Scientists at the Salk Institute have discovered a molecule called EphA2 that stifles aggressive growth of common and deadly type of lung cancer in humans. The enzyme normally polices tissue growth but when mutated, cellular systems can run amok, leading to tumors.
A team of scientists has mapped the mantle under the Juan de Fuca plate, a key step in understanding the forces behind large earthquakes and tsunamis. The map reveals segmentation of the subduction zone, which could help explain why Pacific Northwest megaquakes don't always break along the entire length.
A recent study by University of Montana researchers found a significant increase in global land evapotranspiration over the past 32 years, driven by vegetation greening and rising atmosphere moisture deficits. This trend exacerbates regional drought-induced disturbances, particularly during strong El Nino events.
Researchers used a new method to evaluate health-care access in Appalachia, finding that insurance and geospatial access played crucial roles in late-stage diagnosis and adjuvant hormone therapy. The study suggests traditional metrics like travel times may not accurately capture the barriers faced by patients.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that deaths among middle-aged white Americans increased significantly between 1999 and 2013. The top causes of death were suicide, drug and alcohol poisoning, and chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis.
A team of scientists has discovered a gene called SWEET4 that plays a crucial role in increasing seed size and yield by importing sugars into seeds. This breakthrough discovery could lead to the development of new crop varieties with improved nutritional value and resistance to pathogens.
Lawrence Gostin, a renowned public health lawyer, has made significant contributions to the field of public health law. He continues to lead major global health law reform initiatives and serves on various commissions to report on global health risks.
A historian examines how Saudi Arabia's quest for fresh drinking water led to the discovery of oil and highlights the country's precarious relationship between oil and water. The expert argues that the U.S. must consider the environmental impact of desalination, a technology used to produce drinking water.
Chronic short sleep duration of 6 hours or less increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and older women. Increasing sleep duration by 2 hours or more also associated with a modest increased risk of diabetes, even after adjusting for other factors such as diet and physical activity.
A Swedish study found that children growing up with dogs have a lower risk of developing asthma, with a 15% reduction compared to those without dogs. The study analyzed over one million children and controlled for confounding factors.
A new study in the Journal of International Marketing identifies five distinct dimensions of consumer ethnocentrism: prosociality, cognition, insecurity, reflexiveness, and habituation. The study introduces a new scale to measure consumer ethnocentrism, which better predicts preferences for domestic brands.
A recent study found that tourists use peer-to-peer accommodation services for social and financial reasons, leading to broader destination choices and longer stays. The availability of these services also increases tourism demand and revenue for destinations.
A study published in the American Journal of Transplantation shows that new policies could increase pediatric lung transplants by twice as much. The research team tested alternative allocation models to improve pediatric access to donor lungs and found two models resulted in significantly more transplants for pediatric patients.
Research found that average survival was less than six months, with only 36% surviving beyond one year. Patients diagnosed through emergency routes tend to have more advanced cancers, contributing to a poorer prognosis. The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis in improving cancer survival rates.
Research by Queensland University of Technology found that people living alone are more likely to have poor dieting habits due to inadequate cooking skills and lack of motivation. The study also found a gender disparity in healthy eating practices, with men living alone having poorer diets than women.
Researchers found that grain size determines methane hydrate behavior under stress, with maximum capacity at 15-20 nm. This discovery has implications for predicting and preventing hydrate failure and exploring their use as a future energy source.
Research suggests that parent-adolescent communication is positively linked to safer sex behavior. The study found a small but significant association between parent communication and contraceptive use, which was stronger for girls than boys. Open communication about sex can help delay sexual debut and reduce the risk of sexually trans...
A new UC Davis study finds that identifying and addressing dyslexia as early as first grade can close the achievement gap with typical readers. Implementing effective reading programs at younger ages shows promising results in narrowing this disparity.
Researchers at UT Austin developed a nanoscale machine made of DNA that can autonomously walk in any direction, opening doors for cancer detection and therapeutic delivery. The DNA walker, with two legs connected by a torso, moves randomly and avoids re-tracing its steps, demonstrating a new level of complexity.
