A study by researchers at the University of Illinois found that male cowbirds exhibit greater variation in offspring production, conforming to Bateman's Principle. Surprisingly, approximately 75% of cowbirds were monogamous for the entire breeding season despite not providing food or resources to their young.
Researchers have developed a new approach to delivering sight-saving gene therapy to the retina, using a small needle to inject harmless viruses into the suprachoroidal space. This method could provide a more permanent therapeutic option for patients with common diseases such as wet age-related macular degeneration and inherited retina...
A study found that water contamination violations associated with immediate health risks led to a 14% increase in bottled water sales. However, low-income rural communities did not show a significant response to nitrate violations, which pose a risk to infants.
A recent study suggests that great apes possess theory of mind, demonstrated by their ability to anticipate an agent's action based on past experience. The findings indicate that these animals can use perceptual cues to infer another agent's belief about an object's location.
Researchers found that women who experience complications such as preterm births and preeclampsia during their first pregnancy are nearly twice more likely than women without complications to develop high blood pressure later in life. The study emphasizes the need for doctors to focus on knowing the health histories of women.
A University of Córdoba research group has developed a system that can stop the development of Fusarium oxysporum, a pathogenic fungus affecting over 100 crops. The method exploits the fungus's use of autocrine pheromones to detect its own species and control its growth.
A Rutgers-led study uses artificial intelligence to examine genetic signatures of Crohn's disease, revealing previously undiscovered genes linked to the illness. The AI method accurately predicted whether thousands of people had the disease, holding promise for improved diagnosis and treatment.
Physicists at the University of Groningen created curved spin transport channels, enabling independent control over charge and spin currents. This discovery could lead to more energy-efficient electronics by allowing spin injectors and detectors to be integrated into modern 3D circuitry.
Drexel Food Lab developed a new whole grain-rich, lower-sodium hoagie roll that passed sensory tests, reducing sodium by 70mg. The partnership with Amoroso's Baking Company resulted in the production of 1.68 million rolls per year, saving schools over 1,294 pounds of salt annually.
A study found that climate-driven extinctions in Mojave Desert birds may be linked to increased water requirements, particularly for insectivorous and carnivorous species. Climate forecasts predict a 50-78% increase in water needs for Mojave birds, making species declines more likely.
A study of stickleback fish found that male parental care is accompanied by changes in gene activity in the brain, similar to those experienced by mammals. The researchers identified genes associated with mothering and aggression, suggesting a molecular link between fish and mammal parents.
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine published a series of papers on cystic fibrosis treatment, including new CFTR modulator drugs showing promise and improving patient outcomes. Additionally, a three-in-one inhaler therapy was found to improve lung function and reduce asthma attacks in patients with severe asthma.
Researchers at Cornell University have solved the three-dimensional structure of a protein complex involved in vertebrate vision at atomic resolution, revealing how signals from photons are amplified in the eye. The study provides insights into G-protein-coupled receptors and their role in human vision, with potential implications for ...
A recent study from Washington University in St. Louis challenges the idea that species previously exposed to variable conditions are better suited to cope with climate change. The model predicts that simple changes in weather event intensity could be lethal for populations that have experienced similar events in the past.
A triple drug combination of lithium, trametinib, and rapamycin has been shown to extend the lifespan of fruit flies by 48%, a significant increase compared to previous studies. The treatment targets different cellular processes and may have potential benefits for preventing age-related diseases in humans.
Researchers found that protein GAS1 suppresses muscle stem cells' ability to build new muscles and regenerate after injury. Reversing GAS1's effect by using GDNF restores muscle stem cell function and regeneration.
A larger sample size failed to support original claims linking genetic variants to altered brain activation during reading and listening. The new findings highlight the complexity of genes and human brain function relationships.
Researchers studied 2016 El Nino event to evaluate the role of excess heat in coral bleaching. They discovered that bleaching is driven by a variety of stressors, with each region responding differently.
Researchers developed a sandwich-structured electrode using ZIF-67 to trap polysulfides, improving reaction kinetics and preventing the shuttling effect. This enhances lithium sulfur battery performance by up to three times that of traditional lithium ion batteries.
Researchers found that infants with stable, large bacterial clusters had improved respiratory health. The study's findings suggest that early-life interventions could prevent respiratory infections by shaping microbial communities across the body.
