Fussy eating prevents mongoose family feuds
New research shows that banded mongooses living in large groups adopt specialized diets to avoid fighting over food. This adaptation allows them to reduce competition and maintain group harmony.
Science News Archive March 2018 - Page 24
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New class of menopause drugs reduces number and severity of hot flushes
A new class of experimental drugs has been found to reduce hot flushes in menopausal women by almost three-quarters within three days. The treatment also improves sleep and concentration significantly. The compound works by blocking the action of a brain chemical called neurokinin B, which triggers hot flushes.
Cells stressed out? Make mitochondria longer
Researchers at TSRI found that cells activate protective pathways during stress, leading to longer mitochondria and improved energy production. This mechanism may help combat stress and age-related diseases.
New research solves the 60-year-old paleontological mystery of a 'phantom' dicynodont
A new study validates 'phantom' fossil footprints collected in the 1950s showing dicynodonts coexisting with dinosaurs. The discovery sheds light on ancient ecosystems and highlights the importance of trace fossils like footprints.
Study: Hispanic Americans across ethnicities want HIV testing in Spanish
New University at Buffalo research found that Hispanic patients prefer to receive care in Spanish, even if they're fluent in English. Language barriers restrict access to testing and diagnosis for many, but tailored outreach strategies can promote HIV testing in Hispanic communities.
SourceUniversity at Buffalo·JournalJournal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care·DateMar 14, 2018
Neglecting child health threatens UK's future prosperity, says expert
The UK's low priority on children and young people's health threatens the country's economic growth and prosperity. Investing in child health can bring impressive returns, but current neglect may lead to reduced workforce participation and productivity.
Molecular motor mystery solved: Novel protein rounds out plant cells' machinery
A research team led by Weihong Qiu has discovered a novel kinesin-14 motor that expands current understanding of the evolution and design principle of motor proteins. The discovery was made in land plants, which lack dynein but have many kinesin-14 motors.
Global warming increases the risk of avalanches
UNIGE researchers analyzed tree rings to link global warming to increasing frequency and intensity of avalanches in the Himalayas. The study found that rising temperatures have led to bigger avalanches traveling greater distances, threatening infrastructure development and socio-economic stability in regions like Himachal Pradesh.
Researchers create 3-D structure of the nuclear pore complex
The discovery provides insight into the construction and function of the NPC, which spans the double membrane of the nuclear envelope and regulates development and cell growth. The researchers' novel Integrative Modeling approach accurately placed 552 NPC proteins within the channel.
Preeclampsia screening method found superior to current tests
Researchers have developed a more accurate way to screen for preeclampsia, a condition affecting 2-3% of pregnancies, which can lead to serious health effects for both mother and child. The new screening method uses biomarkers to identify high-risk women, resulting in increased detection rates for preterm-PE by up to 82%.
Nanospears deliver genetic material to cells with pinpoint accuracy
Researchers have developed remote-controlled nanospears that can pierce membrane walls and deliver DNA into selected cells with precision. The technique shows promise for the production of new gene therapies and may lead to more effective and less harmful methods for delivering genetic material.
Researchers say 'active protection' needed to help Angola's threatened elephants
A recent study by Elephants Without Borders and the University of Massachusetts Amherst reports that Angola's elephant population has declined by 21% since 2015. The researchers highlight the need for active protection measures, such as anti-poaching laws and habitat conservation, to prevent further decline.
Canada remains 7th in World Happiness Report rankings
The report ranks Canada as the seventh happiest country in the world, with immigrants reporting higher life evaluations compared to locals. The countries with the happiest immigrants have balanced social and institutional supports, such as Canada which ranked fourth most accepting for migrants.
Treatment for male anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis patients
For male anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis patients without tumors, plasmapheresis has been found to be an effective treatment strategy. Studies comparing treatments such as intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab with plasmapheresis have shown that the latter is not inferior in efficacy.
Research gets closer to producing revolutionary battery to power renewable energy industry
Researchers have developed an advanced hydrogen-bromine flow battery that can store electricity from solar farms and discharge it overnight when needed. The battery, designed by the University of Kansas, has a high surface area and could be used in large-scale remote energy storage systems.
