A working group of medical organizations analyzed 29 pivotal phase III trials for disease-modifying drugs in MS, finding that patient symptoms and quality of life were often not considered. They suggest improving studies by focusing on patient-reported outcomes and long-term treatment effects.
A Dutch study found that children who engage in positive self-talk about effort improve their math performance, particularly those with negative beliefs about ability. This strategy can be a simple and effective way for children to boost their academic achievement.
Dodder parasitic plant avoids genetic evolution arms race with host plants by sending microRNAs that shut down defense genes. The parasite targets conserved host genes and creates multiple versions of its genetic weaponry to ensure effectiveness.
A compound in green tea has been shown to inhibit the growth of tuberculosis-causing bacteria by disrupting energy production. The discovery could lead to the development of new drugs to combat multi-drug resistant TB.
A team at RIKEN Center for Brain Science analyzed mouse brain activity using machine-learning algorithms, identifying distinct brain waves for recent and remote memories. They found a strong link between the frontal brain region and hippocampus, suggesting a possible mechanism to track memory age.
A new animal model has successfully treated latent tuberculosis (TB) using a three-month course of antibiotics, showing almost complete sterilization of bacteria. This breakthrough could lead to shorter treatment regimens and improved prevention of reactivation.
Researchers at NREL successfully integrated aluminum into their HVPE reactor and demonstrated the growth of semiconductors aluminum indium phosphide (AlInP) and aluminum gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP). This breakthrough could lead to cheaper solar cells with comparable efficiency to MOVPE-grown ones.
A recent study found that consistent use of nasal saline and corticosteroid sprays can significantly reduce the need for antibiotics and oral steroids in individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This reduction can lead to fewer side effects associated with these medications, such as gastric issues and mood disturbances. By using ...
Researchers found that meerkat clans exhibit aggression by chasing or doing a 'war dance' in over half of interactions, often leading to physical violence. Winning groups move further away from the center of their territory, while losing groups are forced to retreat closer to the center.
A new study reveals that plant-eating insects significantly impact forest ecosystems, causing nutrient leaching and increased carbon dioxide emissions. The researchers found that these insects can disrupt ecosystems more than previously thought, especially in cold areas where temperatures may rise.
Research found that mothers' positive emotions strengthen brain connectivity with their babies', enabling efficient information sharing. This neural connection is crucial for learning and development, particularly in infants of depressed mothers.
Researchers observe a high-speed ice feature forming on a Russian glacier, which could indicate the transition from a glacial surge to an ice stream. The study suggests this phenomenon may be more common than previously thought and could impact predictions for global sea level rise.
Researchers at Cornell University have discovered a new ice river forming on the Vavilov ice cap in Siberia, shedding nearly 11% of its mass since 2013. The rapid ice loss is believed to be linked to climate change, which can cause unstable ice shelves and erosion by warm water.
Researchers at Liverpool John Moores University compared two popular HIIT protocols, finding that 60-second intervals with 60-second rest periods improved aerobic capacity and body composition. In contrast, 30-second intervals with 120 seconds of rest had no significant impact on fitness parameters.
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology found that overly strong connections can invert the effect of connectivity on complex activity, leading to more regular patterns. This phenomenon is observed in various natural and engineered systems, including neurons, coupled oscillators, and wireless terminals.
A newly released special issue examines the prevalence of null findings in randomized control trials, highlighting their expected and valuable role in evaluation research. Key articles propose frameworks for defining and interpreting null results, exploring context and implementation fidelity as factors influencing outcomes.
Researchers have discovered a novel retinal structure in flycatchers that contains megamitochondria and small oil droplets, potentially enhancing their ability to detect and track insect prey. This unique structure is unevenly distributed across the retina and may provide an additional visual channel for these small predatory songbirds.
Researchers from MIPT and their international colleagues achieved a breakthrough in nonvolatile memory devices by measuring electric potential distribution across a ferroelectric capacitor. The new memory cell has been shown to endure 10 billion rewrite cycles, surpassing current flash drives.
A recent study by Washington State University researchers found that Instagram helps young adults develop friendships in real life, particularly for those who are more reserved and open to new experiences. The platform's visual features and ease of use encouraged self-expression, leading to deeper relationships offline.
Researchers at NREL have discovered a novel oxygenate molecule that can be produced from biomass, showing promise as a blend for diesel fuel. Initial results suggest improved ignition quality, reduced sooting, and fuel economy gains.
