Scientists at MD Anderson Cancer Center have engineered a system allowing microscopic monitoring and imaging of cancer in mice, enabling better understanding and treatment of bone metastasis. The model reveals how cancer cells interact with bone and bone resident cells over time, providing insights into the disease's progression.
A new study from McGill University Health Centre reveals that a four-month rifampin treatment is as effective as nine months of isoniazid in preventing tuberculosis, with significantly fewer side effects. The treatment was also more acceptable to patients, particularly those with liver toxicity.
The IADR Unilever Hatton Competition and Awards provide an opportunity for junior investigators to present their research, with up to six receiving monetary awards. This year's winners showcased innovative projects in head and neck cancer stem cells, oral cancer microenvironment, and dental treatment needs.
A NASA scientist has mapped the heat escaping from beneath Greenland's ice sheet, revealing a thermal track that records the movement of a continent through Earth's history. This heat map exposes a diagonal scar of warm, dense rock below the surface, created by a mantle plume that has fueled volcanic eruptions.
Researchers developed an AI tool to automate radiation therapy planning, reducing treatment development time from days to hours. The software achieves comparable results to conventional methods and has the potential to improve patient care and outcomes.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University and Tsinghua University have discovered microscale superlubricity, achieving ultra-low friction and wear between dissimilar materials under high loads. This breakthrough has enormous implications for computer hard discs and ball bearings, leading to potential energy savings and wear prevention.
A study found that travel times for nurses in neurocritical care units increase staffing ratios by 33-50% due to frequent assessments and procedures. Implementing additional staff, including a 'circulating nurse' position, can improve patient care and retention rates.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center have identified depression, back pain, and previous drug use as significant risk factors for prolonged opioid use after surgery or trauma. Effective pain management strategies with a lower risk of prolonged opioid use can help physicians mitigate this issue.
Researchers found that Arctic cyclones limit precise sea-ice prediction in the Northern Sea Route due to increased forecast error for large-scale weather features. The TOPAZ4 system, however, was reliable for early summer SIT prediction with a skill level up to 3 days.
Alessio Figalli, an ERC grantee, wins the 2018 Fields Medal for his work on Partial Differential Equations and Calculus of Variations. His research on optimal transport theory has deep connections with fundamental problems in the field.
A UCLA-led study found that many people with heart failure do not receive recommended medications, and when prescribed, they are often at lower-than-recommended doses. The research highlights the need for new strategies to improve medication dosing and outcomes for people with heart failure.
Almost half of India's districts are not on track to meet the target for newborns and under-five mortality rates by 2030. Despite progress in reducing deaths among children under five and newborns, India still faces significant challenges, including socioeconomic and geographic disparities.
Researchers fused yeast chromosomes to study reproductive isolation and its effects on breeding. The team found that viable sex cells could not be produced when the difference between chromosome numbers became too great, leading to reproductive isolation.
Dry months are experiencing temperature increases faster than average climate warming, according to a new UCI study. The research team found regions undergoing droughts warmed more than four times faster than areas with average weather conditions.
Researchers have discovered a method to synthesize helical biomineral structures with opposite spiral directions by adding specific amino acids, shedding light on how certain biological structures can exhibit both rotations within the same species or individual organism.
Case Western Reserve University researchers developed an automatic alert system using wearable sensors and smartphone apps to help people quit smoking. The system tracks specific arm and body motions associated with smoking and sends personalized text messages or videos to motivate users.
Zebra finches partition hues from red to orange into two discrete categories, similar to human color perception. The birds' ability to distinguish between colors suggests a cognitive shortcut to reduce ambiguity in decision-making.
A PolyU-led project has been awarded a record-breaking HK$47.2 million grant to develop new concrete structures for marine infrastructure, aiming to reduce steel corrosion and environmental pollution. The five-year project will focus on innovative materials and designs, with potential benefits extending to Hong Kong and globally.
Research reveals that liming can unlock previously unavailable phosphorus in soils, but the relationship is complex and depends on soil history and enzyme activity. Increases in phosphorus availability are relatively small, highlighting the need for combined lime and added phosphorus to meet crop needs.
Researchers found that various fruit and vegetable peels effectively removed pollutants like dyes and heavy metals from water. The study, led by Cindy Samet, expanded on previous research using avocado peels to remove pollutants, and discovered the potential of other peels like lemon seeds to achieve near-100% removal rates.
A new study found that global fishing fleets have doubled their distance traveled to catch only a third of what they did 65 years ago. The top 20 fishing countries are responsible for 60% of the world's industrial fishing catch, with declines in catch rates and increased fuel consumption.
A new study of over 5,000 older Irish adults found a strong association between belly fat and reduced cognitive function. The study suggests that reducing obesity could offer a cost-effective public health strategy for preventing cognitive decline.
Researchers use holographic technology to create complex knots in light, revealing new insights into the topology of knotted fields. The study's findings could lead to the creation of new devices processing information through customized light structures.
A survey of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) reveals distrust in healthcare providers and a lack of emotional support as major contributing factors to negative medical experiences. Women with PCOS often wait years for diagnosis and receive limited information about the disorder, leading to arguments with physicians.