'Body on a chip' could improve drug evaluation
MIT engineers develop a 'physiome on a chip' that connects engineered tissues from up to 10 organs, allowing accurate replication of human organ interactions for weeks. This technology could reveal potential side effects of drugs and improve evaluation before human testing.
Removing heavy metals from water with MOFs
Researchers developed a water-stable MOF/polymer composite that can remove over 1.6 times its own weight of mercury and 40% of its weight in lead from contaminated water samples. The material was tested in solutions with lead levels similar to those found in Flint, Michigan, and reduced lead concentrations to 2 parts per billion.
Chromatin usage in individual cells reveals developmental trajectories
A new approach reveals how cells in developing embryos regulate their identity and determine their fate. The study identifies thousands of previously unknown regulatory elements used only in a subset of cells, providing insights into cellular development.
Saving lives with platypus milk
Researchers at CSIRO Australia and Deakin University have successfully replicated a unique protein in platypus milk that has antibacterial properties. The discovery could help combat superbugs and save lives.
Saving lives
A team of climatologists at UC Santa Barbara's Climate Hazards Group has developed skillful predictions for droughts and famines, helping to mitigate their effects on severe food insecurity. Their work, in collaboration with various organizations, aims to make the world more food secure by anticipating climate extremes.
SourceUniversity of California - Santa Barbara·JournalQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society·DateMar 14, 2018
Crabs in your computer
A new study provides three-dimensional visual data from hermit crabs using 3D microCT scanning technology, making it easier to examine and compare specimens for taxonomic research. The dataset is now available for download and includes interactive web-based viewers and 3D printable file formats.
Big game hunters in Africa urged to drop the lead to help save vultures
Research in Botswana finds high levels of lead in African vultures, linked to hunting activity, with conservation efforts urging a national ban on lead bullets and awareness among policymakers.
'Cold-blooded' pythons make for caring moms
A recent study found that female southern African pythons incubate eggs and care for their babies for about two weeks after hatching. During this time, the mother's body temperature increases significantly, and she loses up to 40% of her body mass.
A catalyst with self-defense against oxygen
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum have developed a new catalyst with a self-defense mechanism against oxygen damage, using DuBois-type complexes based on abundant metals. The protection system involves an immobilization matrix that electrically disconnects the catalyst from the electrode surface.
While a candidate's voice pitch sways voters, it doesn't result in better leaders
Researchers from Florida Atlantic University and the University of Miami conducted an observational study and experimental study to test whether a candidate's voice pitch is related to their leadership ability. They found no correlation between the two, suggesting that voters are not making informed choices based on candidates' voices.
Researchers link defects in a nuclear receptor in the brain to autism spectrum disorders
Defects in a nuclear receptor, LXRβ, in the brain's dentate gyrus have been linked to autism spectrum disorders. Early changes in neurogenesis of this region may provide an aberrant template for social function circuitry.
Smoke-damaged airway tissue restored on switching to glo
A new study shows that airway cells damaged by cigarette smoke can be reversed when exposed to glo vapour. The results suggest that glo may have reduced risk compared to conventional cigarettes.
Exploration of a new chemical synthesis process -- synergy of two catalysts in one flask
Researchers at Kanazawa University have successfully synthesized a ketone from an aldehyde using the synergistic action of an organocatalyst and a palladium catalyst in one flask. This novel protocol enables simple and mild synthesis under conditions that previously required complex chemical reaction steps or metal reagents.
Researchers demonstrate existence of new form of electronic matter
Quadrupole topological insulators are a new phase of electronic matter with unusual properties. The researchers created a workable-scale analogue of QTI using printed circuit boards and measured how much microwave radiation was absorbed by each resonator.
Many patients show signs of chronic kidney disease before diabetes diagnosis
A recent VA study found that over 30% of diabetic veterans had prior signs of chronic kidney disease. The results highlight the importance of early detection and screening for CKD in at-risk populations. Researchers propose broadening screening among patients with increased risk of CKD to prevent organ damage.
Cash payments prompt tropical forest users to harvest less
A University of Colorado Boulder study shows that cash payments can induce people to conserve nature longer term, even after payments are discontinued. Participants who received cash incentives cut down 48% fewer trees and continued to conserve even after payments stopped.