A new concept for an aluminum battery has twice the energy density of previous versions and is made of abundant materials, potentially leading to reduced production costs and environmental impact. The idea could be used in large-scale applications such as solar and wind energy storage.
The US FDA has approved a new smallpox vaccine called JYNNEOS, which is non-replicating and can be used to protect against both smallpox and monkeypox diseases. The vaccine developed by Bavarian Nordic was shown to have a superior immune response compared to the existing ACAM2000 vaccine.
Researchers suggest a structural connection between 'content circuits' in the cortex and 'switchboard circuits' that allocate awareness, mediated by L5p neurons. Studies demonstrate interaction between state and contents of consciousness in these cells.
A large-scale international study found that people in economically unequal societies are more supportive of strong, even autocratic leaders. The researchers suggest that economic inequality perceptions fuel a desire for a leader who will restore order by whatever means necessary.
Patients who first see a chiropractor or physical therapist are less likely to be prescribed opioids, reducing the risk of short- and long-term use. The study found that state-level policy regulations impact opioid prescribing, with patients in states with limited access more likely to receive opioids.
Researchers developed nontoxic, biodegradable viscoelastic carrier fluids to enhance fire retardant retention on wildfires-prone vegetation. Treating high-risk locations with these fluids may help prevent wildfires from starting during peak season.
A study led by Georgia State University researchers found that early life racial discrimination is linked to elevated depressive symptoms and accelerated aging processes in African American youth. The study, which analyzed data from over 800 African American families, suggests that experiences of racial discrimination may be driving a ...
A simple cardiac risk score is associated with MRI-detected pre-clinical cerebrovascular disease, including carotid artery plaque and silent strokes. Early detection and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors can prevent cerebrovascular disease from developing.
A phase III trial has shown that targeted therapy ivosidenib improves progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with IDH1-mutated cholangiocarcinoma. The study demonstrated the feasibility of targeting a molecularly defined subgroup, leading to potential changes in clinical practice.
MIT researchers have developed a delivery system that makes RNA vaccines more powerful, triggering efficient protein production and boosting immune response. The nanoparticles also activate an immune signaling pathway, provoking T cells to attack cancer cells and infectious agents.
A new method for detecting manatee calls could help restore populations of the endangered Antillean manatee. By analyzing underwater recordings, scientists can estimate manatee numbers and understand their habitat use in turbid waters.
A recent study presented at the ESMO Congress 2019 found that nearly four times more patients responded to immunotherapy with pembrolizumab than standard chemotherapy in a trial for advanced mesothelioma. However, these responses did not delay progression or improve survival rates.
African American women report feeling pressured to act as superwomen to cope with racial discrimination, but research reveals mixed results on the persona's impact on health. Some aspects of being a strong black woman seem to protect against chronic stress, while others exacerbate its negative effects.
Researchers have developed a new CRISPR-Cas9 variant that reduces unintended changes in DNA, increasing precision in gene therapy. The SaCas9-HF variant shows high on-target efficiency and nearly undetectable off-target activity, offering a promising alternative for precise genome editing.
A game of chance experiment revealed that German commercial fishermen are more honest than students when not under suspicion. However, when told to report their results in favor of the EU, almost one in three fishermen answered dishonestly. The study highlights the importance of trust between fishermen and regulatory authorities.
Hurricane Lorenzo attained Category 5 strength briefly, becoming the strongest hurricane on record in the eastern-most Atlantic Ocean. The Suomi NPP satellite provided infrared data that showed changes in the storm's eye and powerful thunderstorms, and mesospheric gravity waves were also observed.
Researchers identified two mechanisms driving herbicide-resistant weed emergence in Ontario: pollen and seed dispersal via wind and water, and spontaneous genetic mutations. This study highlights the need for integrated management approaches to minimize gene flow and resistances, including thorough equipment cleaning and crop rotation.
A monthly phone call from a care team navigator can suppress depression and improve quality of life for dementia caregivers. The 12-month study found a significant decrease in caregiver depression and a notable increase in patient quality of life.
RUDN University mathematicians developed a model to optimize data center efficiency using Markov chains. Their method reduces server overheating and improves server capacity utilization, resulting in significant cost savings.
A preventive treatment developed by Stanford researchers could greatly reduce the incidence and severity of wildfires. The approach involves an environmentally benign gel-like fluid that helps common wildland fire retardants last longer on vegetation.
