Researchers at TUM and Georgia Institute of Technology found that the size of platinum catalyst particles significantly affects reactivity, with clusters having fewer atoms showing lower activity. The discovery could lead to more efficient production of margarine and other chemicals, as well as new materials.
A large study found tenofovir-resistant strains in 60% of HIV patients in sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting a significant concern for global HIV control strategies. The study suggests that up to 15% of HIV patients will develop resistance in the first year of treatment alone.
Researchers used electrodes implanted in the temporal lobes of awake patients to decode brain signals and predict what object patients were seeing with over 95% accuracy. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding human perception and could lead to new treatments for paralysis and stroke patients.
Researchers replaced the Y chromosome in mice by increasing expression of two genes, Sry and Eif2s3y, allowing males to produce offspring. The study demonstrates the mammalian genome's plasticity by exchanging Y chromosome genes with those on other chromosomes.
A new estimate reveals that the ratio of bacterial to human cells in the body is closer to 1:1, with approximately 40 trillion bacterial cells and 30 trillion human cells. This revision challenges the long-held assumption that there are ten times more bacterial cells than human cells.
Research shows that artificial lights along Florida's coast deter nesting females but also find that sea turtle-friendly lighting ordinances are working. The density of sea turtle nests is reduced where artificial light is brightest and higher where it's dark.
In a study, researchers found that making small modifications to a task during repeated practice sessions can lead to faster skill acquisition. This is due to the process of reconsolidation, which strengthens motor skills by recalling and modifying existing memories. By adjusting their performance despite unawareness of subtle changes,...
Civilians injured by law enforcement officers have longer hospital stays and more injuries compared to those who were treated for altercations with other civilians. These findings are based on 10 years of Illinois hospitalization data.
Researchers found that exposure to second-hand smoke is associated with increased body fat and poorer cognitive function in children. The study of 220 overweight or obese children aged 7-11 years found that smoke exposure was linked to a larger waist size and reduced attention span, with implications for future health outcomes.
Researchers found that Hippo signaling pathway activates immune response to combat gram-positive bacteria, linked to organ growth control
Research published in Diabetologia found that women with one sleep disorder have a 47% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The risk increases to four times for those with multiple sleep disorders. The study highlights the importance of good sleeping patterns for preventing diabetes.
A study found that around 10% of UK primary care patients prescribed antidepressants for depression or anxiety have undiagnosed bipolar disorder. The condition often presents with depression and can be difficult to diagnose, leading to inappropriate treatment.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics found a novel epigenetic switch regulating genes in mice, leading to two distinct phenotypes. This discovery fundamentally alters our understanding of how epigenetics influences gene outcomes and has implications for obesity and other diseases.
Researchers used CRISPR to repair a genetic mutation responsible for retinitis pigmentosa, an inherited condition causing blindness in at least 1.5 million cases worldwide. The study marks the first time researchers have replaced a defective gene associated with a sensory disease in stem cells derived from a patient's tissue.
The first FDA-approved immunotherapy for pediatric cancer, dinutuximab, has been shown to be equivalent to the commercially produced version and can be made available to all patients. Clinical trials have demonstrated improved event-free survival and overall survival in children treated with the treatment.
Researchers led by Thomas Joiner theorize that humans exhibit eusocial characteristics, leading to self-sacrificial behaviors. These traits are adaptive in nature but become maladaptive in modern human contexts like suicide.
Researchers found that moths with transplanted antennae responded to novel pheromone blends not seen in nature. The moths' brains integrated signals from the antennal lobe to create a sense of reality, even when the sensory input was altered.
A study published in Optometry and Vision Science found that children with severe astigmatism can improve their reading fluency after wearing glasses, with effects most apparent among older children reading smaller text. The study supports the recommendation for full-time spectacle wear in astigmatic students.
Research by a University of Illinois business professor reveals that high-quality boss-worker relationships are positively related to higher salaries and greater responsibility in the next job. However, employees still leave their good managers due to limited internal opportunities for growth. Retaining valued employees can lead to inc...