A study suggests structural difference in the brain of transgender people
A study using MRI scans found variations in the volume of the insula brain region in transgender women, which may be linked to body dysphoria and discrimination. The research suggests that these differences may begin during gestation and cannot be explained by hormone treatment.
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalScientific Reports·DateMar 14, 2018
Studies examine how hospital payments for cardiovascular care may affect patient outcomes
A large-scale study found that higher spending on heart attack care was associated with a modest reduction in patient mortality. Researchers analyzed over 640,000 hospitalizations involving patients 65 years or older hospitalized for heart attack between July 2011 and June 2014.
Destroy Pancreatic Cancer dedicates $1 million for unique TGen-designed clinical trial
The non-profit organization Destroy Pancreatic Cancer is funding a new clinical trial designed by Dr. Daniel D. Von Hoff at the Piedmont Cancer Institute, aiming to improve treatment options for pancreatic cancer patients. The trial will enroll up to 25 patients and is part of TGen's efforts to find a cure for this deadly disease.
Keeping plant-cell motors on track
Researchers found a key regulator, importin IMB4, that holds kinesins in check until their cargo is needed. This process is crucial for building the plant cell wall and preventing waste.
Scenario 2050: Lithium and cobalt might not suffice
Researchers warn of critical shortages of lithium and cobalt in the future, with post-lithium technologies like sodium-ion batteries offering alternatives. Upscaling production and recycling are key to reducing pressure on these resources.
Turbocharging fuel cells with a multifunctional catalyst
A new catalyst developed by Georgia Institute of Technology researchers can significantly improve the efficiency of fuel cells by speeding up oxygen processing. This breakthrough could enable the widespread adoption of clean energy technology and reduce costs associated with producing hydrogen fuel, a key ingredient for fuel cells.
Graphene flakes for future transistors
Researchers have discovered graphene nanoflakes that can exploit quantum effects to modulate current flow. The flakes also exhibit new magnetic properties, enabling the creation of spin currents and potential applications in spintronics.
Coral reef experiment shows: Acidification from carbon dioxide slows growth
A new study published in Nature shows that ocean acidification caused by carbon dioxide emissions will severely slow coral reef growth. The research team manipulated seawater chemistry to reflect end-of-century projections, finding that increased acidity hinders calcification and reef growth.
Droughts in Mongolia -- past, present and future
Researchers used tree-ring records to analyze Mongolia's 2,060-year climate history. The study found that future droughts are likely no worse than those of the past, with increased precipitation offsetting the effects of higher temperatures on semi-arid regions.
Brain genes related to innovation revealed in birds
A study by McGill University researchers reveals that birds with high problem-solving skills have higher levels of a neurotransmitter receptor associated with human intelligence. The findings provide insight into the evolutionary mechanisms affecting cognitive traits in animals.
NASA finds towering storms in Tropical Cyclone Linda
NASA's GPM core satellite detected towering thunderstorms southeast of Tropical Cyclone Linda's center, producing heavy rainfall at rates exceeding 7.1 inches per hour. The storm's convective activity is decreasing due to dry air moving into the system and increasing vertical wind shear.
Researchers uncover way to restore movement sensation in upper limb amputation patients
A team of researchers has developed a method to restore natural movement sensation in patients with prosthetic arms, enhancing control and independence. The breakthrough uses small robots to vibrate muscles, allowing patients to feel their missing limbs move and manipulate their prostheses with improved fine motor control.
Scientists find seismic imaging is blind to water
Researchers at MIT and Australian National University found that seismic waves are essentially blind to water in the Earth's upper mantle. The team's experiments showed that even tiny amounts of water have no effect on seismic wave speeds, contradicting previous assumptions.
Boron can form a purely honeycomb, graphene-like 2-D structure
Researchers successfully synthesized a purely honeycomb borophene sheet on an Al(1 1 1) surface, exhibiting a planar, non-buckled honeycomb lattice similar to graphene. Theoretical calculations show that the structure is energetically stable and could enable superconductivity.
