prize recognizes his research bridging high-level mathematics with practical applications.
A study found that adults who text while being cognitively distracted exhibit a more cautious gait, including increased obstacle clearance and decreased ability to walk in a straight line. The researchers suggest this adaptation may help prevent accidents when faced with cognitive challenges.
A new study reports that a targeted molecular contrast agent can be used to cause lung adenocarcinomas to fluoresce during pulmonary surgery, enabling real-time optical imaging and precise visualization of tumor margins. The technique showed promise in localizing tumors and detecting metastatic cancer cells with high accuracy.
New research published in Environment & Behavior found that watching aquariums and fish tanks can improve physical and mental wellbeing. The study showed noticeable reductions in blood pressure and heart rate, with higher numbers of fish helping to maintain attention for longer.
Surgeons report positive outcomes in robotic IVC thrombectomy for renal cancer patients with Level III thrombus. Eight out of nine patients show no evidence of disease after follow-up, with significant advancements in operating room times and blood loss.
A 16-year-old scientist has created a solution to remove pharmaceutical drugs from contaminated water, using a plastic adsorbent that can capture the chemicals. The innovative technique, tested over six years, shows promise for scaling up and applying it in real-world water treatment.
Researchers verified the accuracy of PoopMD, a free smartphone app that reads stool color to detect biliary atresia, a rare pediatric liver disease. The app correctly identified 27 normal stools and all acholic stool samples, providing reassurance for parents.
A new study using human embryonic stem cells suggests that early exposure to bisphenol A may lead to an increased risk of prostate cancer. The research found that BPA caused the development of prostate organoids to produce an overabundance of prostate stem cells, which could be a risk factor for cancer.
The Endocrine Society recommends tumor removal as the first-line treatment for endogenous Cushing's syndrome. This approach is optimal because it preserves the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which is crucial for the body's central stress response. Other treatment options include medication and radiation therapy.
Researchers discovered that brown dwarf stars, which are difficult to detect and classify, host powerful auroras similar to Earth's display. The study used radio and optical telescopes to observe a brown dwarf 20 light years away, providing evidence that these stars act like supersized planets.
Researchers studying marine snails found that aging impairs sensory and motor neurons' performance in short-term memory. This results in an inability of old animals to learn, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of age-related memory loss.
Researchers at Purdue University found that LED sole-source lighting is comparable to or better than traditional supplemental lighting for growing high-quality bedding plant seedlings. The study suggests using LEDs with a specific blue light spectrum can promote compact, desirable plant growth.
Research demonstrates impaired activation of mitochondrial energy metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes, leading to decreased insulin secretion. A novel fluorescence microscopic assay reveals a subtle disharmony between bioenergetic supply and demand pathways, suggesting a shift towards systems-level approaches to fight the disease.
A team of astronomers led by Gregg Hallinan has discovered that brown dwarfs, which are cool and dim objects, host powerful auroras near their magnetic poles. The findings suggest that these so-called failed stars behave more like giant planets with highly active magnetic fields.
A new study reveals that the distinctive, saw-like tooth structure of theropod dinosaurs enabled them to effectively process food, contributing to their success as predators. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of dinosaur dentition and has implications for our understanding of these ancient creatures.
Dr. Fred R. Hirsch, MD, PhD, is honored with the Addario Foundation Lectureship Award for his contributions to lung cancer research, education, and service. The award recognizes his dedication to eliminating lung cancer worldwide through translational-clinical research.
A new study suggests that exogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) treatment can improve the excretion of toxic bile acids and stimulate liver growth in neonatal pigs with parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. This finding supports a beneficial role for GLP-2 as a novel therapy in PNALD.
Dr. Candace Lewis, a TGen researcher, has received the 2015 Bisgrove Scholars award to investigate how stressful events in young children affect their DNA and RNA, and potentially influence their behavior later in life.
A multicenter study found that hybrid cochlear implant devices led to significant improvements in hearing and speech recognition among individuals with severely damaged high-frequency hearing. The study showed that 45 participants experienced overall improvement in their hearing and speech recognition, with some achieving profound gains.
Berkeley Lab researchers have generated and detected plasmons with one of the strongest confinement factors ever, confining photon energy to a spatial dimension smaller than its wavelength. This breakthrough enables novel plasmonic devices with extraordinary sub-wavelength confinement.
A European clinical trial shows that therapeutic hypothermia can significantly decrease intracranial pressure in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. The study found a mean reduction of 4.3 mmHg at the first hour of body cooling, continuing throughout the 6-hour hypothermia therapy.
This special series of articles explores the core psychological processes underlying maladaptive thought processes like worry and rumination. The research highlights cutting-edge methodologies and advances our understanding of these processes.