A new study examined the early expression of genetic risk for schizophrenia in adolescence, finding associations between psychopathological features and increased risk. The research, published in JAMA Psychiatry, highlights the importance of monitoring genetic risk factors during critical developmental periods.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology developed reconfigurable origami tubes that can change cross sections to operate at different frequencies for antennas or switch liquids in microfluidic devices. The tubes employ the Miura-ori pattern and can be designed with exact properties needed for various users.
A systematic review found antidepressants increase aggression and suicidal thoughts in children, with a doubled risk compared to adults. Experts recommend minimal use and alternative treatments like exercise or psychotherapy.
A recent study found that a higher monetary cost of dietary intake is associated with improved diet quality, increased fruit and vegetable consumption, and weight management. The researchers monitored 2181 Spanish adults for ten years and discovered that spending more on food led to better health outcomes.
Child abuse exposure higher in Canadian military personnel than the general population, associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation and behaviors. The study suggests prevention efforts targeting child abuse exposure may help reduce suicide-related outcomes in both military and civilian populations.
A study published in Nature suggests that aging does not have a single molecular cause but is rather a systemic process. Researchers found a statistical regularity in how genetic and environmental factors affect the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans worms, revealing an unexpected uniformity among life span distributions.
Researchers found recent increases in mercury concentrations in rainfall at many sites across the continent, with positive trends in central regions consistent with increased emissions from Asia. The findings suggest that reductions in North American mercury emissions are primarily benefiting the eastern United States.
A landmark genetic study found that a person's risk of schizophrenia is increased if they inherit specific variants in the complement component 4 (C4) gene, which plays a role in synaptic pruning. This discovery helps explain decades-old observations and may lead to future therapeutic strategies targeting the disorder's roots.
Researchers developed soft robotic grippers to interact with deep sea coral reef organisms without harming them. The grippers' compliant materials matched natural environments, allowing for non-destructive manipulation and sampling of fragile organisms.
A recent study by University of Utah professor Reid Ewing found that urban sprawl significantly reduces upward mobility, particularly for children born into low-income families. The study showed that compact areas tend to have higher rates of social mobility compared to sprawling areas.
Researchers discovered a new biomarker, pro-NPY, which correlates with increased risk of prostate cancer death. The study suggests that high pro-NPY levels can predict prostate cancer-related death among diagnosed patients who haven't received surgical treatment.
New research from Penn Medicine reveals that many transplant centers in the US reject organs for their sickest patients, increasing waitlist mortality. The study analyzed 23,000 organ offers to 13,255 patients and found significant variability in acceptance rates among centers.
Multinational companies with high corporate taxes take on less debt than those with lower tax rates, according to a new study. The research suggests that higher corporate taxes distort economic activity and lead to reduced debt levels, contrary to previous findings.
Researchers used X-ray phase contrast imaging to study the formation and evolution of jets in cerium metal after shock waves were generated by impact systems. The study found that the yield stress of cerium could be estimated using jet heights and velocity histories, providing insight into material strength.
A recent study published in The BMJ found that increased flavonoid consumption was associated with less weight gain. The largest association was seen for anthocyanins, flavonol polymers, and flavonols, with daily intake linked to a reduction of 0.16-0.23 lbs (0.07-0.10 kg) over four-year intervals.
Researchers found that iron fertilization in one area can inhibit growth in others, highlighting the complexity of ocean nutrient cycles. This study challenges the idea that fertilizing oceans with iron could be a major force in spurring and maintaining ice ages.
The University of Kansas School of Engineering will educate cyberdefense experts dedicated to public service with a new $4.7 million grant. The initiative supports dozens of students, who commit to work at government cybersecurity jobs safeguarding critical infrastructure.
A study by Finnish researchers found that removing a gene from mice protected them against arterial disease and obesity, due to increased activity of brown adipose tissue. The discovery suggests that inhibiting the USF1 gene might be a good strategy for treating cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Film historian Kunle Olulode argues that removing racist content from old films and books hinders understanding of the past. By leaving these elements intact, we can learn from historical context and develop a more nuanced understanding of society's evolution.
Research reveals that high-ambition and attentive managers may resist performance-based pay, instead choosing comfort over risk. Tailored compensation strategies are necessary to motivate these individuals, as one-size-fits-all approaches prove ineffective.