New guidelines on preventing and treating 'equine strep throat'
The new guidelines provide updated clinical recommendations for treating strangles in horses, including a shift away from bacterial culture as the gold standard and new methods for determining disease-free status. The consensus statement also outlines best practices for quarantine, examination, and biosecurity protocols to prevent dise...
California mental health tax providing services to needy in L.A. County, study finds
A RAND Corporation study found that California's Mental Health Services Act has reduced homelessness and hospitalizations for seriously mentally ill individuals in Los Angeles County. The program has also improved employment and wellbeing outcomes among those served.
Lack of water is key stressor for urban trees
A study found that urban trees can tolerate increased heat and insect pests but struggle with water stress, highlighting the importance of hydration strategies in urban forestry management.
Hunger guides mountain lions' actions to enter residential areas
Researchers found that mountain lions avoid humans when they're full, but as hunger increases, they may use backyards to hunt for food. Female mountain lions also avoid houses more than males, likely due to energy expenditure on rearing kittens.
Warm summers could weaken ocean circulation
Scientists found a correlation between sea surface temperatures in the Irminger Sea, surface freshwater, and atmospheric conditions in the Labrador Sea. The study suggests that freshwater can weaken deep convection, leading to delayed onset of winter convection and potentially weakening ocean circulation.
SourceHelmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR)·JournalNature Climate Change·DateMar 13, 2018
Moffitt researchers use single-cell imaging & math models to find effect drug properties
Moffitt researchers used single-cell imaging and mathematical modeling to determine the most important drug characteristics for efficient uptake by tumor cells. They found that drugs with different diffusion rates and concentrations bind effectively to cells based on their distance from blood vessels and density of drug receptors.
Surprising discovery provides insights into aggressive endometrial cancers
Research at Huntsman Cancer Institute found that estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors work together to promote more aggressive endometrial cancers. The study suggests that corticosteroids, a stress hormone, can make the uterine lining stop growing but may also contribute to tumor growth when combined with high estrogen levels.
Predicting an insect community structure based on genomic variation in a tree species
A study by Hokkaido University researchers predicts insect community structure by analyzing genomic variation in a tree species. The findings show that genetic distance between alders is the most important predictor of arthropod communities, providing clues for effective ecosystem preservation plans.
Study shows bias in use of alcohol screening after traumatic brain injury
A recent study found that standardized approaches are needed to ensure all TBI patients undergo alcohol screening in the emergency department. Women and younger patients were less likely to be screened due to systemic bias, highlighting the need for updated triage processes and screening tools.
Machines see the future for patients diagnosed with brain tumors
Researchers developed AI software to predict glioma patient survival by analyzing tissue biopsies, outperforming human pathologists' predictions. The approach combines deep-learning and conventional methods to provide more accurate and consistent information for doctors.
PSU receives $300,000 grant to help students use big data to guide Portland's growth
Portland State University has received a $300,000 grant to bring eight college students from across the U.S. to work on real-world projects using computational modeling and big data to improve Portland's quality of life. The program aims to provide valuable mentoring and research experience to undergraduate students.
Molecule that gives energy-burning brown fat its identity could lead to drugs for obesity
Salk researchers discovered how the ERRγ molecule gives brown fat its energy-expending identity, which could lead to new therapies for obesity and related diseases. The study found that the molecule is active in brown fat cells and plays a crucial role in maintaining their ability to burn energy.
Asthma management tools improve asthma control and reduce hospital visits
The study found that using Asthma APGAR tools reduced asthma-related emergency department, urgent care, or hospital visits by 50% and improved asthma control by 14% compared to usual care. The tools also increased adherence to National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines.
Ash from dinosaur-era volcanoes linked with shale oil, gas
A Rice University study reveals a connection between dinosaur-era volcanoes and the formation of shale gas and oil fields. The research suggests that nutrient-rich ash from thousands of volcanic eruptions led to the creation of these deposits.
Road, rail, boat: Sandia transport triathlon puts spent nuclear fuel to the test
The Sandia transport triathlon tested the safe transportation of spent nuclear fuel by combining data from three modes of transportation: truck, ship, and train. The test yielded valuable insights into the stresses experienced by fuel rods during routine handling and transportation.