Researchers have determined the structure of a key enzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which could lead to new drugs for the disease. The discovery provides a potential starting point for developing treatments that target this enzyme.
Researchers have developed a groundbreaking method to identify and separate human tonsil cancer stem cells, providing new insights into the disease. The study shows that these stem cells are key players in the development of tonsil cancer, with HPV infection being a major risk factor.
A new NSF-funded project aims to develop rural libraries and librarians into informal STEM learning centers, providing access to science education for small towns and rural areas. The initiative builds on a previous Dartmouth-led project that reached over 100 libraries and aims to involve another 110.
The study found that pteropods, a tiny sea snail, will struggle to form their shells due to low carbonate ion concentration. The duration of undersaturation events will increase abruptly, posing an uncertain adaptation for vulnerable marine organisms.
A study of 7,699 fast food diners in NYC and NJ found that calorie labels don't reduce overall calories consumed. While some consumers notice and respond to calorie counts, awareness decreases over time, suggesting a need for multi-faceted approaches to address obesity.
A study by Rice University researchers has solved a long-standing mystery about the storage and secretion of blood-clotting factor VIII. The protein is both stored and secreted from a specialized organelle in endothelial cells, which line the walls of blood vessels.
Researchers at University of the Pacific have developed a method to significantly extend the lifespan of peptides. By tagging peptides with a compound, they enable it to survive in the bloodstream longer and avoid degradation. This breakthrough technology has the potential to improve peptide therapies for cancer and other diseases.
Researchers have created genetically encoded magnetic protein nanoparticles that can be produced within cells, allowing for non-invasive tracking and monitoring of cell signals. This technology has the potential to observe communication between neurons, activation of immune cells, and stem cell differentiation, among other phenomena.
A new study by Rice University sociologists finds that adjusting to less food availability can negatively impact kids, resulting in behavioral problems and poorer health. The study looked at transitions in food insecurity among kindergarteners and first-graders between 2011 and 2012.
A BU School of Medicine researcher has identified a small molecule that selectively kills ALT-positive cancer cells, offering a potential therapeutic approach to deadly forms of human cancer. The discovery targets the ALT pathway, frequently reactivated in aggressive cancers such as osteosarcoma and glioblastoma.
A study conducted by a University of Nebraska student found that cheering crowd noise levels in college hockey stadiums have no strong correlation with goals scored. The study measured noise levels during four games and found the loudest sections to be around 95 decibels, which is equivalent to hearing a jackhammer from 50 feet away.
Researchers found that acupuncture and Alexander Technique lessons significantly reduced chronic neck pain by 32% and 31%, respectively, at 12 months. These interventions provided clinically relevant reductions in pain levels without medication use, offering new hope for patients with chronic neck pain.
Researchers found that praising with an assertive tone and scolding with a non-assertive tone were the most effective ways to persuade people to wash their hands during flu season. The study, published in the Journal of Marketing Research, suggests that using an assertive tone can intensify the message and promote desired behavior.
Vyjayanthi Chari, a professor at UC Riverside, is recognized as a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society for her contributions to the theory of quantum groups and affine Lie algebras. She has also made significant contributions to mentoring graduate students and postdocs.
A new €23 million initiative, EAVI2020, accelerates the search for an effective HIV vaccine by uniting leading researchers from across Europe and beyond. The project aims to develop protective and therapeutic vaccines through collaborative efforts.
A new study in the Journal of Marketing Research found that consumers often misjudge the benefits of increased productivity, leading to wasted spending. Researchers Bart de Langhe and Stefano Puntoni discovered that consumers tend to overestimate time savings at high-productivity levels compared to low-level increases.
The study found that African immigrants experienced discrimination and stigma linked to the Ebola virus, leading to stress and hardships. The researchers emphasize the need for research on infectious diseases affecting immigrant communities in the US.
Researchers found that Janus kinase inhibitors decreased factors released by human senescent cells and reduced inflammatory mediators in mice. The treatment improved physical function, including grip strength, endurance, and physical activity, in aged mice over two months.