A study found that doubling vegetarian options reduced meat-rich purchases by 40-80%. The results suggest tweaking food availability can influence people's decisions for human health and environmental preservation. No rebound effect was detected, meaning opting for a veggie lunch didn't lead to a compensatory meat-heavy dinner.
A new program, Me & You: Building Healthy Relationships, was effective in reducing dating violence perpetration and victimization among early middle school ethnic-minority students. The program uses a life skills decision-making model to teach youth better communication and problem-solving skills.
A potent monoclonal antibody has been developed to impede henipavirus fusion with cell membranes, blocking viral genome injection. The antibody recognizes a specific area of the viral membrane machinery, preventing membrane fusion and keeping viral material out of host cells.
The study found measurable adverse biologic effects on lung health and cells in humans, animals, and tissue samples. Vaping has been linked to increased respiratory symptoms, including bronchitis-like symptoms and asthma, as well as possible lung damage and immunosuppression.
A new paper published in JAMA recommends a continuum of care approach, including lifestyle modification therapy, medications, and bariatric surgery, to treat adolescents with obesity. The study suggests that filling the treatment gap between lifestyle modification and surgery is crucial.
A study published in CMAJ found that heart disease increases the risk of hospitalization for allopurinol-related severe skin reactions. People with specific genetic markers, such as HLA-B*5801, are at higher risk. The risk is further increased when combined with kidney disease.
Researchers propose female orgasm evolved from copulation-induced ovulation (CIO) in animals like rabbits. A study found that inhibiting CIO reduced ovulations in treated rabbits, supporting the hypothesis of a shared evolutionary origin.
A new cryptocurrency system, Byzantine Reliable Broadcast, achieves safe and secure transactions with virtually zero energy cost. This paradigm shift is made possible by assuming all players are honest until proven guilty, eliminating the need for complex consensus tasks.
Researchers discovered a shared molecular mechanism among botanical folk medicines that lower blood pressure by activating the KCNQ5 potassium channel in blood vessels. This finding could lead to targeted therapies for diseases like hypertension and KCNQ5 loss-of-function encephalopathy.
Reducing diesel emissions from freight trucks can lead to significant improvements in public health and the economy. By 2050, studies predict a decline in mortality rates and annual savings of $38 billion, thanks to improved air quality and technology.
A new analysis of two international clinical trials predicts that benralizumab may be effective for a subpopulation of patients with moderate to very severe COPD who have elevated blood eosinophil counts and a history of frequent exacerbations. The study found no significant efficacy in reducing annual COPD exacerbation rates for patie...
Researchers at OIST Graduate University revealed the flagellar hook's mechanics, showing how it acts as a dynamic joint to transmit torque and enable bacterial motility. The study provides insights into the hook's flexible and rigid structure, allowing for dynamic shifts in its conformation.
A study of 3,778 African American participants found an association between shorter sleep duration and lower body mass index (BMI), with more than 30% of participants overweight or obese. The researchers recommend promoting better sleep hygiene to help combat obesity.
Researchers found that individuals with generalized anxiety disorder were more sensitive to emotional shifts and experienced anxiety during relaxation exercises. This sensitivity was linked to feeling anxious while being led through relaxation sessions.
Researchers at Imperial College London developed microneedle biosensors that accurately detect changing antibiotic concentrations in patients' bodies. The technology enables real-time monitoring with similar results to blood tests.
Researchers have successfully grown elongated hexagon-shaped flakes of borophene on a silver substrate, overcoming a major hurdle in its production. The discovery could enable the creation of atom-width conductive wires for nanoelectronics devices.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine discovered that genetic variations in NKX2-5 protein affect heart function, revealing a common mechanism across multiple heart-related traits. The study uses skin-derived induced pluripotent stem cells to analyze the role of NKX2-5 variants.
A new technique uses nanoparticles to measure how quickly they move through mucus samples, correlating with COPD severity. The study's findings suggest that the structure of mucus in patients with severe COPD may be distinct and affect particle movement.
Aalto University researchers have developed a natural wax coating that makes garments water-resistant and breathable, using carnauba wax and a cheaper, cationic starch alternative. The coating retains breathability and natural feel while being environmentally friendly.
The BEACON CRC Phase III clinical trial found that the three-drug combination of encorafenib, binimetinib, and cetuximab significantly improved overall survival in patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer. Median OS for the triplet-targeted therapy was 9 months compared to 5.4 months for standard therapy.