Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified a link between gut disease and brain injury in premature infants. The study found that an immune system cell called CD4+ T cells travels from the gut to the brain and attacks healthy cells, leading to severe brain injury.
Researchers from Waseda University create a way to transform logical Ising models into physically implementable ones with lower bit widths. This approach uses auxiliary spins to achieve the desired transformation without changing the solution.
A Texas A&M University-led survey found that 31.1% of the US public does not intend to get vaccinated against COVID-19, with Black Americans, women, and conservatives being most hesitant. Concerns about safety and effectiveness were top reasons for vaccine reluctance across sub-populations.
The study analyzed 841 large cities' urban built-up areas expansion, population growth, and greening changes, revealing a huge pace of urbanization disparity. China demonstrated the biggest urban expansion, while cities in low-income countries lagged behind in infrastructure development and greening.
Researchers developed a breakthrough sensor system and manufacturing process for smart contact lenses, featuring a photodetector, temperature sensor, and glucose sensor. The ultra-thin sensor layer offers high detection sensitivity, good biocompatibility, and mechanical robustness.
Researchers studied why people use their smartphones at cafés, identifying three main reasons: delaying conversation, shielding interaction, and sharing content. Deliberate phone use can be seen as polite if explained or used to signal busy-ness, while excessive use can be perceived as rude.
A uOttawa study finds that mindfulness can significantly impact the brain of women suffering from neuropathic pain related to breast cancer treatment. The research shows major reductions in brain activity and a significant improvement in brain health as well as pain perception.
A Danish study found that overweight mothers had a higher risk of infertility in their sons compared to those with normal weight. The researchers also highlighted the importance of addressing risk factors for infertility globally and acknowledged the need for further studies to corroborate these findings.
Researchers developed photonic processors to process information rapidly and in parallel, enabling complex mathematical tasks at fast speeds. These chips use wavelength multiplexing for highly parallel data processing.
A study published in the Journal of the American Geriatric Society found that food insecurity increased significantly among older US adults from 5.5% to 12.4% between 2007 and 2016. Older adults with food insecurity tend to have lower quality diets.
A new study found that a quarter of young adults in the US rely on porn for information on how to have sex. Heterosexual men were more likely to use porn than female respondents, who preferred their partners as sources of guidance. The study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive sex education and communication skills.
A recent study published in Acta Paediatrica found that skin-to-skin contact with the father can help establish stable physiological parameters and increase wakefulness in newborns after Caesarean section delivery. This approach may provide benefits during mother-infant separation, suggesting its potential as a supportive strategy.
A recent study from King's College London has found that smoking is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 symptoms and severity. Current smokers were more likely to develop the classic triad of symptoms suggesting diagnosis of COVID-19, including fever, cough, and shortness of breath.
University of Wyoming researchers have successfully converted raw coal powder into nano-graphite using a one-step metal-assisted microwave treatment method. This method has the potential to provide an alternative source of high-value materials, reducing environmental concerns and ecological impact.
Researchers successfully used DNA-editing to extend the lifespan of mice with progeria by correcting the accelerating aging disorder. The treatment restored normal DNA sequences in various organs and improved mouse lifespans from seven months to nearly 1.5 years.
Researchers found that statin users were 55% less likely to be treated at the hospital for heart failure after anthracycline treatment, and 54% less likely with trastuzumab treatment. Statins may be a potential intervention for preventing heart failure in patients receiving chemotherapy.
Researchers developed a novel probe to study how a 'matchmaker' molecule generates a 'wait' signal at kinetochores, ensuring accurate chromosome inheritance. This discovery provides insight into how accuracy of chromosome inheritance can be lowered in diseases like cancer.
A team of Binghamton University researchers will explore advanced grid-forming PV inverter control technologies to integrate renewable energy sources into the US electric grid, aiming for increased reliability and scalability. The three-year project will focus on developing a new grid-forming control algorithm at a hybrid PV plant.
A study finds that thermal power plants are already struggling to keep up with growing electricity demand on hot days, leading to reduced capacity and increased greenhouse gas emissions. The research warns that as global warming intensifies, power plant outages on hot days could nearly double, straining the electricity grid.