A team of researchers is using 'passive acoustic monitoring' to document the use of the Bering Strait by species previously excluded by sea ice. They are eavesdropping on marine mammals within the Arctic to monitor their presence year-round and study the impacts of climate change on the ecosystem.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet identified a hormonal mechanism explaining why women with PCOS are more likely to develop mental health issues. The study found that excessive testosterone exposure during fetal development can lead to anxiety-like behavior in both male and female offspring.
Researchers discovered that macrophages and monocytes actively participate in multiple sclerosis progression, exacerbating disease severity through stress signals. The study highlights the significance of the crosstalk between the peripheral immune system and brain, opening new avenues for potential therapies.
Researchers used America's most powerful supercomputer, Titan, to compute the neutron distribution of calcium-48, finding a smaller difference between neutron and proton distributions. This calculation impacts the size of neutron stars, connecting objects with a 18-order magnitude size difference.
Researchers studied three species of songbirds crossing the Gulf of Mexico, finding they use weather and body fat to assess migration risk. The findings can help protect migrating birds by identifying high-quality habitats along their routes.
A new study from the University of Alberta suggests that men's fair contribution to housework is linked to more frequent and satisfying sex in their relationships. The research found no correlation between the amount of housework completed and sexual functioning, contradicting previous studies.
A study of Canadian patients found that off-label prescription drug use was associated with a higher incidence of adverse drug events (ADEs), particularly when the use lacked strong scientific evidence. The study also found that patients using multiple medications had a significantly increased risk for ADEs.
Scientists developed new techniques to retrieve fingerprints from ivory, overcoming its porous nature and achieving clearer prints with reduced-size powders. This breakthrough enhances forensic tool use in regions with high levels of ivory-related crime.
A study by Wellesley College and the League of Urban Canners found that urban fruits like apples and peaches have lower levels of lead and arsenic, but higher concentrations of micronutrients. The researchers also found that eating urban fruit is not a significant source of lead exposure.
A literature review suggests that spontaneous knee effusion, also known as 'water on the knee,' can be an early symptom of Lyme disease, which can progress to more severe symptoms if left untreated. Early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment are crucial in preventing long-term damage.
Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications (CVIA) journal was introduced at the 26th GW-ICC meeting, focusing on novel developments in cardiovascular disease. The journal aims to promote cardiovascular innovations and applications for better public health globally.
A novel fusion gene NUP160-SLC43A3 has been identified in skin cancer cells, leading to rapid tumor progression and a significantly shorter duration between symptoms onset and hospital visit. This discovery has potential implications for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for angiosarcoma.
Researchers found stratigraphic evidence of subsidence during large earthquakes beneath salt marshes in California's Humboldt Bay. Microfossil data analysis enabled more accurate estimates of subsidence, refining earthquake models that match observed measurements. New plant macrofossils provide tighter constraints on past earthquake ti...
A Cancer Research UK survey found that around 20% of unvaccinated ethnic school girls believe they don't need the HPV vaccine. Reasons cited include lack of sexual activity and perceived side effects, highlighting barriers to vaccination uptake.
Planetary scientist Shoshanna Cole discovered signs of acid fog on Mars, which formed when acidic vapors dissolved minerals and created gel-like cement. The phenomenon was observed in the Watchtower Class outcrops on Husband Hill, indicating a change in the environment billions of years ago.
A preliminary study found that soy protein and isoflavones can slow down bone loss and lower the risk of osteoporosis in early menopause. The study suggests that incorporating soy foods into a diet could be an effective option for improving bone health in women during this period.
A preliminary study suggests that taking vitamin D supplements daily can improve exercise performance by increasing cycling distance and reducing physical exertion signs. The study also found lower blood pressure and cortisol levels in participants, indicating a potential link between vitamin D and cardiovascular health.
Researchers at University of Oxford have discovered a new treatment targeting cancer cells with specific SETD2 mutations. The innovative approach uses a drug inhibiting WEE1 protein, exploiting synthetic lethality to selectively kill cancer cells.
Experts identify self-disseminating vaccines as a potential solution to control emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) at their animal source. The vaccines use virus-based vectors to deliver vaccinations across populations, making it easier to inoculate animals and prevent disease transmission.