A recent study found that the effective population size and genetic diversity of the Sunda fruit bat have shrunk significantly due to urbanization and human-mediated changes. The research team analyzed DNA samples from 1931 and 2011, revealing a nearly 30-fold reduction in genetic diversity.
A new study finds that a high-fat, high-sugar diet alters the intestinal endocannabinoid system and changes the gut microbiome, with potential interactions between specific bacterial genera and eCB activity observed. These findings could help develop better nutritional strategies to prevent or treat metabolic complications.
New research from the University of Portsmouth reveals that donkeys are less likely to seek shelter from heat and light than mules. The study found that donkeys prefer arid, hot climates with higher sunlight levels, while mules are more sensitive to temperatures and sunlight.
Scientists have determined the structure of the B-Raf protein, which is responsible for about 50% of melanomas. The study reveals an asymmetric organization of the complex, enabling asymmetric activation of the B-Raf dimer, a mechanism that explains the origin of paradoxical activation by small molecule inhibitors.
A University of Waterloo study found that positive feelings about work in general and a psychological attachment to the organization are crucial for casual workers to return the following year. Job enrichment was shown to increase work engagement and organizational commitment among seasonal student workers.
A large new study finds that sustained weight loss is associated with lower breast cancer risk in women over 50. Women who lost weight after age 50 and kept it off had a 13-26% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those whose weight remained stable.
Researchers have uncovered the nucleation process behind microbial shells' formation, revealing the role of protein building blocks and their interaction with environments. The study could help scientists design self-assembling nanostructures for various tasks.
The article suggests that large carnivores and zoos can catalyze public engagement with nature and pro-environmental behavior, fostering an emotional appreciation for diverse species. By exploring connections between people, large carnivores, and zoos, this approach provides a rich multifaceted framework for biodiversity conservation.
A new AI model developed by researchers can predict which women are at future risk of breast cancer with higher accuracy than existing models. The deep neural network-based approach has a lower false negative rate, indicating that it can identify women who would benefit from additional screening with MRI.
A study estimated the cumulative effects of shale gas production in the Appalachian basin on air quality and employment, finding negative impacts on both with some positive effects. The study also found persistent climate change effects that may last for generations.
Researchers at Virginia Tech and University College London discovered a key brain region that drives confirmation bias, where activity modulates decision-making and memory. The study found that people tend to favor information reinforcing their existing opinions over contradictory ones.
A study by Université de Genève researchers shows that Donald Trump's protectionist policies increase unemployment in the US and Mexico, reducing welfare by 0.31% in the US and 6.6% in Mexico.
Researchers found that fenfluramine significantly reduced convulsive seizures in Dravet syndrome patients, with a 62% decrease in seizures per month. The study also showed improvements in seizure-free intervals and parental assessments of child improvement.
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center discovered a new molecular process in mice that triggers T cell-driven inflammation and causes autoimmune diseases. The study found that interactions between myeloid cells and CD4-positive T cells produce excessive IL-1b, leading to auto-inflammatory diseases.
Researchers recorded nearly all brain signals sent to wing muscles of hawk moths, showing precise timing within rapid sequences of neural spike is essential for controlling flight muscles. The study reveals the importance of precise spike timing in coordinating five muscles per wing.
A national survey of women found that DBNs are not achieving their desired effects in reducing breast cancer awareness and screening. The study revealed greater anxiety and confusion among black women with higher incomes, while white women with higher incomes had more knowledge about breast density.
Clemson University professor Joe Kolis is developing new quantum materials using hydrothermal synthesis to make reliable qubits for quantum computing and data storage. By cooling material at lower temperatures, he aims to achieve the necessary magnetic disorder for quantum phenomenon to take over.
A recent review suggests that artificial sweeteners, commonly used to aid weight loss, may actually contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes and weight gain. According to UniSA Professor Peter Clifton, consuming large quantities of artificial sweeteners can alter gut bacteria and lead to increased calorie intake.
A recent study from the University of Illinois discovered that human-grade dog foods are not only highly palatable but also more digestible than initially estimated. The researchers tested six commercial dog foods made with minimally processed human-edible ingredients, finding high protein quality and low stool volume in dogs.
Lehigh University professor Brian Chen is developing software that can predict protein interactions, reducing the need for human interpretation. The software has already successfully demonstrated the ability to predict something completely unknown in a collaboration with Rutgers University.