Researchers found a group of planets outside our solar system where chemical conditions similar to Earth's exist. These planets are in the habitable range and receive sufficient ultraviolet light from their host stars to kick-start life. The study identifies potential candidates, including Kepler 452b, that could support life development.
A new study reveals that animal and fungal species have a significant impact on forest performance, including carbon storage and climate regulation. The research, conducted over ten years in subtropical forests, found that biodiversity must be considered as a whole to maintain forest health.
Researchers found that opioid prescription rates have remained flat for commercially insured patients over the past decade, but rates for some Medicare patients are leveling off. The study of 48 million U.S. patients showed high rates of opioid use among disabled Medicare Advantage recipients.
A highly flexible and stretchable sensor can measure blood flow in brain aneurysms, reducing the need for expensive diagnostic procedures. The sensor uses capacitance changes to detect fluid flow, enabling real-time monitoring of hemodynamics after surgery.
Researchers discovered that common plastics emit greenhouse gases methane and ethylene when exposed to sunlight. Polyethylene, the most produced synthetic polymer globally, was found to be the most prolific emitter of these gases.
Experimental studies reveal a strong interplay between liganded and non-liganded transcriptional activations of ERs. Natural estrogens can restore DNA surveillance in tumor cells via harmonized transactivation of AF1 and AF2 domains.
A novel epigenetic diagnostic approach enables early detection of primary immune deficiencies in newborns, including Severe Combined Immunodeficiencies and X-linked agammaglobulinemia. The technology also shows promise for improving HIV treatment in low-resource countries by accurately monitoring immune cell counts on dried blood samples.
A three-week intensive outpatient treatment program reduced PTSD symptoms by more than half in military veterans, with over 90% sticking to the program. The program combined evidence-based therapies like Cognitive Processing Therapy with wellness interventions, showing that concentrating therapy over consecutive days can be an effectiv...
A study published in The BMJ found that US opioid use has not declined over the last decade, with higher average daily doses in 2017 compared to 2007. Disabled Medicare beneficiaries were particularly prone to opioid use, taking higher doses for longer periods.
Researchers at UTMB have developed a method to bioengineer human lungs in a lab, without any medical complications. The study used a support scaffold made from lung proteins and successfully transplanted them into adult pigs, with the animals surviving for several months post-transplant.
Scientists at IBS report a breakthrough using heavy water (D2O) to delay sample damage in transmission electron microscopy. The approach allows for longer observation of molecule movements, enabling study of the nanoworld.
A multidisciplinary team developed soft, flexible, and customizable samplers that can grasp delicate sea creatures without damaging them. The researchers 3D-printed modifications to the device overnight, revolutionizing marine biology fieldwork and enabling scientists to collect samples in their native habitats.
A new study finds that biased cultures and policies can lead to dissatisfaction among childbearing surgical residents. The researchers identified three main risk factors: change in training plans due to balancing parenting with professional pursuits, perceived stigma around pregnancy, and lack of maternity leave policies.
A team of engineers and physicians at the University of California - San Diego developed a device that diffuses potent disinfectants for airborne delivery. The device effectively eliminated bacteria commonly causing hospital-acquired infections and also killed highly multi-drug resistant strains of bacteria including K. pneumoniae.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory discovered that arid environment residents desire water security, which can benefit entire neighborhoods. They also developed 3D printed molds to reduce concrete production time and engineered nanopores with stable edge structures for ultrathin electronics.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have discovered a method to make the linkages between COFs much more sturdy, giving them new characteristics and expanding their applications. The technique targets weak links and forms resilient bonds that hold up in harsh chemical environments.
A new study from the University of Illinois reveals that racial diversity in student leadership programs leads to a measurable increase in lasting leadership capacity. White students showed significant gains in leadership motivation, while non-white students benefited across all metrics.
A team at the University of Washington has developed a sustainable method to remove color from dyes in water using a sponge-like material created from wood pulp and palladium. This process can alter the dye structure and change its color to clear, allowing plants to grow normally again.
Researchers developed a new photosensitizer using gold nanorods to enable color printing in selective laser sintering. The material is cost-effective for large-scale production and produces brightly colored objects.
Researchers at North Carolina State University developed a new technique to control self-folding three-dimensional structures by applying templates to constrain deformation. The technique creates complex shapes without cutting or printing, and can be executed at low temperatures.
A study of 207 white boys with ADHD found that higher IQ levels and concrete educational goals in adolescence predicted better adult functioning. Conversely, mild conduct problems and lower IQs were associated with poorer outcomes.
SourceElsevier·JournalJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry·DateAug 1, 2018
Male competition drives evolution of flashy color patterns in orangethroat darters. The males' ability to distinguish their own species from others favors the development of these flashier signals.
Medical researchers from MSU propose a new targeted cancer therapy by increasing the activity of wild-type p53, which supports genetic stability and prevents malignant tumor formation. The study reveals that p53 also regulates metastasis formation through various programmed cell death pathways.