Researchers have identified a correlation between grain boundary misorientation angle and electrical transport properties in monolayer molybdenum disulfide. Increasing the merging angle of grain boundaries drastically improves electron flow, resulting in higher carrier mobility.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev have discovered six botnets, which are networks of malicious code that can carry out powerful cyber attacks and spread viruses. The team used advanced algorithms to identify the botnets and traced their administrators.
The study suggests that humans have entered an 'Age of Plastic,' where plastics are forming fossils and persisting in the Earth's geology. Plastics can travel thousands of miles, get caught up in oceanic garbage patches, and be buried by increasing layers of plastic waste by mid-century.
Marti G. Subrahmanyam has received a €250,000 grant to collaborate with the LOEWE research center SAFE at Goethe University Frankfurt. The award promotes international cooperation in humanities and social sciences over five years.
A team of researchers has identified a completely new bacterial phylum, dubbed 'Kryptonia', in geothermal springs using metagenomics and single-cell genomics. The novel phylum was found to have unique metabolic pathways and potential biotechnological applications.
Researchers at the University of Basel have developed a simple and effective test to detect Ponto-Caspian gobies in streaming and stagnant water. The method uses environmental DNA analysis, reacting exclusively to the genetic material of invasive gobies, making it a cost-efficient alternative to traditional methods.
A UT Southwestern study found no conclusive evidence supporting the use of more expensive biologic mesh materials over synthetic mesh in abdominal wall hernia repair. Despite their potential benefits, biologic meshes have not been proven to significantly reduce infections or erosions.
A recent study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that consuming soy regularly may protect women undergoing infertility treatments from poor success rates linked to bisphenol A exposure. Women who did not eat soy foods had lower embryo implantation rates and fewer live births with ...
Assistant Professor Corinna Schlombs studied trans-Atlantic technology transfer and its impact on productivity in Germany following WWII. Her research reveals a distinct cultural and historical context for computer development in Europe.
A large-scale survey of US children found that nearly 3.3 million have dizziness or balance issues, with prevalence increasing with age. Girls and non-Hispanic white children are more likely to experience these problems.
A new study found that medical complications at birth, maternal education, early motor assessments, and early cognitive assessments are key predictors of later cognitive function and motor performance in children born premature. Research also shows that mild impairments remain a challenge for preterm children into later childhood.
Private companies like DuPont have reduced their basic research units in response to business demands, shifting focus towards quicker return on investment. This change has implications for the scientific community, which may see a decrease in groundbreaking discoveries.
Researchers used whole-transcriptome sequencing to screen for blood-borne diseases in wild lemurs and found several strains of parasites similar to those causing Lyme disease. The approach could pave the way for earlier detection of future outbreaks of zoonotic diseases that move between animals and people.
Researchers at Dresden University Hospital have discovered a molecular signal pathway that allows stem cells and pancreatic islet cells to interpret signals in a similar manner. This finding could lead to new approaches for regenerating damaged tissue and treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes.
Studies using advanced imaging techniques reveal changes in brain and spinal cord structure and function associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Researchers believe that CNS factors contribute to the development of painful symptoms, providing new insights into the nature of DPN.
Generic drugs are increasingly inaccessible due to pharmaceutical companies' strategies to delay market entry. These tactics include pay-for-delay deals, authorized generics, and product hopping, which can lead to higher prices for patients.
Examination of fishing hooks and baits reveals conflicting impacts on sharks and rays, with some methods potentially increasing catch and injury while others help sea turtles and other species.
Researchers discovered young star populations in old globular clusters that formed from gas flowing in from outside the cluster itself. This challenge traditional understanding of star birth and highlights the complex nature of globular clusters.
Research found an association between earthworm presence and reduced abundance of certain tree species in understory of sugar maple forests. Earthworm populations are linked to soil moisture levels, affecting seed germination and plant survival.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new biodegradable material that can reduce scarring in blood vessels, potentially preventing deadly blockages. Early tests show the material can reduce cell migration by 57 percent.
Researchers have identified the cells responsible for childhood brain tumor subtype Group 4 medulloblastoma, a breakthrough that may lead to more effective treatments. By studying the epigenome, scientists found that these tumors originate from neural stem cells in the developing cerebellum.