A novel assay developed at the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown uses zebrafish 'avatars' to test radio-sensitivity in human tumor cells. The assay has shown promising results, with 85% success rate in predicting how tumors will respond to specific drugs.
Researchers have successfully extracted a complete ancient human genome from birch pitch used as 'chewing gum' 5,700 years ago. The findings reveal genetic information about an individual's physical characteristics, including dark skin, hair, and eyes, as well as their diet and oral microbiome.
A team of scientists from Massachusetts General Hospital has developed an algorithm to estimate dementia risk using EHRs, predicting new diagnoses up to eight years in advance. The tool uses machine learning and NLP to analyze clinical terms and estimate patient risk.
Opioid-related overdose deaths in US decreased from 9% to 4% for suicides, increasing from 73.8% to 90.6% for unintentional deaths between 2000 and 2017
A new study published in Pediatrics found that eight in 10 children who reported being allergic to non-beta-lactam antibiotics were not truly allergic, highlighting the need for improved and timely access to formal allergy evaluations. This can prevent lifelong avoidance of certain antibiotic classes and help combat antibiotic resistance.
A new US study demonstrates the effectiveness of genicular artery embolization (GAE) in treating osteoarthritis knee pain. The minimally invasive procedure blocks blood flow to certain parts of the knee, providing rapid relief from pain and disability. Results show significant improvement in pain scores, with nearly all patients experi...
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have discovered a phenomenon where certain gas molecules produce more harmful particles as NOx emissions decrease. This knowledge can help politicians adopt better measures to combat air pollution and improve climate models.
Researchers have identified a genetic signature associated with the degree of pathological angiogenesis in breast cancer tumors. The study combined gene expression profiles from public databases with analysis of retinopathy models to uncover key genes involved in pathological angiogenesis, providing a new tool for breast cancer treatment.
A study published in Science Bulletin finds that limiting global warming to 1.5°C would reduce precipitation extremes in China, particularly in southeastern regions. The research highlights the social impacts of climate change, with heavy rainfall events intensifying across the country and dry extremes increasing in South China.
A study of ancient Scottish tree rings reveals that a devastating famine in the 1690s was caused by faraway volcanic eruptions and exacerbated by Scotland's political isolation from England. The researchers argue that nations should stick together to be stronger in the face of climate change.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have developed a new platform for creating genetically engineered mice to study melanoma, which is significantly faster than the traditional approach. This new method uses chimera mouse models and chimera-derived melanoma cell lines to provide a faster way to study skin cancer.
A commentary published in the American Journal of Public Health argues that existing metrics are insufficient to track the public health response to HIV in the US. Newer metrics are needed to inform and evaluate efforts aimed at reducing new HIV infections by 75% and 90% over the next five and ten years, respectively.
Researchers warn of potential negative impacts of offshore renewable energy on marine life, including head trauma and hearing loss. The study suggests that consideration should be given to the impact of technologies like wind turbines and wave energy converters on marine animals before implementation.
Good aerobic fitness is not linked to lower risk of insulin resistance in obese children. Instead, more physical activity and less sedentary time were associated with reduced insulin resistance regardless of body fat percentage. The study suggests that more physical activity plays a key role in preventing type 2 diabetes in childhood.
A University of Queensland-led team proposes a global goal to limit the loss of nature by setting a 'no net loss' target for natural ecosystems. The researchers considered socioeconomic factors across 170 countries and recognized the need for equitable contributions to conservation and restoration.
Leptothrix cholodnii forms long filaments with nanofibrils, which capture precious metals and aid in niche establishment. The structure is essential for bacterial cell attachment to solid surfaces.
A new longitudinal study found that e-cigarette use increases the risk of developing chronic lung diseases like asthma and bronchitis. Dual users of e-cigarettes and smoked tobacco are at an even higher risk of developing lung disease.
A team of scientists discovered evolutionarily novel genes expressed in all tumors, which could serve as excellent tumor markers. The new research confirms a theory that the number of oncogenes should correspond to the number of differential cell types, providing a new perspective on cancer prevention and therapy strategies.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo developed an AI tool that uses deep-learning algorithms to determine if claims are supported by other posts and stories on the same subject. The system achieved 90% accuracy in stance detection, a key area of research in detecting fake news.
Scientists at North Carolina State University have designed a new type of material, called active kirigami, which can autonomously change shape in response to heat. This innovation enables the creation of programmable robots with increased freedom of actuation.