A recent survey study found that providing COVID-19 case information on maps did not improve public knowledge or behavior. The study suggests that more effective strategies are needed to educate the public about COVID-19 risks.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have unveiled the core structure of cyanobacteria's light-harvesting antenna, revealing key features that collect energy and block excess light absorption. The study provides insights into future energy applications and helps explain how living organisms maximize photosynthetic efficiency.
A new study published in Sports Medicine finds that resistance training has similar benefits for older women and men, with women achieving greater relative increases in lower body strength. The research suggests that trainers should program differently for each sex to maximize training benefits.
Researchers have identified brain cells most susceptible to Alzheimer's disease, which could lead to targeted treatments to boost the brain's resilience. The study found that RORB-expressing neurons are among the first to die in the disease, accumulating tau tangles earlier than neighboring cells.
Researchers developed a new method to study molecular characteristics of T cells, enabling easier analysis of T cell receptors. Using this approach, they discovered that the variety of TCRs in T cells has a weaker influence on functional status in cancer patients.
Researchers at Swansea University have received £230,000 to develop a smart vaccine device that delivers the COVID-19 vaccine and measures its efficacy through monitoring biomarkers in the skin. The device uses microneedles for minimally invasive delivery and offers a personalized vaccination approach.
A study from Johns Hopkins Medicine reveals that exposure to B. fragilis toxin can increase the risk of breast cancer by leaving a lasting impression on cells. Researchers found that breast tissue cells exposed to the toxin retained a long-term memory, leading to tumor growth and metastasis in mice.
A new study found that lower hydroxychloroquine blood levels are associated with a higher risk of clots in lupus patients. By monitoring blood levels, clinicians may be able to reduce clotting rates by up to 12% with increased dosing.
Researchers developed a new imaging method to track antibiotic distribution in infected tissues, revealing that some antibiotics only partially penetrate infected cells. This discovery could lead to more targeted treatments and reduced risk of antibiotic resistance.
Scientists have identified a new metabolic vulnerability in highly aggressive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors containing mutations in KRAS and LKB1. The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway is activated in these tumors, providing a potential target for therapy.
A team of researchers studied over 3,500 leaf fossils from Patagonia, Argentina, and found a surprising 92% species-level extinction rate in the region. The study suggests that despite high extinction rates, South American plant families largely survived and grew more diverse during the Paleogene period.
A recent study by prof. Tone Bjørge and her team reveals a strong link between in-utero exposures and an increased risk of thyroid cancer later in life. Maternal hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goiter, and benign thyroid neoplasms are associated with higher risk.
The 1907 Trailblazer Awards support pioneering early-career mental health researchers Dr. Benjamin Bartelle, Dr. Laura Lewis, and Dr. Katherine Scangos with two-year grants valued at over $120,000 each. Their projects aim to advance our understanding of depression symptom severity in major depression and develop novel treatments.
A new study found that manatees in Brazil and Guyana have low genetic diversity, with no natural hybridization between species. The researchers suggest creating protected areas and biological corridors to promote gene flow and improve conservation efforts.
Researchers investigate how COVID-19 has changed sex offender behavior, providing insights for protecting vulnerable individuals. The study aims to understand how social and economic changes have impacted offender patterns and victim vulnerability.
Researchers captured rare footage of a jaguar killing an ocelot at a waterhole in Guatemala, highlighting competition for scarce resources. Climate change and droughts are predicted to worsen, putting wildlife survival at risk.
Citrus disease-induced microbial shifts may lead to new management strategies for crops. Researchers found increased diversity in microbiome associated with Huanglongbing disease progression.
A recent study by Simon Fraser University found that approximately half of media stories featuring COVID-19 'preprint' research did not accurately frame the studies as being preprints or unverified research. The study analyzed over 500 mentions in over 450 stories from digital news outlets covering preprint COVID-19 research.
Researchers have developed a new method for tracking individual molecules in real-time using four-probe scanning tunneling microscopy, enabling unprecedented control over molecular transport. Additionally, Oak Ridge National Laboratory has released guidelines to improve fuel economy by reducing idling and selecting the most fuel-effici...
A new study estimates 46.9 million SARS-CoV-2 infections, 28.1 million symptomatic infections, 956,174 hospitalizations and 304,915 deaths occurred in the US through November 15, 2020. The study utilized data from public health surveillance and seroprevalence surveys.
A large-scale study found that following specific guidelines, including regular exercise and a prudent diet, can lower GERD symptoms by 37% in women. Adhering to these lifestyle factors can also reduce the need for medication.
Researchers are using AI to improve treatment outcomes for patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas by predicting which patients need chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery. The project aims to develop a more precise and personalized approach to cancer care.
Researchers at the University of Konstanz have discovered a new state of matter called liquid glass, which exhibits complex behavior. The particles in liquid glass are able to move but not rotate, leading to local clusters that obstruct each other and prevent an ordered state from forming.
A University of Bonn study finds that climate change caused the sudden disappearance of mangroves on Oman's coastlines 6,000 years ago. The researchers suggest that a shift in the Intertropical Convergence Zone led to extreme stress on mangrove ecosystems due to increased salinization and drought.
A new method of distance measurement has been developed by researchers at Paderborn University, achieving precision 10,000 times better than established methods. This breakthrough could significantly improve applications such as LIDAR and GPS.
A study found associations between retinal changes and memory problems in older people with type 1 diabetes. Researchers used routine eye scans to detect structural changes in the retina that may be linked to cognitive decline. The findings could lead to better understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other co...
A randomized trial shows UC-MSC infusions safely reduce risk of death and quicken time to recovery for severe COVID-19 patients. The treatment, like smart bomb technology, restores normal immune response and reverses life-threatening complications.
A joint research team developed DeepTFactor, a deep neural network predicting transcription factors from protein sequences. The tool uses three parallel convolutional neural networks and predicted 332 transcription factors of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655.
A new machine learning system can correctly diagnose particle accelerator component issues in near-real-time, providing operators with actionable information to mitigate problems. The system achieved accuracy rates of 85% for fault detection and 78% for fault type identification during its first two-week test.
A new study found that grasslands, a critical carbon sink, have become a source of greenhouse gas emissions due to increased livestock numbers and intensive management. Sparsely grazed areas provide significant cooling services, while intensively managed pastures contribute to warming.
Researchers developed new bacterial culture approaches, isolating 254 strains from the Tabernas Desert, including 60% previously unreported and possibly new bacteria species. The study highlights the potential for simple strategies to obtain higher microbial diversity from extreme environments.
A novel method identifies areas most suitable for the conservation of the endangered black lion tamarin, considering both climate and landscape factors. The study used modeling to pinpoint areas with suitable forest cover and climate, indicating a need for targeted strategies in forest restoration to connect fragmented habitats.
Researchers identified a severe drought period in 1302-07 Europe, which shares similarities with the 2018 weather anomaly and recent climate trends. The study suggests that transitional phases in the climate are characterized by stable weather patterns, contributing to extreme events like the Great Famine of 1315-21.
A team led by Syracuse University researcher Lisa Manning will investigate mechanical forces that may cause congenital heart defects during embryo development. They aim to identify new targets for therapy and develop methodologies for early detection and prevention.
A study conducted by researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai found that repeated ketamine infusions significantly reduced symptom severity in individuals with chronic PTSD. The improvement was rapid and maintained for several weeks afterwards, suggesting this may be a promising treatment option for PTSD patients.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham have discovered a biological imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant cells that links gum disease to chronic kidney disease. A 10% increase in gum inflammation reduces kidney function by 3%, highlighting the importance of periodontal care for patients with chronic kidney disease.
Researchers suggest that single-dose vaccines may offer greater population benefit due to the speed-versus-efficacy tradeoff. Alternative dose allocation strategies also improve benefits by vaccinating more people sooner while maintaining scheduling for second doses.
A large study tracked 1,000 people from birth to age 45 and found that those with higher self-control as children were aging more slowly. Their bodies and brains were also healthier and biologically younger. Higher childhood self-control correlated with slower aging in multiple measures, including physiological signs of aging.
Scientists at the University of Tokyo have observed a direct impact of magnetic fields on biological magnetoreception in living cells. By measuring changes in flavin autofluorescence, they found that the presence of a magnetic field reduced the cell's ability to emit light.
Researchers found nearly 30% rise in high school infections and 20% increase in elementary school infections after Florida schools reopened. The study suggests remote learning is crucial in managing infection rates until vaccines are available for children.
Rutgers engineers create 3D-printed smart gel that senses light and changes shape, inspired by cephalopod skin. The technology has potential applications in military camouflage, soft robotics, and flexible displays.